{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,21]],"date-time":"2026-09-21T19:01:30Z","timestamp":1790017290763,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,16]],"date-time":"2026-03-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1773619200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,23]],"date-time":"2026-04-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1776902400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":38,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"The National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["82404457"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82404457"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"The National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["82404456"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82404456"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"The National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["81903490"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["81903490"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100007129","name":"Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["ZR2024QH177"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ZR2024QH177"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100007129","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100007129","name":"Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["ZR2024QH298"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ZR2024QH298"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100007129","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100007129","name":"Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["ZR2023QH185"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ZR2023QH185"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100007129","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Nanobiotechnol"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Noise-induced hearing loss (NIHL) remains highly prevalent in occupational settings, and no pharmacological agent or combination thereof has demonstrated a protective or restorative impact against noise-induced damage in clinic till now. Biomass-derived carbon dots (CDs) are known for their unique biological activities and excellent safety. Marine organisms account for 78% of the planet\u2019s biomass. In this vast and diversified habitat, marine animals make and gather significant amounts of compounds with distinct structural and physiological properties. Here, using eight different marine fauna and flora as carbon sources, safe and green CDs were synthesized through one-pot hydrothermal method. All eight CDs displayed good stability and radical quenching abilities. In ABR testing, the\n                    <jats:italic>Undaria pinnatifida<\/jats:italic>\n                    Suringar-derived CDs (USCDs) exerted the strongest hearing protection abilities under noise exposure\n                    <jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic>\n                    among the eight samples. The structure\u2013activity relationships of marine-derived CDs suggested that improved content of heteroatom or reductive function groups was essential for their radical scavenging and\n                    <jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic>\n                    anti-NIHL activities. The cytoprotective activity for auditory nerve and hair cells\n                    <jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic>\n                    were confirmed by confocal microscopy. Notably,\n                    <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic>\n                    cell tests demonstrated that USCDs could prevent apoptosis and ferroptosis through ROS scavenging and Fe\n                    <jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup>\n                    -chelating, respectively. Moreover, both\n                    <jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic>\n                    experiments demonstrated that USCDs possessed excellent biosafety and blood\u2013labyrinth barrier (BLB) permeability, supporting their potential for systemic administration. These findings broaden the potential applications of CDs in the treatment of inner ear diseases, and provided some insights into the development marine drugs.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Graphical Abstract<\/jats:bold>\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12951-026-04282-9","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,16]],"date-time":"2026-03-16T15:23:10Z","timestamp":1773674590000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Marine-derived carbon dots: a safe and effective solution for noise-induced hearing loss"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"Guangsen","family":"Xu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jing","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guige","family":"Hou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaoya","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuliang","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiajun","family":"Tian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yanjiao","family":"Ding","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"4282_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2465","DOI":"10.7150\/thno.67781","volume":"12","author":"B Noh","year":"2022","unstructured":"Noh B, Rim JH, Gopalappa R, Lin H, Kim KM, Kang MJ, et al. In vivo outer hair cell gene editing ameliorates progressive hearing loss in dominant-negative Kcnq4 murine model. Theranostics. 2022;12:2465\u201382.","journal-title":"Theranostics"},{"key":"4282_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-018-08264-w","volume":"10","author":"CA Nist-Lund","year":"2019","unstructured":"Nist-Lund CA, Pan B, Patterson A, Asai Y, Chen T, Zhou W, et al. Improved TMC1 gene therapy restores hearing and balance in mice with genetic inner ear disorders. Nat Commun. 2019;10:236.","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"4282_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.redox.2020.101434","volume":"30","author":"F Rousset","year":"2020","unstructured":"Rousset F, Nacher-Soler G, Coelho M, Ilmjarv S, Kokje VBC, Marteyn A, et al. Redox activation of excitatory pathways in auditory neurons as mechanism of age-related hearing loss. Redox Biol. 2020;30:101434.","journal-title":"Redox Biol"},{"key":"4282_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3524","DOI":"10.7150\/thno.83383","volume":"13","author":"K Xu","year":"2023","unstructured":"Xu K, Xu B, Gu J, Wang X, Yu D, Chen Y. Intrinsic mechanism and pharmacologic treatments of noise-induced hearing loss. Theranostics. 2023;13:3524\u201349.","journal-title":"Theranostics"},{"key":"4282_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2023.1243834","volume":"14","author":"M Su","year":"2023","unstructured":"Su M, Tang T, Tang W, Long Y, Wang L, Liu M. Astragalus improves intestinal barrier function and immunity by acting on intestinal microbiota to treat T2DM: a research review. Front Immunol. 2023;14:1243834.","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"4282_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2024.176759","volume":"978","author":"GJ Zou","year":"2024","unstructured":"Zou GJ, Chen ZR, Wang XQ, Cui YH, Li F, Li CQ, et al. Microglial activation in the medial prefrontal cortex after remote fear recall participates in the regulation of auditory fear extinction. Eur J Pharmacol. 2024;978:176759.","journal-title":"Eur J Pharmacol"},{"key":"4282_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2023.1285052","volume":"14","author":"F-u Hassan","year":"2023","unstructured":"Hassan F-u, Liu C, Mehboob M, Bilal RM, Arain MA, Siddique F, et al. Potential of dietary hemp and cannabinoids to modulate immune response to enhance health and performance in animals: opportunities and challenges. Front Immunol. 2023;14:1285052.","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"4282_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1059","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2014.11.003","volume":"20","author":"KD Brown","year":"2014","unstructured":"Brown KD, Maqsood S, Huang JY, Pan Y, Harkcom W, Li W, et al. Activation of SIRT3 by the NAD\u207a precursor nicotinamide riboside protects from noise-induced hearing loss. Cell Metab. 2014;20:1059\u201368.","journal-title":"Cell Metab"},{"key":"4282_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.redox.2019.101406","volume":"29","author":"F Wu","year":"2020","unstructured":"Wu F, Xiong H, Sha S. Noise-induced loss of sensory hair cells is mediated by ROS\/AMPK\u03b1 pathway. Redox Biol. 2020;29:101406.","journal-title":"Redox Biol"},{"key":"4282_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1457","DOI":"10.1080\/17460441.2020.1806232","volume":"15","author":"I Varela-Nieto","year":"2020","unstructured":"Varela-Nieto I, Murillo-Cuesta S, Calvino M, Cediel R, Lassaletta L. Drug development for noise-induced hearing loss. Expert Opin Drug Discov. 2020;15:1457\u201371.","journal-title":"Expert Opin Drug Discov"},{"key":"4282_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2020\/1782659","author":"Z Zheng","year":"2020","unstructured":"Zheng Z, Tang D, Zhao L, Li W, Han J, Hu B, et al. Liproxstatin-1 protects hair cell-like hei-oc1 cells and cochlear hair cells against neomycin ototoxicity. Oxid Med Cell Longev. 2020. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2020\/1782659.","journal-title":"Oxid Med Cell Longev"},{"key":"4282_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms231810981","author":"S Cho","year":"2022","unstructured":"Cho S, Hong SJ, Kang SH, Park Y, Kim SK. Alpha-lipoic acid attenuates apoptosis and ferroptosis in cisplatin-induced ototoxicity via the reduction of intracellular lipid droplets. Int J Mol Sci. 2022. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijms231810981.","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"4282_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1085","DOI":"10.1007\/s12264-025-01370-y","volume":"41","author":"S Zhang","year":"2025","unstructured":"Zhang S, Xiao H, Lin Y, Tang X, Tong W, Shao B, et al. Targeting programmed cell death in acquired sensorineural hearing loss ferroptosis necroptosis and pyroptosis. Neurosci Bull. 2025;41:1085\u2013102.","journal-title":"Neurosci Bull"},{"key":"4282_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/advs.202402671","volume":"11","author":"X Wang","year":"2024","unstructured":"Wang X, Xu L, Meng Y, Chen F, Zhuang J, Wang M, et al. FOXO1-NCOA4 axis contributes to cisplatin-induced cochlea spiral ganglion neuron ferroptosis via ferritinophagy. Adv Sci (Weinh). 2024;11:e2402671.","journal-title":"Adv Sci (Weinh)"},{"key":"4282_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41419-018-0488-y","volume":"9","author":"YC Chen","year":"2018","unstructured":"Chen YC, Tsai CL, Wei YH, Wu YT, Hsu WT, Lin HC, et al. ATOH1\/RFX1\/RFX3 transcription factors facilitate the differentiation and characterisation of inner ear hair cell-like cells from patient-specific induced pluripotent stem cells harbouring A8344G mutation of mitochondrial DNA. Cell Death Dis. 2018;9:437.","journal-title":"Cell Death Dis"},{"key":"4282_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pbio.3000326","volume":"17","author":"T Wang","year":"2019","unstructured":"Wang T, Niwa M, Sayyid ZN, Hosseini DK, Pham N, Jones SM, et al. Uncoordinated maturation of developing and regenerating postnatal mammalian vestibular hair cells. PLoS Biol. 2019;17:e3000326.","journal-title":"PLoS Biol"},{"key":"4282_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41392-022-00995-z","volume":"7","author":"X Shi","year":"2022","unstructured":"Shi X, Wang Z, Ren W, Chen L, Xu C, Li M, et al. LDL receptor-related protein 1 (LRP1), a novel target for opening the blood-labyrinth barrier (BLB). Signal Transduct Target Ther. 2022;7:175.","journal-title":"Signal Transduct Target Ther"},{"key":"4282_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12951-022-01485-8","volume":"20","author":"J Gu","year":"2022","unstructured":"Gu J, Wang X, Chen Y, Xu K, Yu D, Wu H. An enhanced antioxidant strategy of astaxanthin encapsulated in ROS-responsive nanoparticles for combating cisplatin-induced ototoxicity. J Nanobiotechnol. 2022;20:268.","journal-title":"J Nanobiotechnol"},{"key":"4282_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.carbon.2018.12.105","author":"P Fathi","year":"2019","unstructured":"Fathi P, Khamo JS, Huang X, Srivastava I, Esch MB, Zhang K, et al. Bulk-state and single-particle imaging are central to understanding carbon dot photo-physics and elucidating the effects of precursor composition and reaction temperature. Carbon. 2019. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.carbon.2018.12.105.","journal-title":"Carbon"},{"key":"4282_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41377-018-0090-1","volume":"7","author":"X Bao","year":"2018","unstructured":"Bao X, Yuan Y, Chen J, Zhang B, Li D, Zhou D, et al. In vivo theranostics with near-infrared-emitting carbon dots-highly efficient photothermal therapy based on passive targeting after intravenous administration. Light Sci Appl. 2018;7:91.","journal-title":"Light Sci Appl"},{"key":"4282_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12951-023-01795-5","volume":"21","author":"X Wang","year":"2023","unstructured":"Wang X, Wu T, Yang Y, Zhou L, Wang S, Liu J, et al. Ultrasmall and highly biocompatible carbon dots derived from natural plant with amelioration against acute kidney injury. J Nanobiotechnol. 2023;21:63.","journal-title":"J Nanobiotechnol"},{"key":"4282_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cej.2025.162637","author":"L Yang","year":"2025","unstructured":"Yang L, Dai F, Tang H, Li M, An Y, Tan Y, et al. Lophatherum-gracile driven near-infrared carbon dots inhibit ferroptosis and mitophagy to treat acute kidney injury. Chem Eng J. 2025. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cej.2025.162637.","journal-title":"Chem Eng J"},{"key":"4282_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"35421","DOI":"10.1039\/d5ra05474e","volume":"15","author":"Q He","year":"2025","unstructured":"He Q, Zhang L. Strategic engineering of carbon dots: multi-enzyme mimetics for advanced biomedical intervention in oxidative stress-related diseases. RSC Adv. 2025;15:35421\u201335. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1039\/d5ra05474e.","journal-title":"RSC Adv"},{"key":"4282_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6503","DOI":"10.2147\/IJN.S431061","volume":"18","author":"M Zeng","year":"2023","unstructured":"Zeng M, Wang Y, Liu M, Wei Y, Wen J, Zhang Y, et al. Potential efficacy of herbal medicine-derived carbon dots in the treatment of diseases: from mechanism to clinic. Int J Nanomedicine. 2023;18:6503\u201325.","journal-title":"Int J Nanomedicine"},{"issue":"3","key":"4282_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"516","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2018.12.006","volume":"9","author":"H Zhang","year":"2019","unstructured":"Zhang H, Huang L, Tao L, Zhang J, Wang F, Zhang X, et al. Secalonic acid D induces cell apoptosis in both sensitive and ABCG2-overexpressing multidrug resistant cancer cells through upregulating c-Jun expression. Acta Pharm Sin B. 2019;9(3):516\u201325.","journal-title":"Acta Pharm Sin B"},{"issue":"1","key":"4282_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12951-022-01430-9","volume":"20","author":"ZH Lee","year":"2022","unstructured":"Lee ZH, Lee MF, Chen JH, Tsou MH, Wu ZY, Lee CZ, et al. Fucoidan with three functions extracted from sargassum aquifolium integrated rice-husk synthesis dual-imaging mesoporous silica nanoparticle. J Nanobiotechnol. 2022;20(1):298.","journal-title":"J Nanobiotechnol"},{"key":"4282_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-017-01832-6","volume":"8","author":"E Ficko-Blean","year":"2017","unstructured":"Ficko-Blean E, Pr\u00e9choux A, Thomas F, Rochat T, Larocque R, Zhu Y, et al. Carrageenan catabolism is encoded by a complex regulon in marine heterotrophic bacteria. Nat Commun. 2017;8:1685.","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"4282_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/md20100629","author":"L Wen","year":"2022","unstructured":"Wen L, Li R, Zhao YC, Yang JY, Li XY, Xue CH, et al. A comparative study of the anti-obesity effects of dietary sea cucumber saponins and energy restriction in response to weight loss and weight regain in mice. Mar Drugs. 2022. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/md20100629.","journal-title":"Mar Drugs"},{"key":"4282_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41419-022-04608-z","volume":"13","author":"L Zhong","year":"2022","unstructured":"Zhong L, Yang B, Zhang Z, Wang J, Wang X, Guo Y, et al. Targeting autophagy peptidase ATG4B with a novel natural product inhibitor azalomycin F4a for advanced gastric cancer. Cell Death Dis. 2022;13:161.","journal-title":"Cell Death Dis"},{"key":"4282_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/polym14183706","author":"Y Laorenza","year":"2022","unstructured":"Laorenza Y, Chonhenchob V, Bumbudsanpharoke N, Jittanit W, Sae-Tan S, Rachtanapun C, et al. Polymeric packaging applications for seafood products: packaging-deterioration relevance technology and trends. Polymers. 2022. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/polym14183706.","journal-title":"Polymers"},{"key":"4282_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fbioe.2022.964814","volume":"10","author":"P Zhu","year":"2022","unstructured":"Zhu P, Zhao X, Zhang Y, Liu Y, Zhao Z, Yang Z, et al. Mn(3+)\/Mn(4+) ion-doped carbon dots as fenton-like catalysts for fluorescence dual-signal detection of dopamine. Front Bioeng Biotechnol. 2022;10:964814.","journal-title":"Front Bioeng Biotechnol"},{"key":"4282_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/md18030158","author":"Y Wu","year":"2020","unstructured":"Wu Y, Jiang H, Lin JS, Liu J, Wu CJ, Xu R. Antioxidant, hypolipidemic and hepatic protective activities of polysaccharides from phascolosoma esculenta. Mar Drugs. 2020. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/md18030158.","journal-title":"Mar Drugs"},{"key":"4282_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/md20080521","author":"A Hossain","year":"2022","unstructured":"Hossain A, Dave D, Shahidi F. Antioxidant potential of sea cucumbers and their beneficial effects on human health. Mar Drugs. 2022. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/md20080521.","journal-title":"Mar Drugs"},{"key":"4282_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/foods12020301","author":"Y Zhang","year":"2023","unstructured":"Zhang Y, Lin D, Yan R, Xu Y, Xing M, Liao S, et al. Amelioration of chilling injury by fucoidan in cold-stored cucumber via membrane lipid metabolism regulation. Foods. 2023. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/foods12020301.","journal-title":"Foods"},{"key":"4282_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/toxics10040194","author":"WJ Song","year":"2022","unstructured":"Song WJ, Kim J, Shin T, Jeong MS, Kim KN, Yun JH, et al. Esculetin and fucoidan attenuate autophagy and apoptosis induced by zinc oxide nanoparticles through modulating reactive astrocyte and proinflammatory cytokines in the rat brain. Toxics. 2022. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/toxics10040194.","journal-title":"Toxics"},{"issue":"1","key":"4282_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1080\/13880209.2018.1548626","volume":"57","author":"H Wu","year":"2019","unstructured":"Wu H, Gao S, Terakawa S. Inhibitory effects of fucoidan on NMDA receptors and l-type Ca(2+) channels regulating the Ca(2+) responses in rat neurons. Pharm Biol. 2019;57(1):1\u20137.","journal-title":"Pharm Biol"},{"key":"4282_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2666","DOI":"10.1039\/C9TB02735A","volume":"8","author":"H Wang","year":"2020","unstructured":"Wang H, Zhang M, Ma Y, Wang B, Shao M, Huang H, et al. Selective inactivation of gram-negative bacteria by carbon dots derived from natural biomass: artemisia argyi leaves. J Mater Chem B. 2020;8:2666\u201372.","journal-title":"J Mater Chem B"},{"key":"4282_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cej.2019.123200","author":"SJ Park","year":"2020","unstructured":"Park SJ, Park JY, Chung JW, Yang HK, Moon BK, Yi SS. Color tunable carbon quantum dots from wasted paper by different solvents for anti-counterfeiting and fluorescent flexible film. Chem Eng J. 2020. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cej.2019.123200.","journal-title":"Chem Eng J"},{"key":"4282_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12951-025-03477-w","volume":"23","author":"Y Guo","year":"2025","unstructured":"Guo Y, Yang L, Yao L, Zhou C, Zhu Y, Xu C, et al. Carbon dots derived from ligusticum chuanxiong mitigate cardiac injury by disrupting the harmful oxidative stress-apoptosis cycle. J Nanobiotechnol. 2025;23:391.","journal-title":"J Nanobiotechnol"},{"key":"4282_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2381","DOI":"10.1007\/s10856-012-4669-4","volume":"23","author":"C Wang","year":"2012","unstructured":"Wang C, Wang M. Dual-source dual-power electrospinning and characteristics of multifunctional scaffolds for bone tissue engineering. J Mater Sci Mater Med. 2012;23:2381\u201397.","journal-title":"J Mater Sci Mater Med"},{"key":"4282_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox11061183","author":"HM Tran","year":"2022","unstructured":"Tran HM, Yang CY, Wu TH, Yen FL. Liposomes encapsulating morin: investigation of physicochemical properties, dermal absorption improvement and anti-aging activity in pm-induced keratinocytes. Antioxidants ( Basel). 2022. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/antiox11061183.","journal-title":"Antioxidants ( Basel)"},{"key":"4282_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/md17040210","author":"W Zhang","year":"2019","unstructured":"Zhang W, Yin B, Xin Y, Li L, Ye G, Wang J, et al. Preparation, mechanical properties, and biocompatibility of graphene oxide-reinforced chitin monofilament absorbable surgical sutures. Mar Drugs. 2019. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/md17040210.","journal-title":"Mar Drugs"},{"key":"4282_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/nano12030503","author":"MV \u0218erban","year":"2022","unstructured":"\u0218erban MV, Nazarie Ignat SR, Dinescu S, Radu IC, Zaharia C, Istr\u0103toiu EA, et al. Silk proteinsenriched nanocomposite hydrogels based on modified mmt clay and poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate-co-2-acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid) display favorable properties for soft tissue engineering. Nanomaterials (Basel). 2022. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/nano12030503.","journal-title":"Nanomaterials (Basel)"},{"key":"4282_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fbioe.2022.839120","volume":"10","author":"Z Yuan","year":"2022","unstructured":"Yuan Z, Lyu Z, Zhang W, Zhang J, Wang Y. Porous bioactive prosthesis with chitosan\/mesoporous silica nanoparticles microspheres sequentially and sustainedly releasing platelet-derived growth factor-bb and kartogenin: a new treatment strategy for osteoarticular lesions. Front Bioeng Biotechnol. 2022;10:839120.","journal-title":"Front Bioeng Biotechnol"},{"key":"4282_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.202200905","volume":"34","author":"Y Xu","year":"2022","unstructured":"Xu Y, Wang B, Zhang M, Zhang J, Li Y, Jia P, et al. Carbon dots as a potential therapeutic agent for the treatment of cancer-related anemia. Adv Mater. 2022;34:e2200905.","journal-title":"Adv Mater"},{"key":"4282_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-017-15599-9","volume":"7","author":"MA Kobaisi","year":"2017","unstructured":"Kobaisi MA, Bhosale RS, El-Khouly ME, La DD, Padghan SD, Bhosale SV, et al. The sensitivity of donor - acceptor charge transfer to molecular geometry in DAN - NDI based supramolecular flower-like self-assemblies. Sci Rep. 2017;7:16501.","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"4282_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fochx.2022.100364","volume":"15","author":"R Mehra","year":"2022","unstructured":"Mehra R, Kumar S, Singh R, Kumar N, Rathore D, Nayik GA, et al. Biochemical, dielectric and surface characteristics of freeze-dried bovine colostrum whey powder. Food Chem X. 2022;15:100364.","journal-title":"Food Chem X"},{"key":"4282_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ssc.2007.03.052","volume":"143","author":"AC Ferrari","year":"2007","unstructured":"Ferrari AC. Raman spectroscopy of graphene and graphite: disorder, electron\u2013phonon coupling, doping and nonadiabatic effects. Solid State Commun. 2007;143:47\u201357.","journal-title":"Solid State Commun"},{"key":"4282_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apcatb.2022.122116","author":"P Xia","year":"2023","unstructured":"Xia P, Ye Z, Zhao L, Xue Q, Lanzalaco S, He Q, et al. Tailoring single-atom FeN4 moieties as a robust heterogeneous catalyst for high-performance electro-Fenton treatment of organic pollutants. Appl Catal B Environ. 2023. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.apcatb.2022.122116.","journal-title":"Appl Catal B Environ"},{"key":"4282_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"26467","DOI":"10.1039\/D5TA04370K","volume":"13","author":"X Liu","year":"2025","unstructured":"Liu X, Liu S, Shi Q, Wu Z, Chen L, Zhang M, et al. Fluorine-doping-induced phosphorus vacancy engineering in NiCoP@NC for enhanced sodium storage performance. J Mater Chem A. 2025;13:26467\u201377.","journal-title":"J Mater Chem A"},{"key":"4282_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adfm.202418683","author":"Z Deng","year":"2025","unstructured":"Deng Z, Zhang Y, Li R, Zhu Y, Xu C, Gao B, et al. Honeysuckle\u2010derived carbon dots with robust catalytic and pharmacological activities for mitigating lung inflammation by inhibition of Caspase11\/GSDMD\u2010dependent pyroptosis. Adv Funct Mater. 2025. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/adfm.202418683.","journal-title":"Adv Funct Mater"},{"key":"4282_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cej.2024.152842","author":"M Zhang","year":"2024","unstructured":"Zhang M, Liang Y, Zhang Y, Zhang L, Wang N, Zhou Y, et al. Oral carbon dot nanozymes with red fluorescence and superoxide dismutase-like activity for colitis bioimaging and inflammation management. Chem Eng J. 2024. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cej.2024.152842.","journal-title":"Chem Eng J"}],"container-title":["Journal of Nanobiotechnology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s12951-026-04282-9","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12951-026-04282-9.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12951-026-04282-9.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,23]],"date-time":"2026-04-23T01:54:41Z","timestamp":1776909281000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1186\/s12951-026-04282-9"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,16]]},"references-count":52,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]}},"alternative-id":["4282"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12951-026-04282-9","relation":{},"ISSN":["1477-3155"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1477-3155","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,16]]},"assertion":[{"value":"18 November 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"4 March 2026","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"16 March 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The whole animal handling procedures were performed in accordance with the National Institutes of Health Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals and approved by the Animal Care Committee of Shandong University (No. ECAESDUSM 20,123,011).","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"All authors provided their consent for publication.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":5,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Clinical trial number"}}],"article-number":"387"}}