{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,13]],"date-time":"2026-08-13T02:28:59Z","timestamp":1786588139504,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,9]],"date-time":"2026-06-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780963200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,13]],"date-time":"2026-08-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1786579200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":65,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"name":"Shandong Cancer Hospital","award":["rcyj-202603"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["rcyj-202603"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["T2522033"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["T2522033"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Nanobiotechnol"],"DOI":"10.1186\/s12951-026-04575-z","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,9]],"date-time":"2026-06-09T04:13:27Z","timestamp":1780978407000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["A neutrophil-tumor cascade-targeting Trojan horse for heterobifunctional prodrug delivery to enhance cGAS-STING cancer immunotherapy"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"Huamiao","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yang","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qiuchen","family":"Bi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Heping","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Huiwen","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhao","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhangqiang","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Huiping","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaoling","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiaqi","family":"Cao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xin","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhe","family":"Tang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaoyuan","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Longguang","family":"Tang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kesong","family":"Peng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,9]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"4575_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1038\/ni1282","volume":"7","author":"KJ Ishii","year":"2006","unstructured":"Ishii KJ, Coban C, Kato H, Takahashi K, Torii Y, Takeshita F, et al. A Toll-like receptor-independent antiviral response induced by double-stranded B-form DNA. Nat Immunol. 2006;7(1):40\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/ni1282.","journal-title":"Nat Immunol"},{"issue":"7213","key":"4575_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"674","DOI":"10.1038\/nature07317","volume":"455","author":"H Ishikawa","year":"2008","unstructured":"Ishikawa H, Barber GN. STING is an endoplasmic reticulum adaptor that facilitates innate immune signalling. Nature. 2008;455(7213):674\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/nature07317.","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"6121","key":"4575_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"786","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1232458","volume":"339","author":"L Sun","year":"2013","unstructured":"Sun L, Wu J, Du F, Chen X, Chen ZJ. Cyclic GMP-AMP synthase is a cytosolic DNA sensor that activates the type I interferon pathway. Science. 2013;339(6121):786\u201391. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1126\/science.1232458.","journal-title":"Science"},{"issue":"6121","key":"4575_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"826","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1229963","volume":"339","author":"J Wu","year":"2013","unstructured":"Wu J, Sun L, Chen X, Du F, Shi H, Chen C, et al. Cyclic GMP-AMP is an endogenous second messenger in innate immune signaling by cytosolic DNA. Science. 2013;339(6121):826\u201330. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1126\/science.1229963.","journal-title":"Science"},{"issue":"4","key":"4575_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"718","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2024.02.019","volume":"57","author":"S Dvorkin","year":"2024","unstructured":"Dvorkin S, Cambier S, Volkman HE, Stetson DB. New frontiers in the cGAS-STING intracellular DNA-sensing pathway. Immunity. 2024;57(4):718\u201330. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.immuni.2024.02.019.","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"4575_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/vaccines13040371","author":"Y Shen","year":"2025","unstructured":"Shen Y, Huang W, Nie J, Zhang L. Progress update on STING agonists as vaccine adjuvants. Vaccines (Basel). 2025. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/vaccines13040371.","journal-title":"Vaccines (Basel)"},{"key":"4575_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.copbio.2024.103105","author":"J Wang","year":"2024","unstructured":"Wang J, Meng F, Yeo Y. Delivery of STING agonists for cancer immunotherapy. Curr Opin Biotechnol. 2024. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.copbio.2024.103105.","journal-title":"Curr Opin Biotechnol"},{"key":"4575_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules29133121","author":"X Yu","year":"2024","unstructured":"Yu X, Cai L, Yao J, Li C, Wang X. Agonists and inhibitors of the cGAS-STING pathway. Molecules. 2024. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/molecules29133121.","journal-title":"Molecules"},{"issue":"10","key":"4575_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.202412654","volume":"37","author":"M Zhang","year":"2025","unstructured":"Zhang M, Wang Y, Li B, Yang B, Zhao M, Li B, et al. STING-activating polymers boost lymphatic delivery of mRNA vaccine to potentiate cancer immunotherapy. Adv Mater. 2025;37(10):e2412654. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/adma.202412654.","journal-title":"Adv Mater"},{"issue":"7736","key":"4575_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"439","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-018-0705-y","volume":"564","author":"JM Ramanjulu","year":"2018","unstructured":"Ramanjulu JM, Pesiridis GS, Yang J, Concha N, Singhaus R, Zhang SY, et al. Design of amidobenzimidazole STING receptor agonists with systemic activity. Nature. 2018;564(7736):439\u201343. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41586-018-0705-y.","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"4575_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-023-40312-y","author":"X Chen","year":"2023","unstructured":"Chen X, Meng F, Xu Y, Li T, Chen X, Wang H. Chemically programmed STING-activating nano-liposomal vesicles improve anticancer immunity. Nat Commun. 2023. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41467-023-40312-y.","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"4575_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aba6098","author":"B-S Pan","year":"2020","unstructured":"Pan B-S, Perera SA, Piesvaux JA, Presland JP, Schroeder GK, Cumming JN, et al. An orally available non-nucleotide STING agonist with antitumor activity. Science. 2020. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1126\/science.aba6098.","journal-title":"Science"},{"issue":"7976","key":"4575_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1080","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-023-06464-z","volume":"620","author":"J Li","year":"2023","unstructured":"Li J, Hubisz MJ, Earlie EM, Duran MA, Hong C, Varela AA, et al. Non-cell-autonomous cancer progression from chromosomal instability. Nature. 2023;620(7976):1080\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41586-023-06464-z.","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"7901","key":"4575_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"439","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-022-04422-9","volume":"603","author":"JA McIntosh","year":"2022","unstructured":"McIntosh JA, Liu Z, Andresen BM, Marzijarani NS, Moore JC, Marshall NM, et al. A kinase-cGAS cascade to synthesize a therapeutic STING activator. Nature. 2022;603(7901):439\u201344. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41586-022-04422-9.","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"5","key":"4575_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"583","DOI":"10.1158\/2326-6066.Cir-22-0483","volume":"11","author":"J Han","year":"2023","unstructured":"Han J, Hu S, Hu Y, Xu Y, Hou Y, Yang Y, et al. Discovery of Podofilox as a potent cGAMP-STING signaling enhancer with antitumor activity. Cancer Immunol Res. 2023;11(5):583\u201399. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1158\/2326-6066.Cir-22-0483.","journal-title":"Cancer Immunol Res"},{"issue":"7931","key":"4575_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"373","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-022-05254-3","volume":"610","author":"S Li","year":"2022","unstructured":"Li S, Mirlekar B, Johnson BM, Brickey WJ, Wrobel JA, Yang N, et al. STING-induced regulatory B cells compromise NK function in cancer immunity. Nature. 2022;610(7931):373\u201380. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41586-022-05254-3.","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"3","key":"4575_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1038\/s41573-018-0007-y","volume":"18","author":"J Galon","year":"2019","unstructured":"Galon J, Bruni D. Approaches to treat immune hot, altered and cold tumours with combination immunotherapies. Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2019;18(3):197\u2013218. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41573-018-0007-y.","journal-title":"Nat Rev Drug Discov"},{"issue":"12","key":"4575_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1061","DOI":"10.1158\/2326-6066.Cir-16-0104","volume":"4","author":"E Moore","year":"2016","unstructured":"Moore E, Clavijo PE, Davis R, Cash H, Van Waes C, Kim Y, et al. Established T Cell\u2013inflamed tumors rejected after adaptive resistance was reversed by combination STING activation and PD-1 pathway blockade. Cancer Immunol Res. 2016;4(12):1061\u201371. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1158\/2326-6066.Cir-16-0104.","journal-title":"Cancer Immunol Res"},{"issue":"6506","key":"4575_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"993","DOI":"10.1126\/science.abb4255","volume":"369","author":"EN Chin","year":"2020","unstructured":"Chin EN, Yu C, Vartabedian VF, Jia Y, Kumar M, Gamo AM, et al. Antitumor activity of a systemic STING-activating non-nucleotide cGAMP mimetic. Science. 2020;369(6506):993\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1126\/science.abb4255.","journal-title":"Science"},{"issue":"12","key":"4575_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1410","DOI":"10.12435\/j.issn.2095-5227.2023.109","volume":"44","author":"L He","year":"2023","unstructured":"He L, Luo T, Yu J, Liang P. Advances in tumor treatment research based on cGAS\/STING signaling pathway. Acad J Chin PLA Med Sch. 2023;44(12):1410\u20134. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.12435\/j.issn.2095-5227.2023.109.","journal-title":"Acad J Chin PLA Med Sch"},{"key":"4575_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2022.109304","author":"R Huang","year":"2022","unstructured":"Huang R, Ning Q, Zhao J, Zhao X, Zeng L, Yi Y, et al. Targeting STING for cancer immunotherapy: from mechanisms to translation. Int Immunopharmacol. 2022. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.intimp.2022.109304.","journal-title":"Int Immunopharmacol"},{"issue":"6","key":"4575_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"710","DOI":"10.1038\/s41563-022-01251-z","volume":"21","author":"EL Dane","year":"2022","unstructured":"Dane EL, Belessiotis-Richards A, Backlund C, Wang J, Hidaka K, Milling LE, et al. STING agonist delivery by tumour-penetrating PEG-lipid nanodiscs primes robust anticancer immunity. Nat Mater. 2022;21(6):710\u201320. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41563-022-01251-z.","journal-title":"Nat Mater"},{"issue":"3","key":"4575_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"503","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ccell.2025.02.014","volume":"43","author":"H Song","year":"2025","unstructured":"Song H, Chen L, Pan X, Shen Y, Ye M, Wang G, et al. Targeting tumor monocyte-intrinsic PD-L1 by rewiring STING signaling and enhancing STING agonist therapy. Cancer Cell. 2025;43(3):503-18.e10. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ccell.2025.02.014.","journal-title":"Cancer Cell"},{"issue":"1","key":"4575_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"277","DOI":"10.7150\/thno.101001","volume":"15","author":"A Deng","year":"2025","unstructured":"Deng A, Fan R, Hai Y, Zhuang J, Zhang B, Lu X, et al. A STING agonist prodrug reprograms tumor-associated macrophage to boost colorectal cancer immunotherapy. Theranostics. 2025;15(1):277\u201399. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7150\/thno.101001.","journal-title":"Theranostics"},{"issue":"3","key":"4575_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1178","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1303051","volume":"194","author":"VM Stoecklein","year":"2015","unstructured":"Stoecklein VM, Osuka A, Ishikawa S, Lederer MR, Wanke-Jellinek L, Lederer JA. Radiation exposure induces inflammasome pathway activation in immune cells. J Immunol. 2015;194(3):1178\u201389. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4049\/jimmunol.1303051.","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"issue":"12","key":"4575_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1119","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1707914","volume":"377","author":"PM Ridker","year":"2017","unstructured":"Ridker PM, Everett BM, Thuren T, MacFadyen JG, Chang WH, Ballantyne C, et al. Antiinflammatory therapy with Canakinumab for atherosclerotic disease. N Engl J Med. 2017;377(12):1119\u201331. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1056\/NEJMoa1707914.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"9","key":"4575_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1004","DOI":"10.1038\/s41565-022-01161-w","volume":"17","author":"MA Cruz","year":"2022","unstructured":"Cruz MA, Bohinc D, Andraska EA, Alvikas J, Raghunathan S, Masters NA, et al. Nanomedicine platform for targeting activated neutrophils and neutrophil\u2013platelet complexes using an \u03b11-antitrypsin-derived peptide motif. Nat Nanotechnol. 2022;17(9):1004\u201314. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41565-022-01161-w.","journal-title":"Nat Nanotechnol"},{"key":"4575_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12951-023-01827-0","author":"N Zhang","year":"2023","unstructured":"Zhang N, Ru B, Hu J, Xu L, Wan Q, Liu W, et al. Recent advances of CREKA peptide-based nanoplatforms in biomedical applications. J Nanobiotechnol. 2023. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12951-023-01827-0.","journal-title":"J Nanobiotechnol"},{"issue":"1","key":"4575_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"366","DOI":"10.1039\/c6sc01831a","volume":"8","author":"TH Pillow","year":"2017","unstructured":"Pillow TH, Sadowsky JD, Zhang D, Yu S-F, Del Rosario G, Xu K, et al. Decoupling stability and release in disulfide bonds with antibody-small molecule conjugates. Chem Sci. 2017;8(1):366\u201370. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1039\/c6sc01831a.","journal-title":"Chem Sci"},{"key":"4575_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.abe3588","author":"S Wang","year":"2021","unstructured":"Wang S, Zhang L, Zhao J, He M, Huang Y, Zhao S. A tumor microenvironment-induced absorption red-shifted polymer nanoparticle for simultaneously activated photoacoustic imaging and photothermal therapy. Sci Adv. 2021. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1126\/sciadv.abe3588.","journal-title":"Sci Adv"},{"issue":"18","key":"4575_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7862","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.nanolett.1c03089","volume":"21","author":"X Liu","year":"2021","unstructured":"Liu X, Li Y, Wang K, Chen Y, Shi M, Zhang X, et al. GSH-responsive nanoprodrug to inhibit glycolysis and alleviate immunosuppression for cancer therapy. Nano Lett. 2021;21(18):7862\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1021\/acs.nanolett.1c03089.","journal-title":"Nano Lett"},{"issue":"7370","key":"4575_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"515","DOI":"10.1038\/nature10429","volume":"478","author":"DL Burdette","year":"2011","unstructured":"Burdette DL, Monroe KM, Sotelo-Troha K, Iwig JS, Eckert B, Hyodo M, et al. STING is a direct innate immune sensor of cyclic di-GMP. Nature. 2011;478(7370):515\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/nature10429.","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"49","key":"4575_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"16171","DOI":"10.1021\/bi00049a032","volume":"34","author":"TG Liou","year":"1995","unstructured":"Liou TG, Campbell EJ. Nonisotropic enzyme--inhibitor interactions: a novel nonoxidative mechanism for quantum proteolysis by human neutrophils. Biochemistry. 1995;34(49):16171\u20137. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1021\/bi00049a032.","journal-title":"Biochemistry"},{"issue":"17","key":"4575_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"19679","DOI":"10.1021\/acsami.1c02302","volume":"13","author":"X Zhang","year":"2021","unstructured":"Zhang X, Li X, Sun S, Wang P, Ma X, Hou R, et al. Anti-tumor metastasis via platelet inhibitor combined with photothermal therapy under activatable fluorescence\/magnetic resonance bimodal imaging guidance. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces. 2021;13(17):19679\u201394. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1021\/acsami.1c02302.","journal-title":"ACS Appl Mater Interfaces"},{"issue":"9","key":"4575_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1853","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20100239","volume":"207","author":"P Li","year":"2010","unstructured":"Li P, Li M, Lindberg MR, Kennett MJ, Xiong N, Wang Y. PAD4 is essential for antibacterial innate immunity mediated by neutrophil extracellular traps. J Exp Med. 2010;207(9):1853\u201362. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1084\/jem.20100239.","journal-title":"J Exp Med"},{"issue":"5","key":"4575_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"647","DOI":"10.1002\/path.5389","volume":"250","author":"WH McBride","year":"2020","unstructured":"McBride WH, Schaue D. Radiation-induced tissue damage and response. J Pathol. 2020;250(5):647\u201355. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/path.5389.","journal-title":"J Pathol"},{"issue":"38","key":"4575_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/md.0000000000021964","volume":"99","author":"L Pan","year":"2020","unstructured":"Pan L, Lei D, Wang W, Luo Y, Wang D. Heart dose linked with cardiac events and overall survival in lung cancer radiotherapy: a meta-analysis. Medicine (Baltimore). 2020;99(38):e21964. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/md.0000000000021964.","journal-title":"Medicine (Baltimore)"},{"issue":"1","key":"4575_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.xcrp.2023.101752","volume":"5","author":"W Fang","year":"2024","unstructured":"Fang W, Jing Z, Li Y, Zhang Z, Lin Z, Yang Z, et al. Harnessing enucleated cancer cells as Trojan horse cell vaccines. Cell Rep Phys Sci. 2024;5(1):101752. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.xcrp.2023.101752.","journal-title":"Cell Rep Phys Sci"},{"key":"4575_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/pharmaceutics17030280","author":"K Lei","year":"2025","unstructured":"Lei K, Zhou L, Dan M, Yang F, Jian T, Xin J, et al. Trojan Horse delivery strategies of natural medicine monomers: challenges and limitations in improving brain targeting. Pharmaceutics. 2025. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/pharmaceutics17030280.","journal-title":"Pharmaceutics"}],"container-title":["Journal of Nanobiotechnology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s12951-026-04575-z","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12951-026-04575-z.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12951-026-04575-z.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,13]],"date-time":"2026-08-13T02:16:28Z","timestamp":1786587388000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1186\/s12951-026-04575-z"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,9]]},"references-count":39,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]}},"alternative-id":["4575"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12951-026-04575-z","relation":{},"ISSN":["1477-3155"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1477-3155","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,9]]},"assertion":[{"value":"17 January 2026","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"12 May 2026","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"9 June 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"All animal experiments were performed by the Zhejiang University guidelines for the care and use of laboratory animals, and approved by the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee of the Zhejiang University with approval number ZJU20240840.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","label":"Consent for publication","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Xiaoyuan Chen is a co-founder of and holds shares in Yantai Lannacheng Biotechnology Co., Ltd. Other authors declare no competing interests.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","label":"Competing interests","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}}],"article-number":"746"}}