{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,29]],"date-time":"2026-10-29T19:53:22Z","timestamp":1793303602270,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,14]],"date-time":"2026-05-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1778716800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,10]],"date-time":"2026-07-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1783641600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":57,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"the National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["82341231"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82341231"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Nanobiotechnol"],"DOI":"10.1186\/s12951-026-04549-1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,14]],"date-time":"2026-05-14T12:04:51Z","timestamp":1778760291000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Stiffness-dependent CMOT hydrogels promote mucosal repair in ulcerative colitis through YAP\u2011mediated mechanosensing in intestinal epithelial cells"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"Guihua","family":"Chen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zebin","family":"Fang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Meidan","family":"Feng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhining","family":"Ye","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zeyun","family":"Gu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yongyin","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Haomeng","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bin","family":"Tu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wei","family":"Xiong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiangxue","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yongzhuo","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shaogang","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"4549_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"716","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2023.23814","volume":"331","author":"R Voelker","year":"2024","unstructured":"Voelker R. What Is Ulcerative Colitis? JAMA. 2024;331:716.","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"4549_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"892","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tips.2024.08.003","volume":"45","author":"P Wangchuk","year":"2024","unstructured":"Wangchuk P, Yeshi K, Loukas A. Ulcerative colitis: clinical biomarkers, therapeutic targets, and emerging treatments. Trends Pharmacol Sci. 2024;45:892\u2013903.","journal-title":"Trends Pharmacol Sci"},{"key":"4549_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1186\/s13619-022-00137-4","volume":"11","author":"F Meng","year":"2022","unstructured":"Meng F, Shen C, Yang L, Ni C, Huang J, Lin K, Cao Z, Xu S, Cui W, Wang X, et al. Mechanical stretching boosts expansion and regeneration of intestinal organoids through fueling stem cell self-renewal. Cell Regeneration (London England). 2022;11:39.","journal-title":"Cell Regeneration (London England)"},{"key":"4549_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.2174\/1574888X11666160905092513","volume":"12","author":"S Yi","year":"2017","unstructured":"Yi S, Ding F, Gong L, Gu X. Extracellular Matrix Scaffolds for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine. Curr Stem Cell Res Therapy. 2017;12:233\u201346.","journal-title":"Curr Stem Cell Res Therapy"},{"key":"4549_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"324","DOI":"10.1038\/nrgastro.2016.59","volume":"13","author":"AW Hong","year":"2016","unstructured":"Hong AW, Meng Z, Guan K-L. The Hippo pathway in intestinal regeneration and disease. Nat Reviews Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2016;13:324\u201337.","journal-title":"Nat Reviews Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"4549_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1287","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.00005.2014","volume":"94","author":"S Piccolo","year":"2014","unstructured":"Piccolo S, Dupont S, Cordenonsi M. The biology of YAP\/TAZ: hippo signaling and beyond. Physiol Rev. 2014;94:1287\u2013312.","journal-title":"Physiol Rev"},{"issue":"1","key":"4549_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1016\/j.stem.2017.11.001","volume":"22","author":"S Yui","year":"2017","unstructured":"Yui S, Azzolin L, Maimets M, Pedersen MT, Fordham RP, Hansen SL, Larsen HL, Guiu J, Alves MRP, Rundsten CF, et al. YAP\/TAZ-dependent reprogramming of colonic epithelium links ECM remodeling to tissue regeneration. Cell Stem Cell. 2017;22(1):35\u201349.","journal-title":"Cell Stem Cell"},{"key":"4549_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"895","DOI":"10.1038\/s41580-023-00644-5","volume":"24","author":"JH Driskill","year":"2023","unstructured":"Driskill JH, Pan D. Control of stem cell renewal and fate by YAP and TAZ. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol. 2023;24:895\u2013911.","journal-title":"Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol"},{"issue":"1","key":"4549_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1038\/ncb3084","volume":"17","author":"M Imajo","year":"2014","unstructured":"Imajo M, Ebisuya M, Nishida E. Dual role of YAP and TAZ in renewal of the intestinal epithelium. Nat Cell Biol. 2014;17(1):7\u201319.","journal-title":"Nat Cell Biol"},{"key":"4549_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"106","DOI":"10.1038\/nature11693","volume":"493","author":"ER Barry","year":"2012","unstructured":"Barry ER, Morikawa T, Butler BL, Shrestha K, de la Rosa R, Yan KS, Fuchs CS, Magness ST, Smits R, Ogino S, et al. Restriction of intestinal stem cell expansion and the regenerative response by YAP. Nature. 2012;493:106\u201310.","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"2","key":"4549_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"278","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2016.04.001","volume":"151","author":"R Yaeger","year":"2016","unstructured":"Yaeger R, Shah MA, Miller VA, Kelsen JR, Wang K, Heins ZJ, Ross JS, He Y, Sanford E, Yantiss RK, et al. Genomic alterations observed in colitis-associated cancers are distinct from those found in sporadic colorectal cancers and vary by type of inflammatory bowel disease. Gastroenterology. 2016;151(2):278\u201387.","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"4549_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"435","DOI":"10.1016\/j.devcel.2020.07.009","volume":"54","author":"JH Hageman","year":"2020","unstructured":"Hageman JH, Heinz MC, Kretzschmar K, van der Vaart J, Clevers H, Snippert HJG. Intestinal Regeneration: Regulation by the Microenvironment. Dev Cell. 2020;54:435\u201346.","journal-title":"Dev Cell"},{"key":"4549_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"894737","DOI":"10.3389\/fcell.2022.894737","volume":"10","author":"F Deng","year":"2022","unstructured":"Deng F, Wu Z, Zou F, Wang S, Wang X. The Hippo-YAP\/TAZ Signaling Pathway in Intestinal Self-Renewal and Regeneration After Injury. Front Cell Dev Biology. 2022;10:894737.","journal-title":"Front Cell Dev Biology"},{"issue":"7","key":"4549_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1137","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2023.02.030","volume":"164","author":"S He","year":"2023","unstructured":"He S, Lei P, Kang W, Cheung P, Xu T, Mana M, Park CY, Wang H, Imada S, Russell JO, et al. Stiffness restricts the stemness of the intestinal stem cells and skews their differentiation toward goblet cells. Gastroenterology. 2023;164(7):1137\u201351.","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"4549_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"131122","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2024.131122","volume":"266","author":"P Rakshit","year":"2024","unstructured":"Rakshit P, Giri TK, Mukherjee K. Research progresses on carboxymethyl xanthan gum: Review of synthesis, physicochemical properties, rheological characterization and applications in drug delivery. Int J Biol Macromol. 2024;266:131122.","journal-title":"Int J Biol Macromol"},{"key":"4549_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"603","DOI":"10.1186\/s12951-025-03653-y","volume":"23","author":"J Yang","year":"2025","unstructured":"Yang J, Li R, Wang X, Lu D, Li W, Wang Y. Mechanically tunable fiber-based hydrogel activates PIEZO1-integrin axis for enhanced bone repair. J Nanobiotechnol. 2025;23:603.","journal-title":"J Nanobiotechnol"},{"key":"4549_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"326","DOI":"10.1038\/nmat4489","volume":"15","author":"O Chaudhuri","year":"2015","unstructured":"Chaudhuri O, Gu L, Klumpers D, Darnell M, Bencherif SA, Weaver JC, Huebsch N, Lee H-P, Lippens E, Duda GN, Mooney DJ. Hydrogels with tunable stress relaxation regulate stem cell fate and activity. Nat Mater. 2015;15:326\u201334.","journal-title":"Nat Mater"},{"key":"4549_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"155779","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2024.155779","volume":"132","author":"R Jia","year":"2024","unstructured":"Jia R, Zheng H, Li S, Chen W, Yang Y, Wu H, Chen H, Qin S, Huang S. QingChang-XiaoPi decoction ameliorates intestinal inflammation of ulcerative colitis by regulating the pathogenicity of Th17 cells. Phytomedicine: Int J Phytotherapy Phytopharmacology. 2024;132:155779.","journal-title":"Phytomedicine: Int J Phytotherapy Phytopharmacology"},{"key":"4549_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"123378","DOI":"10.1016\/j.carbpol.2025.123378","volume":"357","author":"G Chen","year":"2025","unstructured":"Chen G, Yang C, Xu X, Yang L, Zhang Y, Cai C, Muhitdinov B, Turaev A, Qiu H, Huang S, et al. Multifunctional hydrogel dressing composed of trichosanthes polysaccharide and carboxymethyl chitosan accelerates cachectic wound healing and reduces scar hyperplasia. Carbohydr Polym. 2025;357:123378.","journal-title":"Carbohydr Polym"},{"key":"4549_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"366","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2017.05.067","volume":"103","author":"T Kutlusoy","year":"2017","unstructured":"Kutlusoy T, Oktay B, Apohan NK, S\u00fcleymano\u011flu M, Kuruca SE. Chitosan-co-Hyaluronic acid porous cryogels and their application in tissue engineering. Int J Biol Macromol. 2017;103:366\u201378.","journal-title":"Int J Biol Macromol"},{"key":"4549_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"C1224","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpcell.00518.2010","volume":"301","author":"LS Chaturvedi","year":"2011","unstructured":"Chaturvedi LS, Marsh HM, Basson MD. Role of RhoA and its effectors ROCK and mDia1 in the modulation of deformation-induced FAK, ERK, p38, and MLC motogenic signals in human Caco-2 intestinal epithelial cells. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol. 2011;301:C1224\u201338.","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Cell Physiol"},{"key":"4549_CR22","first-page":"e10717","volume":"12","author":"Z Li","year":"2025","unstructured":"Li Z, Li J, Chen K, Qu G, Yang S, Li S, Liu Y, Teng Y, Ma R, Huang J, et al. Mechanically Active Hydrogel for Healing Intestinal Fistulas through the YAP-Mediated Mechanosensitization of Intestinal Epithelial Cells. Adv Sci (Weinheim Baden-Wurttemberg Germany). 2025;12:e10717.","journal-title":"Adv Sci (Weinheim Baden-Wurttemberg Germany)"},{"key":"4549_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"715","DOI":"10.1038\/nature15382","volume":"526","author":"A Gregorieff","year":"2015","unstructured":"Gregorieff A, Liu Y, Inanlou MR, Khomchuk Y, Wrana JL. Yap-dependent reprogramming of Lgr5(+) stem cells drives intestinal regeneration and cancer. Nature. 2015;526:715\u20138.","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"4549_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1047","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2013.07.042","volume":"154","author":"M Aragona","year":"2013","unstructured":"Aragona M, Panciera T, Manfrin A, Giulitti S, Michielin F, Elvassore N, Dupont S, Piccolo S. A mechanical checkpoint controls multicellular growth through YAP\/TAZ regulation by actin-processing factors. Cell. 2013;154:1047\u201359.","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"4549_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"280","DOI":"10.1631\/jzus.B2300497","volume":"25","author":"S Lin","year":"2024","unstructured":"Lin S, He X, Wang Y, Chen Y, Lin A. Emerging role of lncRNAs as mechanical signaling molecules in mechanotransduction and their association with Hippo-YAP signaling: a review. J Zhejiang Univ Sci B. 2024;25:280\u201392.","journal-title":"J Zhejiang Univ Sci B"},{"key":"4549_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4457","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-020-18262-6","volume":"11","author":"W Yang","year":"2020","unstructured":"Yang W, Yu T, Huang X, Bilotta AJ, Xu L, Lu Y, Sun J, Pan F, Zhou J, Zhang W, et al. Intestinal microbiota-derived short-chain fatty acids regulation of immune cell IL-22 production and gut immunity. Nat Commun. 2020;11:4457.","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"4549_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1968257","DOI":"10.1080\/19490976.2021.1968257","volume":"13","author":"G Li","year":"2021","unstructured":"Li G, Lin J, Zhang C, Gao H, Lu H, Gao X, Zhu R, Li Z, Li M, Liu Z. Microbiota metabolite butyrate constrains neutrophil functions and ameliorates mucosal inflammation in inflammatory bowel disease. Gut Microbes. 2021;13:1968257.","journal-title":"Gut Microbes"},{"key":"4549_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"467","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actbio.2025.04.016","volume":"198","author":"Y Chen","year":"2025","unstructured":"Chen Y, Bi S, Zhang X, Chen J, Xin J, Liu Z, Guan Q, Qiu P, Wang P, Liu J. Engineered probiotics remodel the intestinal epithelial barrier and enhance bacteriotherapy for inflammatory bowel diseases. Acta Biomater. 2025;198:467\u201381.","journal-title":"Acta Biomater"}],"container-title":["Journal of Nanobiotechnology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s12951-026-04549-1","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12951-026-04549-1.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12951-026-04549-1.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,10]],"date-time":"2026-07-10T03:44:32Z","timestamp":1783655072000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1186\/s12951-026-04549-1"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,14]]},"references-count":28,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]}},"alternative-id":["4549"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12951-026-04549-1","relation":{},"ISSN":["1477-3155"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1477-3155","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,14]]},"assertion":[{"value":"27 January 2026","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"4 May 2026","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"14 May 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"All animal experiments in this study were approved by the Experimental Animal Ethics Committee of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine (approval number: 20250912008).","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Yes, all the authors read and approved the manuscript.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"641"}}