{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,7]],"date-time":"2026-11-07T20:58:49Z","timestamp":1794085129404,"version":"4.8.0"},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,6]],"date-time":"2026-03-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1772755200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,14]],"date-time":"2026-04-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1776124800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":39,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003725","name":"National Research Foundation of Korea","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["RS-2023-00245318"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RS-2023-00245318"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003725","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003725","name":"National Research Foundation of Korea","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["RS-2018-NR031072"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RS-2018-NR031072"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003725","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Nanobiotechnol"],"DOI":"10.1186\/s12951-026-04233-4","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,6]],"date-time":"2026-03-06T09:38:15Z","timestamp":1772789895000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Leukemia-targeting NK cell nanoengagers effectively promote robust NK activation and potent anti-acute myeloid leukemia response"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"Hyo Jeong","family":"Kim","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Heejin","family":"Jun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hyun Bin","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Soomin","family":"Eom","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Junsu","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jun Pyo","family":"Jeon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sung Ho","family":"Park","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sebyung","family":"Kang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"4233_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"343","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.20.03106","volume":"39","author":"C Craddock","year":"2021","unstructured":"Craddock C, Friedberg JW. Immunotherapy for Hematologic Malignancies. J Clin Oncol. 2021;39:343\u20135.","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"key":"4233_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2912","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2005-05-2004","volume":"106","author":"ML Sorror","year":"2005","unstructured":"Sorror ML, Maris MB, Storb R, Baron F, Sandmaier BM, Maloney DG, et al. Hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT)-specific comorbidity index: a new tool for risk assessment before allogeneic HCT. Blood. 2005;106:2912\u20139.","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"4233_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"487","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2010.30.1820","volume":"29","author":"A Burnett","year":"2011","unstructured":"Burnett A, Wetzler M, Lowenberg B. Therapeutic advances in acute myeloid leukemia. J Clin Oncol. 2011;29:487\u201394.","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"key":"4233_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1136","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra1406184","volume":"373","author":"H Dohner","year":"2015","unstructured":"Dohner H, Weisdorf DJ, Bloomfield CD. Acute Myeloid Leukemia. N Engl J Med. 2015;373:1136\u201352.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"4233_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"882531","DOI":"10.3389\/fonc.2022.882531","volume":"12","author":"M Gomez-Llobell","year":"2022","unstructured":"Gomez-Llobell M, Peleteiro Raindo A, Climent Medina J, Gomez Centurion I, Mosquera Orgueira A. Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors in Acute Myeloid Leukemia: A Meta-Analysis. Front Oncol. 2022;12:882531.","journal-title":"Front Oncol"},{"key":"4233_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"677","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2019.01.008","volume":"176","author":"MF Sanmamed","year":"2019","unstructured":"Sanmamed MF, Chen L. A Paradigm Shift in Cancer Immunotherapy: From Enhancement to Normalization. Cell. 2019;176:677.","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"4233_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1843","DOI":"10.1038\/s41375-021-01253-x","volume":"35","author":"N Daver","year":"2021","unstructured":"Daver N, Alotaibi AS, Bucklein V, Subklewe M. T-cell-based immunotherapy of acute myeloid leukemia: current concepts and future developments. Leukemia. 2021;35:1843\u201363.","journal-title":"Leukemia"},{"key":"4233_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1572407","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2025.1572407","volume":"16","author":"Y Liu","year":"2025","unstructured":"Liu Y, Wang W, Wang C, Deng J, Hu Y, Mei H, et al. Recent advances of chimeric antigen receptor T-cell therapy for acute myeloid leukemia. Front Immunol. 2025;16:1572407.","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"4233_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1621885","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2025.1621885","volume":"16","author":"L Zhang","year":"2025","unstructured":"Zhang L, Zhao Y, Dong Y, Jiang X. NK cell-based immunotherapy strategies for myeloid leukemia. Front Immunol. 2025;16:1621885.","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"4233_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2375","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.188.12.2375","volume":"188","author":"L Zamai","year":"1998","unstructured":"Zamai L, Ahmad M, Bennett IM, Azzoni L, Alnemri ES, Perussia B. Natural killer (NK) cell-mediated cytotoxicity: Differential use of TRAIL and Fas ligand by immature and mature primary human NK cells. J Exp Med. 1998;188:2375\u201380.","journal-title":"J Exp Med"},{"key":"4233_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1038\/s41571-020-0426-7","volume":"18","author":"JA Myers","year":"2021","unstructured":"Myers JA, Miller JS. Exploring the NK cell platform for cancer immunotherapy. Nat Rev Clin Oncol. 2021;18:85\u2013100.","journal-title":"Nat Rev Clin Oncol"},{"key":"4233_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"90","DOI":"10.1038\/s41577-022-00732-1","volume":"23","author":"NK Wolf","year":"2023","unstructured":"Wolf NK, Kissiov DU, Raulet DH. Roles of natural killer cells in immunity to cancer, and applications to immunotherapy. Nat Rev Immunol. 2023;23:90\u2013105.","journal-title":"Nat Rev Immunol"},{"key":"4233_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"315","DOI":"10.1038\/s41423-024-01145-x","volume":"21","author":"A Page","year":"2024","unstructured":"Page A, Chuvin N, Valladeau-Guilemond J, Depil S. Development of NK cell-based cancer immunotherapies through receptor engineering. Cell Mol Immunol. 2024;21:315\u201331.","journal-title":"Cell Mol Immunol"},{"key":"4233_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"732135","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2021.732135","volume":"12","author":"EL Heipertz","year":"2021","unstructured":"Heipertz EL, Zynda ER, Stav-Noraas TE, Hungler AD, Boucher SE, Kaur N, et al. Current Perspectives on Off-The-Shelf Allogeneic NK and CAR-NK Cell Therapies. Front Immunol. 2021;12:732135.","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"4233_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"200","DOI":"10.1038\/s41573-019-0052-1","volume":"19","author":"N Shimasaki","year":"2020","unstructured":"Shimasaki N, Jain A, Campana D. NK cells for cancer immunotherapy. Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2020;19:200\u201318.","journal-title":"Nat Rev Drug Discov"},{"key":"4233_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.1186\/s13045-020-00996-x","volume":"13","author":"J Xu","year":"2020","unstructured":"Xu J, Niu T. Natural killer cell-based immunotherapy for acute myeloid leukemia. J Hematol Oncol. 2020;13:167.","journal-title":"J Hematol Oncol"},{"key":"4233_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1701","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2019.04.041","volume":"177","author":"L Gauthier","year":"2019","unstructured":"Gauthier L, Morel A, Anceriz N, Rossi B, Blanchard-Alvarez A, Grondin G, et al. Multifunctional natural killer cell engagers targeting NKp46 trigger protective tumor immunity. Cell. 2019;177:1701\u2013e1316.","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"4233_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1459","DOI":"10.1182\/bloodadvances.2017012369","volume":"2","author":"D Sarha","year":"2018","unstructured":"Sarha D, Brandt L, Felices M, Guldevall K, Lenvik T, Hinderlie P, et al. 161533 TriKE stimulates NK-cell function to overcome myeloid-derived suppressor cells in MDS. Blood Adv. 2018;2:1459\u201369.","journal-title":"Blood Adv"},{"key":"4233_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3368","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.201444515","volume":"44","author":"N Bhatnagar","year":"2014","unstructured":"Bhatnagar N, Ahmad F, Hong HS, Eberhard J, Lu IN, Ballmaier M, et al. FcgammaRIII (CD16)-mediated ADCC by NK cells is regulated by monocytes and FcgammaRII (CD32). Eur J Immunol. 2014;44:3368\u201379.","journal-title":"Eur J Immunol"},{"key":"4233_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2674","DOI":"10.1158\/1535-7163.MCT-12-0692","volume":"11","author":"MK Gleason","year":"2012","unstructured":"Gleason MK, Verneris MR, Todhunter DA, Zhang B, McCullar V, Zhou SX, et al. Bispecific and trispecific killer cell engagers directly activate human NK cells through CD16 signaling and induce cytotoxicity and cytokine production. Mol Cancer Ther. 2012;11:2674\u201384.","journal-title":"Mol Cancer Ther"},{"key":"4233_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3701","DOI":"10.1007\/s00262-021-03008-0","volume":"70","author":"SB Reusing","year":"2021","unstructured":"Reusing SB, Vallera DA, Manser AR, Vatrin T, Bhatia S, Felices M, et al. CD16xCD33 Bispecific Killer Cell Engager (BiKE) as potential immunotherapeutic in pediatric patients with AML and biphenotypic ALL. Cancer Immunol Immunother. 2021;70:3701\u20138.","journal-title":"Cancer Immunol Immunother"},{"key":"4233_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1039969","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2022.1039969","volume":"13","author":"SK Nikkhoi","year":"2023","unstructured":"Nikkhoi SK, Li G, Eleya S, Yang G, Vandavasi VG, Hatefi A. Bispecific killer cell engager with high affinity and specificity toward CD16a on NK cells for cancer immunotherapy. Front Immunol. 2023;13:1039969.","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"4233_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1580","DOI":"10.1182\/bloodadvances.2018018176","volume":"2","author":"HD Yun","year":"2018","unstructured":"Yun HD, Felices M, Vallera DA, Hinderlie P, Cooley S, Arock M, et al. Trispecific killer engager CD16xIL15xCD33 potently induces NK cell activation and cytotoxicity against neoplastic mast cells. Blood Adv. 2018;2:1580\u20134.","journal-title":"Blood Adv"},{"key":"4233_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"102075","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nantod.2023.102075","volume":"54","author":"SG Park","year":"2024","unstructured":"Park SG, Kim HJ, Lee HB, Eom S, Jun H, Jang Y, et al. Protein cage nanoparticle-based NK cell-engaging nanodrones (NKeNDs) effectively recruit NK cells to target tumor sites and suppress tumor growth. Nano Today. 2024;54:102075.","journal-title":"Nano Today"},{"key":"4233_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2357","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2019.02357","volume":"10","author":"M Carlsten","year":"2019","unstructured":"Carlsten M, Jaras M. Natural Killer Cells in Myeloid Malignancies: Immune Surveillance, NK Cell Dysfunction, and Pharmacological Opportunities to Bolster the Endogenous NK Cells. Front Immunol. 2019;10:2357.","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"4233_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1637","DOI":"10.1038\/leu.2015.52","volume":"29","author":"SS Kenderian","year":"2015","unstructured":"Kenderian SS, Ruella M, Shestova O, Klichinsky M, Aikawa V, Morrissette JJ, et al. CD33-specific chimeric antigen receptor T cells exhibit potent preclinical activity against human acute myeloid leukemia. Leukemia. 2015;29:1637\u201347.","journal-title":"Leukemia"},{"key":"4233_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1439","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2018.05.013","volume":"173","author":"MY Kim","year":"2018","unstructured":"Kim MY, Yu KR, Kenderian SS, Ruella M, Chen S, Shin TH, et al. Genetic Inactivation of CD33 in Hematopoietic Stem Cells to Enable CAR T Cell Immunotherapy for Acute Myeloid Leukemia. Cell. 2018;173:1439\u2013e5319.","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"4233_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"184","DOI":"10.1038\/mt.2014.164","volume":"23","author":"QS Wang","year":"2015","unstructured":"Wang QS, Wang Y, Lv HY, Han QW, Fan H, Guo B, et al. Treatment of CD33-directed chimeric antigen receptor-modified T cells in one patient with relapsed and refractory acute myeloid leukemia. Mol Ther. 2015;23:184\u201391.","journal-title":"Mol Ther"},{"key":"4233_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3138","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2012-12-474056","volume":"122","author":"A Mardiros","year":"2013","unstructured":"Mardiros A, Dos Santos C, McDonald T, Brown CE, Wang X, Budde LE, et al. T cells expressing CD123-specific chimeric antigen receptors exhibit specific cytolytic effector functions and antitumor effects against human acute myeloid leukemia. Blood. 2013;122:3138\u201348.","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"4233_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3778","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V126.23.3778.3778","volume":"126","author":"Y Luo","year":"2015","unstructured":"Luo Y, Chang LJ, Hu YX, Dong LJ, Wei GQ, Huang H. First-in-Man CD123-Specific Chimeric Antigen Receptor-Modified T Cells for the Treatment of Refractory Acute Myeloid Leukemia. Blood. 2015;126:3778.","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"4233_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2227","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-022-29668-9","volume":"13","author":"M Sugita","year":"2022","unstructured":"Sugita M, Galetto R, Zong HL, Ewing-Crystal N, Trujillo-Alonso V, Mencia-Trinchant N, et al. Allogeneic TCR\u03b1\u03b2 deficient CAR T-cells targeting CD123 in acute myeloid leukemia. Nat Commun. 2022;13:2227.","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"4233_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1296","DOI":"10.1038\/s41587-022-01626-2","volume":"41","author":"L Gauthier","year":"2023","unstructured":"Gauthier L, Virone-Oddos A, Beninga J, Rossi B, Nicolazzi C, Amara C, et al. Control of acute myeloid leukemia by a trifunctional NKp46-CD16a-NK cell engager targeting CD123. Nat Biotechnol. 2023;41:1296\u2013306.","journal-title":"Nat Biotechnol"},{"key":"4233_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"102474","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nantod.2024.102474","volume":"59","author":"H Jun","year":"2024","unstructured":"Jun H, Yeo M, Jeon JP, Eom S, Kim HJ, Kim Y, et al. CD13-targeting and TRAIL-displaying protein nanoparticles effectively induce apoptotic cell death of acute myeloid leukemia, prolonging survival in mouse models. Nano Today. 2024;59:102474.","journal-title":"Nano Today"},{"key":"4233_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"eaba8564","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.aba8564","volume":"6","author":"KM Au","year":"2020","unstructured":"Au KM, Park S, Wang AZ. Trispecific natural killer cell nanoengagers for targeted chemoimmunotherapy. Sci Adv. 2020;6:eaba8564.","journal-title":"Sci Adv"},{"key":"4233_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1099","DOI":"10.1006\/jmbi.2000.4435","volume":"306","author":"X Zhang","year":"2001","unstructured":"Zhang X, Meining W, Fischer M, Bacher A, Ladenstein R. X-ray structure analysis and crystallographic refinement of lumazine synthase from the hyperthermophile Aquifex aeolicus at 1.6 A resolution: determinants of thermostability revealed from structural comparisons. J Mol Biol. 2001;306:1099\u2013114.","journal-title":"J Mol Biol"},{"key":"4233_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1801488","DOI":"10.1002\/smll.201801488","volume":"14","author":"H Choi","year":"2018","unstructured":"Choi H, Choi B, Kim GJ, Kim HU, Kim H, Jung HS, et al. Fabrication of Nanoreaction Clusters with Dual-Functionalized Protein Cage Nanobuilding Blocks. Small. 2018;14:e1801488.","journal-title":"Small"},{"key":"4233_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E690","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1115485109","volume":"109","author":"B Zakeri","year":"2012","unstructured":"Zakeri B, Fierer JO, Celik E, Chittock EC, Schwarz-Linek U, Moy VT, et al. Peptide tag forming a rapid covalent bond to a protein, through engineering a bacterial adhesin. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2012;109:E690\u20137.","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"4233_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1186\/s12951-022-01762-6","volume":"21","author":"H Choi","year":"2023","unstructured":"Choi H, Yeo M, Kang Y, Kim HJ, Park SG, Jang E, et al. Lactate oxidase\/catalase-displaying nanoparticles efficiently consume lactate in the tumor microenvironment to effectively suppress tumor growth. J Nanobiotechnol. 2023;21:5.","journal-title":"J Nanobiotechnol"},{"key":"4233_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"367","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2022.07.004","volume":"349","author":"H Jun","year":"2022","unstructured":"Jun H, Jang E, Kim H, Yeo MR, Park SG, Lee J, et al. TRAIL & EGFR affibody dual-display on a protein nanoparticle synergistically suppresses tumor growth. J Control Release. 2022;349:367\u201378.","journal-title":"J Control Release"},{"key":"4233_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"517","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actbio.2025.07.005","volume":"202","author":"S Eom","year":"2025","unstructured":"Eom S, Park SG, Jun H, Kim Y, Lee HB, Kang S. Effective delivery of diphtheria toxin using protein cage nanoparticles for targeted cancer therapy. Acta Biomater. 2025;202:517\u201328.","journal-title":"Acta Biomater"},{"key":"4233_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1093\/protein\/gzm064","volume":"21","author":"G Behar","year":"2008","unstructured":"Behar G, Siberil S, Groulet A, Chames P, Pugniere M, Boix C, et al. Isolation and characterization of anti-FcgammaRIII (CD16) llama single-domain antibodies that activate natural killer cells. Protein Eng Des Sel. 2008;21:1\u201310.","journal-title":"Protein Eng Des Sel"},{"key":"4233_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"713","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.2019002779","volume":"135","author":"X He","year":"2020","unstructured":"He X, Feng Z, Ma J, Ling S, Cao Y, Gurung B, et al. Bispecific and split CAR T cells targeting CD13 and TIM3 eradicate acute myeloid leukemia. Blood. 2020;135:713\u201323.","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"4233_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"19208","DOI":"10.1039\/C6RA00233A","volume":"6","author":"H Kim","year":"2016","unstructured":"Kim H, Kang YJ, Min J, Choi H, Kang S. Development of an antibody-binding modular nanoplatform for antibody-guided targeted cell imaging and delivery. RSC Adv. 2016;6:19208\u201313.","journal-title":"RSC Adv"},{"key":"4233_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"48596","DOI":"10.1039\/C4RA10187A","volume":"4","author":"J Min","year":"2014","unstructured":"Min J, Kim S, Lee J, Kang S. Lumazine synthase protein cage nanoparticles as modular delivery platforms for targeted drug delivery. RSC Adv. 2014;4:48596\u2013600.","journal-title":"RSC Adv"},{"key":"4233_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2497","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.bioconjchem.8b00252","volume":"29","author":"K Renault","year":"2018","unstructured":"Renault K, Fredy JW, Renard PY, Sabot C. Covalent Modification of Biomolecules through Maleimide-Based Labeling Strategies. Bioconjug Chem. 2018;29:2497\u2013513.","journal-title":"Bioconjug Chem"},{"key":"4233_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2071","DOI":"10.1158\/1535-7163.MCT-20-1030","volume":"20","author":"PD Rennert","year":"2021","unstructured":"Rennert PD, Dufort FJ, Su L, Sanford T, Birt A, Wu L, et al. Anti-CD19 CAR T Cells That Secrete a Biparatopic Anti-CLEC12A Bridging Protein Have Potent Activity Against Highly Aggressive Acute Myeloid Leukemia In Vitro and In Vivo. Mol Cancer Ther. 2021;20:2071\u201381.","journal-title":"Mol Cancer Ther"},{"key":"4233_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1317","DOI":"10.1038\/s41375-018-0075-3","volume":"32","author":"JC Petrov","year":"2018","unstructured":"Petrov JC, Wada M, Pinz KG, Yan LE, Chen KH, Shuai X, et al. Compound CAR T-cells as a double-pronged approach for treating acute myeloid leukemia. Leukemia. 2018;32:1317\u201326.","journal-title":"Leukemia"},{"key":"4233_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4887","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2002-11-3392","volume":"101","author":"T Ranson","year":"2003","unstructured":"Ranson T, Vosshenrich CA, Corcuff E, Richard O, Muller W, Di Santo JP. IL-15 is an essential mediator of peripheral NK-cell homeostasis. Blood. 2003;101:4887\u201393.","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"4233_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"856","DOI":"10.1038\/ni1487","volume":"8","author":"ND Huntington","year":"2007","unstructured":"Huntington ND, Puthalakath H, Gunn P, Naik E, Michalak EM, Smyth MJ, et al. Interleukin 15-mediated survival of natural killer cells is determined by interactions among Bim, Noxa and Mcl-1. Nat Immunol. 2007;8:856\u201363.","journal-title":"Nat Immunol"},{"key":"4233_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20082013","volume":"206","author":"ND Huntington","year":"2009","unstructured":"Huntington ND, Legrand N, Alves NL, Jaron B, Weijer K, Plet A, et al. IL-15 trans-presentation promotes human NK cell development and differentiation in vivo. J Exp Med. 2009;206:25\u201334.","journal-title":"J Exp Med"},{"key":"4233_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"108498","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2020.108498","volume":"33","author":"GM Wiedemann","year":"2020","unstructured":"Wiedemann GM, Grassmann S, Lau CM, Rapp M, Villarino AV, Friedrich C, et al. Divergent Role for STAT5 in the Adaptive Responses of Natural Killer Cells. Cell Rep. 2020;33:108498.","journal-title":"Cell Rep"},{"key":"4233_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI6218","volume":"106","author":"TA Fehniger","year":"2000","unstructured":"Fehniger TA, Bluman EM, Porter MM, Mrozek E, Cooper MA, VanDeusen JB, et al. Potential mechanisms of human natural killer cell expansion in vivo during low-dose IL-2 therapy. J Clin Invest. 2000;106:117\u201324.","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"}],"container-title":["Journal of Nanobiotechnology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s12951-026-04233-4","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12951-026-04233-4.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12951-026-04233-4.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,14]],"date-time":"2026-04-14T12:04:26Z","timestamp":1776168266000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1186\/s12951-026-04233-4"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,6]]},"references-count":52,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]}},"alternative-id":["4233"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12951-026-04233-4","relation":{},"ISSN":["1477-3155"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1477-3155","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,6]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2 January 2026","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"22 February 2026","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"6 March 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"All animal studies and procedures were approved by the guidance of the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee of the Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNISTIACUC-24-67). The peripheral blood collected from healthy donors was provided by the Korean Red Cross Blood Services (Ulsan, Korea) with the approval of the Institutional Review Board (IRB) of Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST) (UNISTIRB-22-65-C).","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"346"}}