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Tissue-resident memory T (TRM) cells, particularly IL-17\u2013 and phosphorylated STAT3 (pSTAT3)\u2013expressing CD8\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    subsets, have been established as central drivers of disease persistence and recurrence. These pathogenic TRM cells maintain local inflammatory circuits that are poorly targeted by current therapies, which helps to explain the limited durability of clinical remission in many patients. Therefore, strategies for selective suppression of these immune subsets are urgently needed. In this study, we investigated the therapeutic potential of nano-sized graphene oxide (NGO), a biocompatible material with emerging anti-inflammatory properties. NGO treatment significantly enhanced mitochondrial function in immune cells, reflected by improved oxygen consumption rate and reduced mitochondrial reactive oxygen species production. Restoration of mitochondrial homeostasis led to robust suppression of pSTAT3 and IL-17 signaling pathways. Importantly, NGO induced a dose-dependent reduction in the numbers of pathogenic CD8\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    TRM17 cells in both murine models of psoriasis and human-patient-derived immune cells. Beyond its direct effects on pathogenic TRM cells, NGO treatment alleviated epidermal hyperplasia and inflammatory infiltration in psoriatic lesions and promoted the expansion of regulatory T cells, thereby fostering an immune environment more conducive to tissue resolution. Taken together, these findings show that NGO exerted potent therapeutic effects by coupling mitochondrial reprogramming with immune modulation. By attenuating pSTAT3\u2013IL-17\u2013driven TRM cell responses and enhancing regulatory T cell activity, NGO has emerged as a promising candidate for durable immunometabolic therapy in psoriasis.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Graphical abstract<\/jats:bold>\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12951-025-04020-7","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,16]],"date-time":"2026-01-16T13:35:25Z","timestamp":1768570525000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["NGO ameliorates psoriasis by modulating mitochondrial function and suppressing pSTAT3\u2013IL-17\u2013expressing CD8+ TRM cells"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"Tae Ho","family":"Kim","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chae Rim","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kyoung Min","family":"Choi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Soon Won","family":"Choi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Seon-Yeong","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A. 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JAMA Dermatol. 2020;156(6):649\u201358.","journal-title":"JAMA Dermatol"}],"container-title":["Journal of Nanobiotechnology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s12951-025-04020-7","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12951-025-04020-7.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12951-025-04020-7.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,6]],"date-time":"2026-02-06T18:02:18Z","timestamp":1770400938000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1186\/s12951-025-04020-7"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,16]]},"references-count":51,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]}},"alternative-id":["4020"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12951-025-04020-7","relation":{},"ISSN":["1477-3155"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1477-3155","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,16]]},"assertion":[{"value":"10 October 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"31 December 2025","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"16 January 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"All protocols for animal experiments were reviewed and approved by the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee (IACUC) of the Department of Laboratory Animals, College of Medicine, Catholic University of Korea (Permit Number: 2023-0110-04), following NIH guidelines. All research involving human participants complied with the ethical standards of the appropriate institutional and\/or national committees, as well as the 1964 Declaration of Helsinki and its subsequent revisions or equivalent standards (Approval numbers: KC17TNSI0237, Approval date: 2024.04.05).","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval"}},{"value":"All authors have approved the publication of this manuscript.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}},{"value":"Tae Ho Kim, Chae Rim Lee, Kyoung Min Choi, Soon Won Choi, Seon-Yeong Lee, A Ram Lee, Jaechul Ryu, Jung Won Choi, Young Mi Moon, Joonhyuck Park, Haeyoun Choi contributed equally to this work.","order":5,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"<!--Emphasis Type='Bold' removed-->Author information"}}],"article-number":"133"}}