{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,1]],"date-time":"2026-11-01T06:41:12Z","timestamp":1793515272057,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":63,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,11]],"date-time":"2026-03-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1773187200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,17]],"date-time":"2026-04-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1776384000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":37,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012166","name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012166","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Nanobiotechnol"],"DOI":"10.1186\/s12951-026-04221-8","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,11]],"date-time":"2026-03-11T09:24:19Z","timestamp":1773221059000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Dissolvable silk microneedles delivering minocycline-loaded ZIF-8 nanoparticles for targeted modulation of sebocyte metabolism and improved acne therapy"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"Xuefan","family":"Yang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dandan","family":"Ruan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Feng","family":"Ye","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xinlan","family":"Qiu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sitong","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lei","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christos C","family":"Zouboulis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaohui","family":"Mo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiping","family":"Jiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qiang","family":"Ju","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,11]]},"reference":[{"issue":"2","key":"4221_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.1111\/bjd.19477","volume":"184","author":"AM Layton","year":"2021","unstructured":"Layton AM, Thiboutot D, Tan J. Reviewing the global burden of acne: how could we improve care to reduce the burden? Br J Dermatol. 2021;184(2):219\u201325.","journal-title":"Br J Dermatol"},{"key":"4221_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"f2634","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.f2634","volume":"346","author":"AL Dawson","year":"2013","unstructured":"Dawson AL, Dellavalle RP. Acne vulgaris. BMJ. 2013;346:f2634.","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"issue":"5","key":"4221_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"167195","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbadis.2024.167195","volume":"1870","author":"Z Wei","year":"2024","unstructured":"Wei Z, Gao M, Liu Y, Zeng R, Liu J, Sun S, et al. TRPV3 promotes sebocyte inflammation via transcriptional modulating TLR2 in acne. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis. 2024;1870(5):167195.","journal-title":"Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis"},{"issue":"1","key":"4221_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1521","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-024-51931-w","volume":"14","author":"H Yu","year":"2024","unstructured":"Yu H, Zhang B, Zhan Y, Yi Y, Jiang Q, Zhang Q et al. Neutrophil extracellular trap-related mechanisms in acne vulgaris inspire a novel treatment strategy with adipose-derived stem cells. Sci Rep. 2024;14(1):1521.","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"issue":"3","key":"4221_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"621","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jid.2015.12.024","volume":"136","author":"X Xia","year":"2016","unstructured":"Xia X, Li Z, Liu K, Wu Y, Jiang D, Lai Y. Staphylococcal LTA-Induced miR-143 Inhibits Propionibacterium acnes-Mediated Inflammatory Response in Skin. J Invest Dermatol. 2016;136(3):621\u201330.","journal-title":"J Invest Dermatol"},{"issue":"9","key":"4221_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"840","DOI":"10.1111\/exd.14172","volume":"29","author":"CC Zouboulis","year":"2020","unstructured":"Zouboulis CC. Endocrinology and immunology of acne: Two sides of the same coin. Exp Dermatol. 2020;29(9):840\u201359.","journal-title":"Exp Dermatol"},{"key":"4221_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"371","DOI":"10.2147\/CCID.S69135","volume":"8","author":"BC Melnik","year":"2015","unstructured":"Melnik BC. Linking diet to acne metabolomics, inflammation, and comedogenesis: an update. Clin Cosmet Investig Dermatol. 2015;8:371\u201388.","journal-title":"Clin Cosmet Investig Dermatol"},{"issue":"8","key":"4221_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1325","DOI":"10.1111\/jdv.18079","volume":"36","author":"HS Shin","year":"2022","unstructured":"Shin HS, Zouboulis CC, Kim MK, Lee DH, Chung JH. Minocycline suppresses lipogenesis via inhibition of p300 histone acetyltransferase activity in human SZ95 sebocytes. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol. 2022;36(8):1325\u201333.","journal-title":"J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol"},{"issue":"4","key":"4221_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"255","DOI":"10.2340\/0001555577255259","volume":"77","author":"I Bodokh","year":"1997","unstructured":"Bodokh I, Jacomet Y, Lacour JP, Ortonne JP. Minocycline induces an increase in the number of excreting pilosebaceous follicles in acne vulgaris. A randomised study. Acta dermato-venereologica. 1997;77(4):255\u20139.","journal-title":"Acta dermato-venereologica"},{"key":"4221_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1033980","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2022.1033980","volume":"9","author":"A Grada","year":"2022","unstructured":"Grada A, Del Rosso JQ, Moore AY, Stein Gold L, Harper J, Damiani G, et al. Reduced blood-brain barrier penetration of acne vulgaris antibiotic sarecycline compared to minocycline corresponds with lower lipophilicity. Front Med (Lausanne). 2022;9:1033980.","journal-title":"Front Med (Lausanne)"},{"key":"4221_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"186","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2022.05.045","volume":"348","author":"Z Sartawi","year":"2022","unstructured":"Sartawi Z, Blackshields C, Faisal W. Dissolving microneedles: Applications and growing therapeutic potential. J Control Release. 2022;348:186\u2013205.","journal-title":"J Control Release"},{"issue":"17","key":"4221_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"21595","DOI":"10.1021\/acsami.4c01790","volume":"16","author":"Q Wang","year":"2024","unstructured":"Wang Q, Gan Z, Wang X, Li X, Zhao L, Li D, et al. Dissolving Hyaluronic Acid-Based Microneedles to Transdermally Deliver Eugenol Combined with Photothermal Therapy for Acne Vulgaris Treatment. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces. 2024;16(17):21595\u2013609.","journal-title":"ACS Appl Mater Interfaces"},{"issue":"4","key":"4221_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"457","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addr.2012.09.043","volume":"65","author":"B Kundu","year":"2013","unstructured":"Kundu B, Rajkhowa R, Kundu SC, Wang X. Silk fibroin biomaterials for tissue regenerations. Adv Drug Deliv Rev. 2013;65(4):457\u201370.","journal-title":"Adv Drug Deliv Rev"},{"issue":"23","key":"4221_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6906","DOI":"10.1039\/c2dt30357d","volume":"41","author":"CY Sun","year":"2012","unstructured":"Sun CY, Qin C, Wang XL, Yang GS, Shao KZ, Lan YQ, et al. Zeolitic Imidazolate framework-8 as efficient pH-sensitive drug delivery vehicle. Dalton Trans. 2012;41(23):6906\u20139.","journal-title":"Dalton Trans"},{"issue":"6","key":"4221_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1011","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1523-1747.1999.00771.x","volume":"113","author":"CC Zouboulis","year":"1999","unstructured":"Zouboulis CC, Seltmann H, Neitzel H, Orfanos CE. Establishment and characterization of an immortalized human sebaceous gland cell line (SZ95). J Invest Dermatol. 1999;113(6):1011\u201320.","journal-title":"J Invest Dermatol"},{"issue":"28","key":"4221_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"36077","DOI":"10.1021\/acsami.4c05722","volume":"16","author":"Y Li","year":"2024","unstructured":"Li Y, Xu C, Mao J, Mao L, Li W, Liu Z, et al. ZIF-8-based Nanoparticles for Inflammation Treatment and Oxidative Stress Reduction in Periodontitis. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces. 2024;16(28):36077\u201394.","journal-title":"ACS Appl Mater Interfaces"},{"issue":"21","key":"4221_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e2203295","DOI":"10.1002\/adhm.202203295","volume":"12","author":"H Lv","year":"2023","unstructured":"Lv H, Gao N, Zhou Q, Wang Y, Ling G, Zhang P. Collagen-Based Dissolving Microneedles with Flexible Pedestals: A Transdermal Delivery System for Both Anti-Aging and Skin Diseases. Adv Healthc Mater. 2023;12(21):e2203295.","journal-title":"Adv Healthc Mater"},{"key":"4221_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"112639","DOI":"10.1016\/j.matdes.2024.112639","volume":"238","author":"J Zhang","year":"2024","unstructured":"Zhang J, Guo P, Qiu M, Zhong G, Yang Q, Lei P et al. A novel natural polysaccharide dissolving microneedle capable of adsorbing pus to load EGCG for the treatment of acne vulgaris. Mater Design. 2024;238:112639.","journal-title":"Mater Design"},{"key":"4221_CR19","first-page":"100047","volume":"2","author":"AD Permana","year":"2020","unstructured":"Permana AD, Mir M, Utomo E, Donnelly RF. Bacterially sensitive nanoparticle-based dissolving microneedles of doxycycline for enhanced treatment of bacterial biofilm skin infection: A proof of concept study. Int J Pharm X. 2020;2:100047.","journal-title":"Int J Pharm X"},{"issue":"10","key":"4221_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"15035","DOI":"10.1021\/acsami.4c21589","volume":"17","author":"K Tian","year":"2025","unstructured":"Tian K, Wu P, Gao S, Xu C, Xu W, Jia Z, et al. A Deferoxamine-Loaded Microneedle Patch Enhances Healing of Radiation-Induced Skin Injury: Potential Involvement of Ferroptosis. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces. 2025;17(10):15035\u201349.","journal-title":"ACS Appl Mater Interfaces"},{"issue":"1","key":"4221_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1005","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-023-36694-8","volume":"14","author":"A Rimon","year":"2023","unstructured":"Rimon A, Rakov C, Lerer V, Sheffer-Levi S, Oren SA, Shlomov T, et al. Topical phage therapy in a mouse model of Cutibacterium acnes-induced acne-like lesions. Nat Commun. 2023;14(1):1005.","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"4221_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"136","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actbio.2020.08.023","volume":"115","author":"T Zhang","year":"2020","unstructured":"Zhang T, Sun B, Guo J, Wang M, Cui H, Mao H, et al. Active pharmaceutical ingredient poly(ionic liquid)-based microneedles for the treatment of skin acne infection. Acta Biomater. 2020;115:136\u201347.","journal-title":"Acta Biomater"},{"key":"4221_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1518382","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2025.1518382","volume":"12","author":"JY Hong","year":"2025","unstructured":"Hong JY, Choi YH, Roh YJ, Lee MK, Zouboulis CC, Park KY. Effect of afzelin on inflammation and lipogenesis in particulate matter-stimulated C. acnes-treated SZ95 sebocytes. Front Med (Lausanne). 2025;12:1518382.","journal-title":"Front Med (Lausanne)"},{"issue":"1","key":"4221_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-2494.2008.00468.x","volume":"31","author":"PW Wertz","year":"2009","unstructured":"Wertz PW. Human synthetic sebum formulation and stability under conditions of use and storage. Int J Cosmet Sci. 2009;31(1):21\u20135.","journal-title":"Int J Cosmet Sci"},{"issue":"10","key":"4221_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"eadf0854","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.adf0854","volume":"9","author":"Y Xiang","year":"2023","unstructured":"Xiang Y, Lu J, Mao C, Zhu Y, Wang C, Wu J, Liu X, Wu S, Kwan KY, Cheung KM, Yeung KW. Ultrasound-triggered interfacial engineering-based microneedle for bacterial infection acne treatment. Sci Adv. 2023;9(10):eadf0854.","journal-title":"Sci Adv"},{"issue":"4","key":"4221_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.3109\/09546639809160698","volume":"9","author":"S O\u2019Brien","year":"2009","unstructured":"O\u2019Brien S, Lewis J, Cunliffe W. The Leeds revised acne grading system. J Dermatological Treat. 2009;9(4):215\u201320.","journal-title":"J Dermatological Treat"},{"key":"4221_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100678","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mtbio.2023.100678","volume":"20","author":"R Tang","year":"2023","unstructured":"Tang R, Ren Y, Zhang Y, Yin M, Ren X, Zhu Q, et al. Glucose-driven transformable complex eliminates biofilm and alleviates inflamm-aging for diabetic periodontitis therapy. Mater Today Bio. 2023;20:100678.","journal-title":"Mater Today Bio"},{"key":"4221_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Paula M, Barros A, Wanderley K, de S\u00e1 G, Eberlin M, Soares T et al. Metal Organic Frameworks for Selective Degradation of Amoxicillin in Biomedical Wastes. J Braz Chem Soc. 2018;2127\u20132136.","DOI":"10.21577\/0103-5053.20180087"},{"issue":"41","key":"4221_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"48433","DOI":"10.1021\/acsami.1c15673","volume":"13","author":"T Wen","year":"2021","unstructured":"Wen T, Lin Z, Zhao Y, Zhou Y, Niu B, Shi C, et al. Bioresponsive Nanoarchitectonics-Integrated Microneedles for Amplified Chemo-Photodynamic Therapy against Acne Vulgaris. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces. 2021;13(41):48433\u201348.","journal-title":"ACS Appl Mater Interfaces"},{"issue":"20","key":"4221_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2402749","DOI":"10.1002\/adem.202402749","volume":"27","author":"MS Tahamtan","year":"2025","unstructured":"Tahamtan MS, Rafiee Z, Oryan A, Vaez A. Application of the ZIF-8\u2010Based Composites in Bone Scaffolds. Adv Eng Mater. 2025;27(20):2402749.","journal-title":"Adv Eng Mater"},{"issue":"1","key":"4221_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"21237","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-77790-9","volume":"10","author":"K Nakamura","year":"2020","unstructured":"Nakamura K, O\u2019Neill AM, Williams MR, Cau L, Nakatsuji T, Horswill AR, et al. Short chain fatty acids produced by Cutibacterium acnes inhibit biofilm formation by Staphylococcus epidermidis. Sci Rep. 2020;10(1):21237.","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"4221_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1575635","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2025.1575635","volume":"16","author":"H Fan","year":"2025","unstructured":"Fan H, Liao R, Yang Y, Xing Y, Zhang C, Luo X, et al. Biodegradable sustained-release microneedle patch loaded with clindamycin hydrochloride: a breakthrough in acne management. Front Pharmacol. 2025;16:1575635.","journal-title":"Front Pharmacol"},{"issue":"22","key":"4221_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e2300576","DOI":"10.1002\/advs.202300576","volume":"10","author":"S Li","year":"2023","unstructured":"Li S, Wang X, Yan Z, Wang T, Chen Z, Song H, et al. Microneedle Patches with Antimicrobial and Immunomodulating Properties for Infected Wound Healing. Adv Sci (Weinh). 2023;10(22):e2300576.","journal-title":"Adv Sci (Weinh)"},{"issue":"5","key":"4221_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"401","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2842.2002.00893.x","volume":"29","author":"TL Heil","year":"2002","unstructured":"Heil TL, Volkmann KR, Wataha JC, Lockwood PE. Human peripheral blood monocytes versus THP-1 monocytes for in vitro biocompatibility testing of dental material components. J Oral Rehabil. 2002;29(5):401\u20137.","journal-title":"J Oral Rehabil"},{"issue":"8","key":"4221_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1632","DOI":"10.1016\/j.msec.2011.06.010","volume":"31","author":"X You","year":"2011","unstructured":"You X, Chang J-h, Ju B-K, Pak JJ. Rapidly dissolving fibroin microneedles for transdermal drug delivery. Mater Sci Engineering: C. 2011;31(8):1632\u20136.","journal-title":"Mater Sci Engineering: C"},{"issue":"Pt B","key":"4221_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"122976","DOI":"10.1016\/j.carbpol.2024.122976","volume":"349","author":"YW Song","year":"2025","unstructured":"Song YW, Nam J, Kim J, Lee Y, Choi J, Min HS et al. Hyaluronic acid-based minocycline-loaded dissolving microneedle: Innovation in local minocycline delivery for periodontitis. Carbohydr Polym. 2025;349(Pt B):122976.","journal-title":"Carbohydr Polym"},{"issue":"1","key":"4221_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1007\/s40820-021-00611-9","volume":"13","author":"P Makvandi","year":"2021","unstructured":"Makvandi P, Kirkby M, Hutton ARJ, Shabani M, Yiu CKY, Baghbantaraghdari Z et al. Engineering microneedle patches for improved Penetration: Analysis, skin models and factors affecting needle insertion. Nano-Micro Lett. 2021;13(1):93.","journal-title":"Nano-Micro Lett"},{"issue":"6","key":"4221_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3422","DOI":"10.1021\/acsbiomaterials.0c00273","volume":"6","author":"M Zhu","year":"2020","unstructured":"Zhu M, Liu Y, Jiang F, Cao J, Kundu SC, Lu S. Combined Silk Fibroin Microneedles for Insulin Delivery. ACS Biomater Sci Eng. 2020;6(6):3422\u20139.","journal-title":"ACS Biomater Sci Eng"},{"issue":"6","key":"4221_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"727","DOI":"10.3390\/pharmaceutics17060727","volume":"17","author":"SM Abudoleh","year":"2025","unstructured":"Abudoleh SM, Abu Ershaid JM, Lafi D, Dahshan NA, Talhouni A, Abuirmeileh A. Minocycline Nanocrystals: A New Approach for Treating Acne with Reduced Systemic Side Effects. Pharmaceutics. 2025;17(6):727.","journal-title":"Pharmaceutics"},{"issue":"10","key":"4221_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1369","DOI":"10.3390\/polym17101369","volume":"17","author":"E Balliana","year":"2025","unstructured":"Balliana E, Marchand M, Di Matteo V, Ballarin B, Cassani MC, Panzavolta S et al. Application of Zinc-Based Metal-Organic Framework ZIF-8 on Paper: A Pilot Study on Visual Appearance and Effectiveness. Polym (Basel). 2025;17(10):1369.","journal-title":"Polym (Basel)"},{"key":"4221_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"106202","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejps.2022.106202","volume":"174","author":"NN Al-Rawi","year":"2022","unstructured":"Al-Rawi NN, Rawas-Qalaji M. Dissolving microneedles with antibacterial functionalities: A systematic review of laboratory studies. Eur J Pharm Sci. 2022;174:106202.","journal-title":"Eur J Pharm Sci"},{"issue":"1","key":"4221_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"923","DOI":"10.1038\/s42003-022-03897-6","volume":"5","author":"CM Ahle","year":"2022","unstructured":"Ahle CM, Stodkilde K, Poehlein A, Bomeke M, Streit WR, Wenck H, et al. Interference and co-existence of staphylococci and Cutibacterium acnes within the healthy human skin microbiome. Commun Biol. 2022;5(1):923.","journal-title":"Commun Biol"},{"issue":"1","key":"4221_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"156","DOI":"10.1007\/s00403-024-03581-1","volume":"317","author":"THP Manurung","year":"2024","unstructured":"Manurung THP, Sitohang IBS, Agustin T. Staphylococcus caprae and Staphylococcus epidermidis define the skin microbiome among different grades of acne vulgaris. Arch Dermatol Res. 2024;317(1):156.","journal-title":"Arch Dermatol Res"},{"key":"4221_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1029818","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2022.1029818","volume":"13","author":"CC Zouboulis","year":"2022","unstructured":"Zouboulis CC, Coenye T, He L, Kabashima K, Kobayashi T, Niemann C et al. Sebaceous immunobiology - skin homeostasis, pathophysiology, coordination of innate immunity and inflammatory response and disease associations. Front Immunol. 2022;13:1029818.","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"issue":"4","key":"4221_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"691","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2006.05.049","volume":"55","author":"WR Heymann","year":"2006","unstructured":"Heymann WR. Toll-like receptors in acne vulgaris. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2006;55(4):691\u20132.","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"issue":"6","key":"4221_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"445","DOI":"10.1159\/000502203","volume":"235","author":"X Li","year":"2019","unstructured":"Li X, Jia Y, Wang S, Meng T, Zhu M. Identification of Genes and Pathways Associated with Acne Using Integrated Bioinformatics Methods. Dermatology. 2019;235(6):445\u201355.","journal-title":"Dermatology"},{"issue":"1","key":"4221_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1038\/s41420-023-01787-2","volume":"10","author":"S Li","year":"2024","unstructured":"Li S, Ying S, Wang Y, Lv Y, Qiao J, Fang H. Neutrophil extracellular traps and neutrophilic dermatosis: an update review. Cell Death Discovery. 2024;10(1):18.","journal-title":"Cell Death Discovery"},{"issue":"8","key":"4221_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e105238","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0105238","volume":"9","author":"P Bob\u00e9","year":"2014","unstructured":"Bob\u00e9 P, Kelh\u00e4l\u00e4 H-L, Palatsi R, Fyhrquist N, Lehtim\u00e4ki S, V\u00e4yrynen JP et al. IL-17\/Th17 Pathway Is Activated in Acne Lesions. PLoS ONE. 2014;9(8):e105238.","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"issue":"1","key":"4221_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.1186\/s12967-017-1297-2","volume":"15","author":"BC Melnik","year":"2017","unstructured":"Melnik BC. p53: key conductor of all anti-acne therapies. J Transl Med. 2017;15(1):195.","journal-title":"J Transl Med"},{"issue":"5","key":"4221_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"792","DOI":"10.1159\/000510885","volume":"237","author":"CC Zouboulis","year":"2021","unstructured":"Zouboulis CC, Ni Raghallaigh S, Schmitz G, Powell FC. The Pro-Differentiation Effect of Doxycycline on Human SZ95 Sebocytes. Dermatology. 2021;237(5):792\u20136.","journal-title":"Dermatology"},{"key":"4221_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1291","DOI":"10.31661\/gmj.v8i0.1291","volume":"8","author":"S Kardeh","year":"2019","unstructured":"Kardeh S, Moein SA, Namazi MR, Kardeh B. Evidence for the Important Role of Oxidative Stress in the Pathogenesis of Acne. Galen Med J. 2019;8:e1291.","journal-title":"Galen Med J"},{"issue":"2","key":"4221_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"475","DOI":"10.5114\/aoms.2018.73520","volume":"15","author":"G Zhang","year":"2019","unstructured":"Zhang G, Zha J, Liu J, Di J. Minocycline impedes mitochondrial-dependent cell death and stabilizes expression of hypoxia inducible factor-1alpha in spinal cord injury. Arch Med Sci. 2019;15(2):475\u201383.","journal-title":"Arch Med Sci"},{"key":"4221_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"96","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bcp.2017.04.030","volume":"138","author":"A Mastrofrancesco","year":"2017","unstructured":"Mastrofrancesco A, Ottaviani M, Cardinali G, Flori E, Briganti S, Ludovici M, et al. Pharmacological PPARgamma modulation regulates sebogenesis and inflammation in SZ95 human sebocytes. Biochem Pharmacol. 2017;138:96\u2013106.","journal-title":"Biochem Pharmacol"},{"issue":"7","key":"4221_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"445","DOI":"10.1089\/wound.2013.0473","volume":"3","author":"I Pastar","year":"2014","unstructured":"Pastar I, Stojadinovic O, Yin NC, Ramirez H, Nusbaum AG, Sawaya A, et al. Epithelialization in Wound Healing: A Comprehensive Review. Adv Wound Care (New Rochelle). 2014;3(7):445\u201364.","journal-title":"Adv Wound Care (New Rochelle)"},{"key":"4221_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"893080","DOI":"10.1155\/2010\/893080","volume":"2010","author":"G Fabbrocini","year":"2010","unstructured":"Fabbrocini G, Annunziata MC, D\u2019Arco V, De Vita V, Lodi G, Mauriello MC, et al. Acne scars: pathogenesis, classification and treatment. Dermatol Res Pract. 2010;2010:893080.","journal-title":"Dermatol Res Pract"},{"issue":"1","key":"4221_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1002\/jbm.b.34098","volume":"107","author":"A Baba","year":"2019","unstructured":"Baba A, Matsushita S, Kitayama K, Asakura T, Sezutsu H, Tanimoto A, et al. Silk fibroin produced by transgenic silkworms overexpressing the Arg-Gly-Asp motif accelerates cutaneous wound healing in mice. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater. 2019;107(1):97\u2013103.","journal-title":"J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater"},{"issue":"5","key":"4221_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e856","DOI":"10.1097\/PRS.0000000000002633","volume":"138","author":"LT Daly","year":"2016","unstructured":"Daly LT, Tsai DM, Singh M, Nuutila K, Minasian RA, Lee CCY, et al. Topical Minocycline Effectively Decontaminates and Reduces Inflammation in Infected Porcine Wounds. Plast Reconstr Surg. 2016;138(5):e856\u201368.","journal-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg"},{"issue":"1","key":"4221_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.3390\/nu10010016","volume":"10","author":"PH Lin","year":"2017","unstructured":"Lin PH, Sermersheim M, Li H, Lee PHU, Steinberg SM, Ma J. Zinc in Wound Healing Modulation. Nutrients. 2017;10(1):16.","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"issue":"5","key":"4221_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e124687","DOI":"10.1172\/jci.insight.124687","volume":"4","author":"SL Kolar","year":"2019","unstructured":"Kolar SL, Tsai C-M, Torres J, Fan X, Li H, Liu GY. Propionibacterium acnes\u2013induced immunopathology correlates with health and disease association. JCI Insight. 2019;4(5):e124687.","journal-title":"JCI Insight"},{"issue":"2","key":"4221_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1293\/tox.2022-0103","volume":"36","author":"T Moroki","year":"2023","unstructured":"Moroki T. Morphological characteristics and notes of the skin in preclinical toxicity assessment. J Toxicol Pathol. 2023;36(2):85\u201394.","journal-title":"J Toxicol Pathol"},{"issue":"17","key":"4221_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1912","DOI":"10.21769\/BioProtoc.1912","volume":"6","author":"B Qiu","year":"2016","unstructured":"Qiu B, Simon MC. BODIPY 493\/503 Staining of Neutral Lipid Droplets for Microscopy and Quantification by Flow Cytometry. Bio Protoc. 2016;6(17):e1912.","journal-title":"Bio Protoc"},{"issue":"1","key":"4221_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2179334","DOI":"10.1080\/21623945.2023.2179334","volume":"12","author":"J Du","year":"2023","unstructured":"Du J, Zhao L, Kang Q, He Y, Bi Y. An optimized method for Oil Red O staining with the salicylic acid ethanol solution. Adipocyte. 2023;12(1):2179334.","journal-title":"Adipocyte"},{"issue":"6","key":"4221_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"728","DOI":"10.3390\/biom14060728","volume":"14","author":"S Briganti","year":"2024","unstructured":"Briganti S, Mosca S, Di Nardo A, Flori E, Ottaviani M. New Insights into the Role of PPARgamma in Skin Physiopathology. Biomolecules. 2024;14(6):728.","journal-title":"Biomolecules"}],"container-title":["Journal of Nanobiotechnology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s12951-026-04221-8","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12951-026-04221-8.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12951-026-04221-8.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,17]],"date-time":"2026-04-17T05:02:07Z","timestamp":1776402127000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1186\/s12951-026-04221-8"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,11]]},"references-count":63,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]}},"alternative-id":["4221"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12951-026-04221-8","relation":{},"ISSN":["1477-3155"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1477-3155","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,11]]},"assertion":[{"value":"16 October 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"16 February 2026","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"11 March 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"All procedures involving animals were reviewed and approved by the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee of Renji Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine (IACUC protocol number: RJ2025-068B).","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"All authors agree for publication.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"372"}}