{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T07:39:01Z","timestamp":1790667541809,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,27]],"date-time":"2026-01-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1769472000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,18]],"date-time":"2026-02-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1771372800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":22,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Nanobiotechnol"],"DOI":"10.1186\/s12951-026-04067-0","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,27]],"date-time":"2026-01-27T06:24:19Z","timestamp":1769495059000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["OCTN2-targeted and ROS-responsive hybrid polymeric micelles for oral delivery of docetaxel"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"Haihan","family":"Sun","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jingxin","family":"Gou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaoshuang","family":"Bi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiayin","family":"Song","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Boyuan","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaoyu","family":"Jin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bowen","family":"Sui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiangqun","family":"Jin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,27]]},"reference":[{"issue":"16","key":"4067_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.202109189","volume":"34","author":"W Fan","year":"2022","unstructured":"Fan W, Wei Q, Xiang J, et al. Mucus penetrating and cell-binding polyzwitterionic micelles as potent oral nanomedicine for cancer drug delivery. Adv Mater. 2022;34(16):e2109189.","journal-title":"Adv Mater"},{"key":"4067_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e114463","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addr.2022.114463","volume":"188","author":"Y Cai","year":"2022","unstructured":"Cai Y, Qi J, Lu Y, et al. The in vivo fate of polymeric micelles [J]. Adv Drug Deliv Rev. 2022;188:e114463.","journal-title":"Adv Drug Deliv Rev"},{"key":"4067_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e113831","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2025.113831","volume":"383","author":"H Sun","year":"2025","unstructured":"Sun H, Zhao J, Liu B, et al. Integrity of polymeric micelles regulates bioavailability of cyclosporine A: A FRET-based analysis during oral delivery [J]. J Control Release. 2025;383:e113831.","journal-title":"J Control Release"},{"issue":"8","key":"4067_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2449","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2020.12.022","volume":"11","author":"Z Zhang","year":"2021","unstructured":"Zhang Z, Lu Y, Qi J, et al. An update on oral drug delivery via intestinal lymphatic transport. Acta Pharm Sin B. 2021;11(8):2449\u201368.","journal-title":"Acta Pharm Sin B"},{"issue":"11","key":"4067_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/anie.202316900","volume":"63","author":"D Huang","year":"2024","unstructured":"Huang D, Tan Y, Tang J, et al. Transcytosis-based renal tubular reabsorption of luminescent gold nanoparticles for enhanced tumor imaging. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl. 2024;63(11):e202316900.","journal-title":"Angew Chem Int Ed Engl"},{"issue":"12","key":"4067_CR6","first-page":"CD013601","volume":"12","author":"N Nishioka","year":"2022","unstructured":"Nishioka N, Luo Y, Taniguchi T, et al. Carnitine supplements for people with chronic kidney disease requiring Dialysis [J]. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2022;12(12):CD013601.","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"4067_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejpb.2024.114185","volume":"196","author":"W Li","year":"2024","unstructured":"Li W, Zhang Y, Zhao J, et al. L-carnitine modified nanoparticles target the OCTN2 transporter to improve the oral absorption of jujuboside B. Eur J Pharm Biopharm. 2024;196:e114185.","journal-title":"Eur J Pharm Biopharm"},{"issue":"17","key":"4067_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adhm.201700165","volume":"6","author":"L Kou","year":"2017","unstructured":"Kou L, Yao Q, Sun M, et al. Cotransporting ion is a trigger for cellular endocytosis of transporter-targeting nanoparticles: a case study of high-efficiency SLC22A5 (OCTN2)-mediated carnitine-conjugated nanoparticles for oral delivery of therapeutic drugs. Adv Healthc Mater. 2017;6(17):e1700165.","journal-title":"Adv Healthc Mater"},{"issue":"4","key":"4067_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2146","DOI":"10.1021\/acsbiomaterials.0c00020","volume":"6","author":"C He","year":"2020","unstructured":"He C, Jin Y, Deng Y, et al. Efficient oral delivery of poorly water-soluble drugs using carnitine\/organic cation transporter 2-mediated polymeric micelles. ACS Biomater Sci Eng. 2020;6(4):2146\u201358.","journal-title":"ACS Biomater Sci Eng"},{"issue":"10","key":"4067_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"760","DOI":"10.1038\/s41571-025-01059-1","volume":"22","author":"M Ge","year":"2025","unstructured":"Ge M, Chen XY, Huang P, et al. Understanding and overcoming multidrug resistance in cancer. Nat Rev Clin Oncol. 2025;22(10):760\u201380.","journal-title":"Nat Rev Clin Oncol"},{"issue":"1","key":"4067_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1684","DOI":"10.1080\/10717544.2022.2079771","volume":"29","author":"C Wang","year":"2022","unstructured":"Wang C, Li F, Zhang T, et al. Recent advances in anti-multidrug resistance for nano-drug delivery system [J]. Drug Deliv. 2022;29(1):1684\u201397.","journal-title":"Drug Deliv"},{"issue":"25","key":"4067_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/smll.202310018","volume":"20","author":"L Yao","year":"2024","unstructured":"Yao L, Zhu X, Shan Y, et al. Recent progress in anti-tumor nanodrugs based on tumor microenvironment redox regulation. Small. 2024;20(25):e2310018.","journal-title":"Small"},{"issue":"7","key":"4067_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/metabo13070796","volume":"13","author":"Y Zhao","year":"2023","unstructured":"Zhao Y, Ye X, Xiong Z, et al. Cancer metabolism: the role of ROS in DNA damage and induction of apoptosis in cancer cells. Metabolites. 2023;13(7):796.","journal-title":"Metabolites"},{"issue":"1","key":"4067_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1208\/s12249-024-03011-5","volume":"26","author":"A Chauhan","year":"2024","unstructured":"Chauhan A, Kamal R, Bhatia R, et al. From bench to bedside: ROS-responsive nanocarriers in cancer therapy. AAPS PharmSciTech. 2024;26(1):10.","journal-title":"AAPS PharmSciTech"},{"issue":"45","key":"4067_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e2402502","DOI":"10.1002\/smll.202402502","volume":"20","author":"AS Barros","year":"2024","unstructured":"Barros AS, Pinto S, Viegas J, et al. Orally delivered Stimulus-Sensitive nanomedicine to Harness teduglutide efficacy in inflammatory bowel disease [J]. Small. 2024;20(45):e2402502.","journal-title":"Small"},{"issue":"3","key":"4067_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"400","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers13030400","volume":"13","author":"AR Sa","year":"2021","unstructured":"Sa AR, Mohd Gazzali A, Fisol FA, et al. Advances in nanocarriers for effective delivery of docetaxel in the treatment of lung cancer: an overview [J]. Cancers (Basel). 2021;13(3):400.","journal-title":"Cancers (Basel)"},{"key":"4067_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"734","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2023.07.026","volume":"360","author":"C Guo","year":"2023","unstructured":"Guo C, Yuan H, Yu Y, et al. FRET-based analysis on the structural stability of polymeric micelles: another key attribute beyond PEG coverage and particle size affecting the blood clearance. J Control Release. 2023;360:734\u201346.","journal-title":"J Control Release"},{"issue":"8","key":"4067_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e127690","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2023.127690","volume":"253","author":"Z Liu","year":"2023","unstructured":"Liu Z, Liu Y, Liu H, et al. Design of carboxymethylcellulose-conjugated polymeric prodrug micelles for enhanced in vivo performance of docetaxel [J]. Int J Biol Macromol. 2023;253(8):e127690.","journal-title":"Int J Biol Macromol"},{"issue":"37","key":"4067_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"15899","DOI":"10.1039\/D1NR04278E","volume":"13","author":"G Dai","year":"2021","unstructured":"Dai G, Chu JCH, Chan CKW, et al. Reactive oxygen species-responsive polydopamine nanoparticles for targeted and synergistic chemo and photodynamic anticancer therapy. Nanoscale. 2021;13(37):15899\u2013915.","journal-title":"Nanoscale"},{"key":"4067_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.carbpol.2025.123375","volume":"356","author":"S Nayak","year":"2025","unstructured":"Nayak S, Caz N, Derveaux E, et al. Reactive oxygen species responsive dextran-thioketal conjugate nanocarriers for the delivery of hydrophilic payloads. Carbohydr Polym. 2025;356:e123375.","journal-title":"Carbohydr Polym"},{"issue":"32","key":"4067_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"21091","DOI":"10.1021\/acsnano.4c02560","volume":"18","author":"P Xiao","year":"2024","unstructured":"Xiao P, Wang H, Liu H, et al. Milk exosome-liposome hybrid vesicles with self-adapting surface properties overcome the sequential absorption barriers for oral delivery of peptides. ACS Nano. 2024;18(32):21091\u2013111.","journal-title":"ACS Nano"},{"key":"4067_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"540","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2022.10.031","volume":"352","author":"C Li","year":"2022","unstructured":"Li C, Yuan L, Zhang X, et al. Core-shell nanosystems designed for effective oral delivery of polypeptide drugs. J Control Release. 2022;352:540\u201355.","journal-title":"J Control Release"},{"key":"4067_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2019.08.027","volume":"311","author":"KS Kim","year":"2019","unstructured":"Kim KS, Youn YS, Bae YH. Immune-triggered cancer treatment by intestinal lymphatic delivery of docetaxel-loaded nanoparticle [J]. J Control Release. 2019;311:85\u201395.","journal-title":"J Control Release"},{"key":"4067_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biomaterials.2023.122191","volume":"300","author":"FA Chapa-villarreal","year":"2023","unstructured":"Chapa-villarreal FA, Miller M, Rodriguez-cruz JJ, et al. Self-assembled block copolymer biomaterials for oral delivery of protein therapeutics. Biomaterials. 2023;300:e122191.","journal-title":"Biomaterials"},{"key":"4067_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"555","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2018.01.185","volume":"112","author":"S Lousinian","year":"2018","unstructured":"Lousinian S, Mackie AR, Rigby NM, et al. Microcalorimetry of the intestinal mucus: hydrogen bonding and self-assembly of mucin [J]. Int J Biol Macromol. 2018;112:555\u201360.","journal-title":"Int J Biol Macromol"},{"key":"4067_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"350","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpba.2017.06.072","volume":"147","author":"M Jug","year":"2018","unstructured":"Jug M, Hafner A, Lovric J, et al. An overview of in vitro dissolution\/release methods for novel mucosal drug delivery systems [J]. J Pharm Biomed Anal. 2018;147:350\u201366.","journal-title":"J Pharm Biomed Anal"},{"issue":"44","key":"4067_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"51650","DOI":"10.1021\/acsami.3c07658","volume":"15","author":"K Liu","year":"2023","unstructured":"Liu K, Chen Y, Yang D, et al. Betaine-based and polyguanidine-inserted zwitterionic micelle as a promising platform to conquer the intestinal mucosal barrier. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces. 2023;15(44):51650\u201362.","journal-title":"ACS Appl Mater Interfaces"},{"issue":"18","key":"4067_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6596","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0707046105","volume":"105","author":"H Chen","year":"2008","unstructured":"Chen H, Kim S, Li L, et al. Release of hydrophobic molecules from polymer micelles into cell membranes revealed by forster resonance energy transfer imaging. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2008;105(18):6596\u2013601.","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"4067_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2021.02.016","volume":"332","author":"B Ghosh","year":"2021","unstructured":"Ghosh B, Biswas S. Polymeric micelles in cancer therapy: state of the art. J Control Release. 2021;332:127\u201347.","journal-title":"J Control Release"},{"key":"4067_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addr.2021.05.005","volume":"175","author":"Y Xu","year":"2021","unstructured":"Xu Y, Shrestha N, Preat V, et al. An overview of in vitro, ex vivo and in vivo models for studying the transport of drugs across intestinal barriers. Adv Drug Deliv Rev. 2021;175:e113795.","journal-title":"Adv Drug Deliv Rev"},{"issue":"12","key":"4067_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1411","DOI":"10.1038\/s41551-021-00826-6","volume":"5","author":"K Lei","year":"2021","unstructured":"Lei K, Kurum A, Kaynak M, et al. Cancer-cell stiffening via cholesterol depletion enhances adoptive T-cell immunotherapy. Nat Biomed Eng. 2021;5(12):1411\u201325.","journal-title":"Nat Biomed Eng"},{"issue":"11","key":"4067_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"493","DOI":"10.1016\/S1470-2045(14)70263-3","volume":"15","author":"CI Diakos","year":"2014","unstructured":"Diakos CI, Charles KA, Mcmillan DC, et al. Cancer-related inflammation and treatment effectiveness [J]. Lancet Oncol. 2014;15(11):493\u2013503.","journal-title":"Lancet Oncol"},{"key":"4067_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2015.08.109","volume":"213","author":"J Maiuolo","year":"2016","unstructured":"Maiuolo J, Oppedisano F, Gratteri S, et al. Regulation of uric acid metabolism and excretion. Int J Cardiol. 2016;213:8\u201314.","journal-title":"Int J Cardiol"},{"key":"4067_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"312","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2021.02.031","volume":"332","author":"M Ghezzi","year":"2021","unstructured":"Ghezzi M, Pescina S, Padula C, et al. Polymeric micelles in drug delivery: an insight of the techniques for their characterization and assessment in biorelevant conditions [J]. J Control Release. 2021;332:312\u201336.","journal-title":"J Control Release"},{"key":"4067_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biomaterials.2017.01.010","volume":"122","author":"Q Zeng","year":"2017","unstructured":"Zeng Q, Li H, Jiang H, et al. Tailoring polymeric hybrid micelles with lymph node targeting ability to improve the potency of cancer vaccines. Biomaterials. 2017;122:105\u201313.","journal-title":"Biomaterials"},{"key":"4067_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejps.2022.106231","volume":"175","author":"X Wang","year":"2022","unstructured":"Wang X, Liu Y, Hu Y, et al. Hybrid micelles loaded with chemotherapeutic drug-photothermal agent realizing chemo-photothermal synergistic cancer therapy. Eur J Pharm Sci. 2022;175:e106231.","journal-title":"Eur J Pharm Sci"},{"issue":"21","key":"4067_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7183","DOI":"10.1039\/D1BM01158H","volume":"9","author":"X Liu","year":"2021","unstructured":"Liu X, Liu W, Lu J, et al. Hybrid micelles enhance tumour therapy by remodelling biodistribution and improving intracellular drug release. Biomater Sci. 2021;9(21):7183\u201393.","journal-title":"Biomater Sci"},{"issue":"50","key":"4067_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"14628","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.langmuir.1c02298","volume":"37","author":"B Lei","year":"2021","unstructured":"Lei B, Sun M, Chen M, et al. pH and temperature double-switch hybrid micelles for controllable drug release. Langmuir. 2021;37(50):14628\u201337.","journal-title":"Langmuir"},{"issue":"11","key":"4067_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3750","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.molpharmaceut.7b00503","volume":"14","author":"J Gou","year":"2017","unstructured":"Gou J, Feng S, Liang Y, et al. Polyester-solid lipid mixed nanoparticles with improved stability in gastro-intestinal tract facilitated oral delivery of larotaxel. Mol Pharm. 2017;14(11):3750\u201361.","journal-title":"Mol Pharm"}],"container-title":["Journal of Nanobiotechnology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s12951-026-04067-0","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12951-026-04067-0.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12951-026-04067-0.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,18]],"date-time":"2026-02-18T14:30:33Z","timestamp":1771425033000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1186\/s12951-026-04067-0"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,27]]},"references-count":39,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]}},"alternative-id":["4067"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12951-026-04067-0","relation":{},"ISSN":["1477-3155"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1477-3155","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,27]]},"assertion":[{"value":"3 November 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"15 January 2026","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"27 January 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"182"}}