{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,17]],"date-time":"2026-07-17T01:05:56Z","timestamp":1784250356795,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,19]],"date-time":"2026-05-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1779148800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,17]],"date-time":"2026-07-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1784246400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":59,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["22507076"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["22507076"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["22277077"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["22277077"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Natural Science Foundation of Shanghai","award":["25ZR1402321"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["25ZR1402321"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012226","name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["YG2025QNB37"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["YG2025QNB37"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012226","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Nanobiotechnol"],"DOI":"10.1186\/s12951-026-04539-3","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,19]],"date-time":"2026-05-19T08:26:03Z","timestamp":1779179163000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Rational design of topology-defined DNA nanoframeworks for antigen delivery and cross-presentation"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"Ying","family":"Cao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuanyuan","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xian","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kui","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tomasz","family":"Maj","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhao","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jingwei","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qian","family":"Shi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yang","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,19]]},"reference":[{"issue":"4","key":"4539_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e2401501","DOI":"10.1002\/smtd.202401501","volume":"9","author":"B Lin","year":"2025","unstructured":"Lin B, Liu Y, Chen Q, Li M, Xu L, Chen Q, et al. DNA nanostructures-based in situ cancer vaccines: Mechanisms and applications. Small Methods. 2025;9(4):e2401501.","journal-title":"Small Methods"},{"issue":"8","key":"4539_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"607","DOI":"10.1038\/s41573-024-00974-9","volume":"23","author":"N Gong","year":"2024","unstructured":"Gong N, Alameh MG, El-Mayta R, Xue L, Weissman D, Mitchell MJ. Enhancing in situ cancer vaccines using delivery technologies. Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2024;23(8):607\u201325.","journal-title":"Nat Rev Drug Discov"},{"issue":"1","key":"4539_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"450","DOI":"10.1038\/s41392-023-01674-3","volume":"8","author":"T Fan","year":"2023","unstructured":"Fan T, Zhang M, Yang J, Zhu Z, Cao W, Dong C. Therapeutic cancer vaccines: Advancements, challenges, and prospects. Signal Transduct Target Ther. 2023;8(1):450.","journal-title":"Signal Transduct Target Ther"},{"issue":"4","key":"4539_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"679","DOI":"10.1007\/s11427-022-2230-4","volume":"66","author":"T Li","year":"2023","unstructured":"Li T, Qian C, Gu Y, Zhang J, Li S, Xia N. Current progress in the development of prophylactic and therapeutic vaccines. Sci China Life Sci. 2023;66(4):679\u2013710.","journal-title":"Sci China Life Sci"},{"key":"4539_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Vartak A, Sucheck SJ. Recent advances in subunit vaccine carriers. Vaccines (Basel). 2016;4(2):12.","DOI":"10.3390\/vaccines4020012"},{"key":"4539_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2019.00022","volume":"10","author":"S Al-Halifa","year":"2019","unstructured":"Al-Halifa S, Gauthier L, Arpin D, Bourgault S, Archambault D. Nanoparticle-based vaccines against respiratory viruses. Front Immunol. 2019;10:22.","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"4539_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bezbaruah R, Chavda VP, Nongrang L, Alom S, Deka K, Kalita T et al. Nanoparticle-based delivery systems for vaccines. Vaccines (Basel). 2022;10(11):1946.","DOI":"10.3390\/vaccines10111946"},{"key":"4539_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lopes Chaves L, Dourado D, Prunache IB, Manuelle Marques da Silva P, Tacyana Dos Santos Lucena G, de Cardoso Z et al. Nanocarriers of antigen proteins for vaccine delivery. Int J Pharm. 2024;659:124162.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpharm.2024.124162"},{"issue":"14","key":"4539_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3356","DOI":"10.1039\/D3TB02279J","volume":"12","author":"A Gharatape","year":"2024","unstructured":"Gharatape A, Sadeghi-Abandansari H, Seifalian A, Faridi-Majidi R, Basiri M. Nanocarrier-based gene delivery for immune cell engineering. J Mater Chem B. 2024;12(14):3356\u201375.","journal-title":"J Mater Chem B"},{"key":"4539_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Petkar KC, Patil SM, Chavhan SS, Kaneko K, Sawant KK, Kunda NK et al. An overview of nanocarrier-based adjuvants for vaccine delivery. Pharmaceutics. 2021;13(4):455.","DOI":"10.3390\/pharmaceutics13040455"},{"issue":"11","key":"4539_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"787","DOI":"10.1038\/nri2868","volume":"10","author":"MF Bachmann","year":"2010","unstructured":"Bachmann MF, Jennings GT. Vaccine delivery: A matter of size, geometry, kinetics and molecular patterns. Nat Rev Immunol. 2010;10(11):787\u201396.","journal-title":"Nat Rev Immunol"},{"issue":"32","key":"4539_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1900262","DOI":"10.1002\/smll.201900262","volume":"15","author":"J Liu","year":"2019","unstructured":"Liu J, Zhang R, Xu ZP. Nanoparticle-based nanomedicines to promote cancer immunotherapy: Recent advances and future directions. Small. 2019;15(32):e1900262.","journal-title":"Small"},{"issue":"9","key":"4539_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"655","DOI":"10.1038\/nrd4363","volume":"13","author":"S Mitragotri","year":"2014","unstructured":"Mitragotri S, Burke PA, Langer R. Overcoming the challenges in administering biopharmaceuticals: Formulation and delivery strategies. Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2014;13(9):655\u201372.","journal-title":"Nat Rev Drug Discov"},{"issue":"7","key":"4539_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2545","DOI":"10.1039\/c2cs15327k","volume":"41","author":"M Elsabahy","year":"2012","unstructured":"Elsabahy M, Wooley KL. Design of polymeric nanoparticles for biomedical delivery applications. Chem Soc Rev. 2012;41(7):2545\u201361.","journal-title":"Chem Soc Rev"},{"issue":"7","key":"4539_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1055","DOI":"10.1038\/s41565-024-01615-3","volume":"19","author":"YC Zeng","year":"2024","unstructured":"Zeng YC, Young OJ, Wintersinger CM, Anastassacos FM, MacDonald JI, Isinelli G, et al. Fine tuning of cpg spatial distribution with DNA origami for improved cancer vaccination. Nat Nanotechnol. 2024;19(7):1055\u201365.","journal-title":"Nat Nanotechnol"},{"issue":"8","key":"4539_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2741","DOI":"10.1007\/s00262-023-03446-y","volume":"72","author":"Y Kang","year":"2023","unstructured":"Kang Y, Zhang W, Yu Q, Gao L, Quan J, Gu F, et al. Self-assembled nanoparticles based on DNA origami and a nitrated t helper cell epitope as a platform for the development of personalized cancer vaccines. Cancer Immunol Immunother. 2023;72(8):2741\u201355.","journal-title":"Cancer Immunol Immunother"},{"issue":"1","key":"4539_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9581","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-024-53937-4","volume":"15","author":"Q Feng","year":"2024","unstructured":"Feng Q, Cheng K, Zhang L, Wang D, Gao X, Liang J, et al. Rationally designed multimeric nanovaccines using icosahedral DNA origami for display of sars-cov-2 receptor binding domain. Nat Commun. 2024;15(1):9581.","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"issue":"Pt 1","key":"4539_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"133244","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2024.133244","volume":"274","author":"K Yadav","year":"2024","unstructured":"Yadav K, Gnanakani SPE, Sahu KK, Veni Chikkula CK, Vaddi PS, Srilakshmi S, et al. Nano revolution of DNA nanostructures redefining cancer therapeutics-a comprehensive review. Int J Biol Macromol. 2024;274(Pt 1):133244.","journal-title":"Int J Biol Macromol"},{"issue":"5","key":"4539_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e2201518","DOI":"10.1002\/smtd.202201518","volume":"7","author":"R Tian","year":"2023","unstructured":"Tian R, Shang Y, Wang Y, Jiang Q, Ding B. DNA nanomaterials-based platforms for cancer immunotherapy. Small Methods. 2023;7(5):e2201518.","journal-title":"Small Methods"},{"issue":"8","key":"4539_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2204","DOI":"10.1021\/acsptsci.4c00308","volume":"7","author":"J Huang","year":"2024","unstructured":"Huang J, Chakraborty A, Tadepalli LS, Paul A. Adoption of a tetrahedral DNA nanostructure as a multifunctional biomaterial for drug delivery. ACS Pharmacol Transl Sci. 2024;7(8):2204\u201314.","journal-title":"ACS Pharmacol Transl Sci"},{"issue":"46","key":"4539_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e2107820","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.202107820","volume":"34","author":"T Zhang","year":"2022","unstructured":"Zhang T, Tian T, Lin Y. Functionalizing framework nucleic-acid-based nanostructures for biomedical application. Adv Mater. 2022;34(46):e2107820.","journal-title":"Adv Mater"},{"issue":"6","key":"4539_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2506","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.nanolett.2c00275","volume":"22","author":"A Comberlato","year":"2022","unstructured":"Comberlato A, Koga MM, N\u00fcssing S, Parish IA, Bastings MMC. Spatially controlled activation of toll-like receptor 9 with DNA-based nanomaterials. Nano Lett. 2022;22(6):2506\u201313.","journal-title":"Nano Lett"},{"issue":"12","key":"4539_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"20340","DOI":"10.1021\/acsnano.2c06275","volume":"16","author":"RR Du","year":"2022","unstructured":"Du RR, Cedrone E, Romanov A, Falkovich R, Dobrovolskaia MA, Bathe M. Innate immune stimulation using 3d wireframe DNA origami. ACS Nano. 2022;16(12):20340\u201352.","journal-title":"ACS Nano"},{"issue":"7","key":"4539_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"993","DOI":"10.1038\/s41563-024-01865-5","volume":"23","author":"L Li","year":"2024","unstructured":"Li L, Yin J, Ma W, Tang L, Zou J, Yang L, et al. A DNA origami device spatially controls cd95 signalling to induce immune tolerance in rheumatoid arthritis. Nat Mater. 2024;23(7):993\u20131001.","journal-title":"Nat Mater"},{"issue":"6","key":"4539_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e2100083","DOI":"10.1002\/mabi.202100083","volume":"21","author":"Z Dai","year":"2021","unstructured":"Dai Z, Wang L, Wang Z. Functional immunostimulating DNA materials: The rising stars for cancer immunotherapy. Macromol Biosci. 2021;21(6):e2100083.","journal-title":"Macromol Biosci"},{"issue":"1","key":"4539_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"308","DOI":"10.1038\/s42003-023-04689-2","volume":"6","author":"E Oktay","year":"2023","unstructured":"Oktay E, Alem F, Hernandez K, Girgis M, Green C, Mathur D, et al. DNA origami presenting the receptor binding domain of sars-cov-2 elicit robust protective immune response. Commun Biol. 2023;6(1):308.","journal-title":"Commun Biol"},{"issue":"3","key":"4539_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"421","DOI":"10.1038\/s41563-020-0793-6","volume":"20","author":"S Liu","year":"2021","unstructured":"Liu S, Jiang Q, Zhao X, Zhao R, Wang Y, Wang Y, et al. A DNA nanodevice-based vaccine for cancer immunotherapy. Nat Mater. 2021;20(3):421\u201330.","journal-title":"Nat Mater"},{"issue":"3","key":"4539_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2460","DOI":"10.1021\/acsnano.2c09772","volume":"17","author":"Q Shi","year":"2023","unstructured":"Shi Q, Wu Y, Xu Y, Bao M, Chen X, Huang K, et al. Virus mimetic framework DNA as a non-lnp gene carrier for modulated cell endocytosis and apoptosis. ACS Nano. 2023;17(3):2460\u201371.","journal-title":"ACS Nano"},{"issue":"31","key":"4539_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"21442","DOI":"10.1021\/jacs.4c04106","volume":"146","author":"K Huang","year":"2024","unstructured":"Huang K, Yang Q, Bao M, Wang S, Zhao L, Shi Q, et al. Modulated cell internalization behavior of icosahedral DNA framework with programmable surface modification. J Am Chem Soc. 2024;146(31):21442\u201352.","journal-title":"J Am Chem Soc"},{"issue":"7","key":"4539_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3408","DOI":"10.1021\/jacsau.5c00474","volume":"5","author":"L Zhao","year":"2025","unstructured":"Zhao L, Lin X, Ge N, Kuo M, Wang S, Shi Q, et al. Programmable comodification of DNA soccer framework with fluorocarbon and aptamer for efficient sirna delivery. JACS Au. 2025;5(7):3408\u201316.","journal-title":"JACS Au"},{"issue":"2","key":"4539_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033583500002031","volume":"11","author":"GS Manning","year":"1978","unstructured":"Manning GS. The molecular theory of polyelectrolyte solutions with applications to the electrostatic properties of polynucleotides. Q Rev Biophys. 1978;11(2):179\u2013246.","journal-title":"Q Rev Biophys"},{"issue":"7","key":"4539_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2478","DOI":"10.1021\/jacs.7b09024","volume":"140","author":"P Wang","year":"2018","unstructured":"Wang P, Rahman MA, Zhao Z, Weiss K, Zhang C, Chen Z, et al. Visualization of the cellular uptake and trafficking of DNA origami nanostructures in cancer cells. J Am Chem Soc. 2018;140(7):2478\u201384.","journal-title":"J Am Chem Soc"},{"key":"4539_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-bioeng-071811-150124","volume":"14","author":"A Albanese","year":"2012","unstructured":"Albanese A, Tang PS, Chan WC. The effect of nanoparticle size, shape, and surface chemistry on biological systems. Annu Rev Biomed Eng. 2012;14:1\u201316.","journal-title":"Annu Rev Biomed Eng"},{"issue":"17","key":"4539_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7531","DOI":"10.1039\/D1CS00707F","volume":"51","author":"VT Cong","year":"2022","unstructured":"Cong VT, Houng JL, Kavallaris M, Chen X, Tilley RD, Gooding JJ. How can we use the endocytosis pathways to design nanoparticle drug-delivery vehicles to target cancer cells over healthy cells? Chem Soc Rev. 2022;51(17):7531\u201359.","journal-title":"Chem Soc Rev"},{"issue":"4","key":"4539_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e202214731","DOI":"10.1002\/anie.202214731","volume":"62","author":"Y Xu","year":"2023","unstructured":"Xu Y, Yang YR, Shi Q, Ward AB, Huang K, Chen X, et al. An infectious virus-like particle built on a programmable icosahedral DNA framework. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl. 2023;62(4):e202214731.","journal-title":"Angew Chem Int Ed Engl"},{"issue":"1","key":"4539_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1016\/S0952-7915(01)00307-7","volume":"14","author":"L Peiser","year":"2002","unstructured":"Peiser L, Mukhopadhyay S, Gordon S. Scavenger receptors in innate immunity. Curr Opin Immunol. 2002;14(1):123\u20138.","journal-title":"Curr Opin Immunol"},{"issue":"34","key":"4539_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"22878","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M109.018580","volume":"284","author":"P Zhu","year":"2009","unstructured":"Zhu P, Liu X, Treml LS, Cancro MP, Freedman BD. Mechanism and regulatory function of cpg signaling via scavenger receptor b1 in primary b cells. J Biol Chem. 2009;284(34):22878\u201387.","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"issue":"7549","key":"4539_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"702","DOI":"10.1038\/nature14138","volume":"520","author":"U Ohto","year":"2015","unstructured":"Ohto U, Shibata T, Tanji H, Ishida H, Krayukhina E, Uchiyama S, et al. Structural basis of cpg and inhibitory DNA recognition by toll-like receptor 9. Nature. 2015;520(7549):702\u20135.","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"16","key":"4539_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13545","DOI":"10.1021\/jacs.5c00481","volume":"147","author":"Z Lv","year":"2025","unstructured":"Lv Z, Guo X, Zhang R, Yao Y, Shao L, Li S, et al. Dynamic DNA-based nanoadjuvants for tlr9 clustering and innate immune activation in dendritic cells. J Am Chem Soc. 2025;147(16):13545\u201355.","journal-title":"J Am Chem Soc"},{"issue":"6","key":"4539_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e2401041","DOI":"10.1002\/smtd.202401041","volume":"9","author":"K Zou","year":"2025","unstructured":"Zou K, Zhang P, Wang Y, Liu Y, Ji B, Zhan P, et al. Investigation and regulation of DNA nanostructures on activating cgas-sting signaling. Small Methods. 2025;9(6):e2401041.","journal-title":"Small Methods"},{"key":"4539_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1251","DOI":"10.2147\/IJN.S125866","volume":"12","author":"J Gao","year":"2017","unstructured":"Gao J, Ochyl LJ, Yang E, Moon JJ. Cationic liposomes promote antigen cross-presentation in dendritic cells by alkalizing the lysosomal ph and limiting the degradation of antigens. Int J Nanomed. 2017;12:1251\u201364.","journal-title":"Int J Nanomed"},{"key":"4539_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Knauer N, Pashkina E, Apartsin E. Topological aspects of the design of nanocarriers for therapeutic peptides and proteins. Pharmaceutics. 2019;11(2):91.","DOI":"10.3390\/pharmaceutics11020091"},{"issue":"9","key":"4539_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8655","DOI":"10.1021\/acsnano.5b03184","volume":"9","author":"S Zhang","year":"2015","unstructured":"Zhang S, Gao H, Bao G. Physical principles of nanoparticle cellular endocytosis. ACS Nano. 2015;9(9):8655\u201371.","journal-title":"ACS Nano"},{"key":"4539_CR44","first-page":"279","volume":"33","author":"W Wang","year":"2024","unstructured":"Wang W, Lin M, Wang W, Shen Z, Wu ZS. DNA tetrahedral nanostructures for the biomedical application and spatial orientation of biomolecules. Bioact Mater. 2024;33:279\u2013310.","journal-title":"Bioact Mater"},{"key":"4539_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"114185","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2025.114185","volume":"387","author":"J Pan","year":"2025","unstructured":"Pan J, Wang J, Xiao X, Liu C, Qing C, Guo X, et al. DNA nanostructures with 1d, 2d and 3d for intelligent drug delivery. J Control Release. 2025;387:114185.","journal-title":"J Control Release"},{"issue":"15","key":"4539_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"18590","DOI":"10.1021\/acsami.2c20846","volume":"15","author":"L Zheng","year":"2023","unstructured":"Zheng L, Wu H, Wen N, Zhang Y, Wang Z, Peng X, et al. Aptamer-functionalized nanovaccines: Targeting in vivo dc subsets for enhanced antitumor immunity. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces. 2023;15(15):18590\u20137.","journal-title":"ACS Appl Mater Interfaces"},{"key":"4539_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"568","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2024.07.056","volume":"373","author":"J Zheng","year":"2024","unstructured":"Zheng J, Wang M, Pang L, Wang S, Kong Y, Zhu X, et al. Identification of a novel dec-205 binding peptide to develop dendritic cell-targeting nanovaccine for cancer immunotherapy. J Control Release. 2024;373:568\u201382.","journal-title":"J Control Release"},{"issue":"8","key":"4539_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1216","DOI":"10.1038\/s41565-024-01655-9","volume":"19","author":"RA Hills","year":"2024","unstructured":"Hills RA, Tan TK, Cohen AA, Keeffe JR, Keeble AH, Gnanapragasam PNP, et al. Proactive vaccination using multiviral quartet nanocages to elicit broad anti-coronavirus responses. Nat Nanotechnol. 2024;19(8):1216\u201323.","journal-title":"Nat Nanotechnol"},{"issue":"Pt A","key":"4539_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addr.2015.09.012","volume":"99","author":"JS Suk","year":"2016","unstructured":"Suk JS, Xu Q, Kim N, Hanes J, Ensign LM. Pegylation as a strategy for improving nanoparticle-based drug and gene delivery. Adv Drug Deliv Rev. 2016;99(Pt A):28\u201351.","journal-title":"Adv Drug Deliv Rev"}],"container-title":["Journal of Nanobiotechnology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s12951-026-04539-3","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12951-026-04539-3.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12951-026-04539-3.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,17]],"date-time":"2026-07-17T01:02:17Z","timestamp":1784250137000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1186\/s12951-026-04539-3"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,19]]},"references-count":49,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]}},"alternative-id":["4539"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12951-026-04539-3","relation":{},"ISSN":["1477-3155"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1477-3155","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,19]]},"assertion":[{"value":"22 December 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"1 May 2026","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"19 May 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","label":"Competing interests","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}}],"article-number":"665"}}