{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,12]],"date-time":"2026-09-12T03:55:13Z","timestamp":1789185313590,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,29]],"date-time":"2026-05-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780012800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,3]],"date-time":"2026-08-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785715200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":66,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Nanobiotechnol"],"DOI":"10.1186\/s12951-026-04590-0","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,29]],"date-time":"2026-05-29T12:18:48Z","timestamp":1780057128000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Nano-armed bcg delivers Cu-Fe MOF to trigger dual cell death in bladder cancer"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"Yang","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fangdie","family":"Ye","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gang","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lili","family":"Cheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yang","family":"Song","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shijie","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bo","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"4590_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dobruch J, Oszczud\u0142owski M. Bladder Cancer: Current Challenges and Future Directions. Med (Kaunas Lithuania) 2021;57(8):749.","DOI":"10.3390\/medicina57080749"},{"key":"4590_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"110393","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2020.110393","volume":"129","author":"J Han","year":"2020","unstructured":"Han J, Gu X, Li Y, Wu Q. Mechanisms of BCG in the treatment of bladder cancer-current understanding and the prospect. Biomed pharmacotherapy = Biomedecine pharmacotherapie. 2020;129:110393.","journal-title":"Biomed pharmacotherapy = Biomedecine pharmacotherapie"},{"issue":"2","key":"4590_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0021224","DOI":"10.1128\/cmr.00212-24","volume":"38","author":"N Jian","year":"2025","unstructured":"Jian N, Yu L, Ma L, Zheng B, Huang W. BCG therapy in bladder cancer and its tumor microenvironment interactions. Clin Microbiol Rev. 2025;38(2):e0021224.","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Rev"},{"issue":"3","key":"4590_CR4","first-page":"153","volume":"11","author":"G Redelman-Sidi","year":"2014","unstructured":"Redelman-Sidi G, Glickman MS, Bochner BH. The mechanism of action of BCG therapy for bladder cancer\u2013a current perspective, Nature reviews. Urology. 2014;11(3):153\u201362.","journal-title":"Urology"},{"key":"4590_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1648698","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2025.1648698","volume":"16","author":"F Li","year":"2025","unstructured":"Li F, Wang D, Gao Y, Cui Y. Bladder cancer immunotherapy parallel advances in BCG optimization and next-generation vaccine platforms. Front Immunol. 2025;16:1648698.","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"issue":"8","key":"4590_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"295","DOI":"10.31083\/j.fbl2908295","volume":"29","author":"M Abou Chakra","year":"2024","unstructured":"Abou Chakra M, Luo Y, Duquesne I, M AOD. Update on the Mechanism of Action of Intravesical BCG Therapy to Treat Non-Muscle-Invasive Bladder Cancer, Frontiers in bioscience. (Landmark edition). 2024;29(8):295.","journal-title":"(Landmark edition)"},{"issue":"6","key":"4590_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"666","DOI":"10.1097\/MOU.0000000000001345","volume":"35","author":"CH Wong","year":"2025","unstructured":"Wong CH, Leung DK, Gontero P, Teoh JY. Gene-mediated therapy for BCG-unresponsive nonmuscle-invasive bladder cancer: mechanisms, clinical evidence, and practical implementation. Curr Opin Urol. 2025;35(6):666\u201373.","journal-title":"Curr Opin Urol"},{"key":"4590_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"103878","DOI":"10.1016\/j.redox.2025.103878","volume":"87","author":"X Shi","year":"2025","unstructured":"ShiX, Zhao Y, Gao HY, Yang W, Liao J, Wang HH, Wang XT, Yan W. NFS1, together with FXN, protects cells from ferroptosis and DNA damage in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. Redox Biol. 2025;87:103878. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.redox.2025.103878","journal-title":"Redox Biol"},{"issue":"2","key":"4590_CR9","first-page":"1063","volume":"31","author":"S Lidagoster","year":"2024","unstructured":"Lidagoster S, Ben-David R, De Leon B, Sfakianos JP. BCG and Alternative Therapies to BCG Therapy for Non-Muscle-Invasive Bladder Cancer, Current oncology (Toronto. Ont). 2024;31(2):1063\u201378.","journal-title":"Ont)"},{"issue":"1","key":"4590_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0019423","DOI":"10.1128\/cmr.00194-23","volume":"38","author":"GD Liatsos","year":"2025","unstructured":"Liatsos GD, Mariolis I, Hadziyannis E, Bamias A, Vassilopoulos D. Review of BCG immunotherapy for bladder cancer. Clin Microbiol Rev. 2025;38(1):e0019423.","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Rev"},{"key":"4590_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"977","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2017.00977","volume":"8","author":"JH Buss","year":"2017","unstructured":"Buss JH, Begnini KR, Bender CB, Pohlmann AR, Guterres SS, Collares T, Seixas FK. Nano-BCG: A Promising Delivery System for Treatment of Human Bladder Cancer. Front Pharmacol. 2017;8:977.","journal-title":"Front Pharmacol"},{"issue":"1","key":"4590_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1515\/jtim-2025-0004","volume":"13","author":"Z Guo","year":"2025","unstructured":"Guo Z, Liu Y, Chen D, Sun Y, Li D, Meng Y, Zhou Q, Zeng F, Deng G, Chen X. Targeting regulated cell death: Apoptosis, necroptosis, pyroptosis, ferroptosis, and cuproptosis in anticancer immunity. J translational Intern Med. 2025;13(1):10\u201332.","journal-title":"J translational Intern Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"4590_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"156","DOI":"10.1515\/jtim-2025-0020","volume":"13","author":"Y Guo","year":"2025","unstructured":"Guo Y, Huang J, Lin M, Yin Q, Zhang T, Guo Z, Tang Y, Cheng R, Wang Y, Peng Y, Cao X, Wang Y, Qi X, Liu Y, Xue L. Nano particle loaded EZH2 inhibitors: Increased efficiency and reduced toxicity for malignant solid tumors. J translational Intern Med. 2025;13(2):156\u201369.","journal-title":"J translational Intern Med"},{"issue":"46","key":"4590_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e14085","DOI":"10.1002\/advs.202514085","volume":"12","author":"J Zang","year":"2025","unstructured":"ZangJ, Ren Z, Wang H, Yang X, Song Y, Liao J, Li X. Emerging Nanozyme Strategies for Precision Breast Cancer Treatment. Adv Sci (Weinheim Baden-Wurttemberg Germany). 2025;12(46):e14085. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/advs.202514085","journal-title":"Adv Sci (Weinheim Baden-Wurttemberg Germany)"},{"key":"4590_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"114665","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2026.114665","volume":"392","author":"J Liao","year":"2026","unstructured":"Liao J, Huang Q, Li R, Gong L, Li T, Lin Z. Long-acting nanomedicine for brain diseases. J Control Release. 2026;392:114665.","journal-title":"J Control Release"},{"issue":"10","key":"4590_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1962","DOI":"10.1039\/D4CC06510G","volume":"61","author":"C Zhao","year":"2025","unstructured":"Zhao C, Song W, Wang J, Tang X, Jiang Z. Immunoadjuvant-functionalized metal-organic frameworks: synthesis and applications in tumor immune modulation, Chemical communications. (Cambridge England). 2025;61(10):1962\u201377.","journal-title":"(Cambridge England)"},{"issue":"Pt 2","key":"4590_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"129391","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2024.129391","volume":"260","author":"B Li","year":"2024","unstructured":"Li B, Ashrafizadeh M, Jiao T. Biomedical application of metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) in cancer therapy: Stimuli-responsive and biomimetic nanocomposites in targeted delivery, phototherapy and diagnosis. Int J Biol Macromol. 2024;260(Pt 2):129391.","journal-title":"Int J Biol Macromol"},{"issue":"9","key":"4590_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1739","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.accounts.0c00313","volume":"53","author":"K Ni","year":"2020","unstructured":"Ni K, Luo T, Nash GT, Lin W. Nanoscale Metal-Organic Frameworks for Cancer Immunotherapy. Acc Chem Res. 2020;53(9):1739\u201348.","journal-title":"Acc Chem Res"},{"key":"4590_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"119983","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biomaterials.2020.119983","volume":"245","author":"H Zhang","year":"2020","unstructured":"Zhang H, Zhang J, Li Q, Song A, Tian H, Wang J, Li Z, Luan Y. Site-specific MOF-based immunotherapeutic nanoplatforms via synergistic tumor cells-targeted treatment and dendritic cells-targeted immunomodulation. Biomaterials. 2020;245:119983.","journal-title":"Biomaterials"},{"key":"4590_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"124121","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biomaterials.2026.124121","volume":"331","author":"X Li","year":"2026","unstructured":"LiX, Li Z, Liu J, Zang H, Guo S, Yang Y, Tan X, Liao J, Wang C. Engineering stem cell-based nanotherapeutics to overcome myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury. Biomaterials. 2026;331:124121. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.biomaterials.2026.124121","journal-title":"Biomaterials"},{"key":"4590_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"115564","DOI":"10.1016\/j.colsurfb.2026.115564","volume":"262","author":"Z Zhu","year":"2026","unstructured":"Zhu Z, Gong M, Li L, Cui Y. Self signal-suppressed metal-organic framework (MOF) nanodrug for enhanced immunotherapy of melanoma via CD47 blockade. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces. 2026;262:115564.","journal-title":"Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces"},{"issue":"8","key":"4590_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2861","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.nanolett.5c05579","volume":"26","author":"JA Nowak","year":"2026","unstructured":"Nowak JA, Cho E, Davis MA, Zheng S, Bell L, Sha F, Magdalenski JS, Lui A, Napoli M, Falahat R, Mul\u00e9 JJ, Flores ER, Farha OK, Teplensky MH. Strengthening Antisense Oligonucleotide-Mediated Anti-Tumor Immunity via Metal-Organic Framework Nanoparticles. Nano Lett. 2026;26(8):2861\u20138.","journal-title":"Nano Lett"},{"key":"4590_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"123422","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biomaterials.2025.123422","volume":"323","author":"Z Li","year":"2025","unstructured":"LiZ, Yu H, Wang Z, Duan H, Li M, Liao J, Yang L. Recent advances in nanotechnology for repairing spinal cord injuries. Biomaterials. 2025;323:123422. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.biomaterials.2025.123422","journal-title":"Biomaterials"},{"issue":"24","key":"4590_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2423291","DOI":"10.1002\/adfm.202423291","volume":"35","author":"J Liao","year":"2025","unstructured":"Liao J, He W, Zhang S, Wang J, Cheng H, Gong L, Li Y, Sun Y, Lu D, Zhang C, Lu Y. Magnetic field driven ceria nanosystems for mitochondria targeted therapy of ischemic stroke. Adv Funct Mater. 2025;35(24):2423291.","journal-title":"Adv Funct Mater"},{"key":"4590_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Liao J, Lin Z, Liu C. Programming extracellular protein fate with peptide chimeras. Chem. 2026;12(5).","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chempr.2026.103040"},{"issue":"14","key":"4590_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5459","DOI":"10.7150\/ijbs.74546","volume":"18","author":"L Shen","year":"2022","unstructured":"Shen L, Zhang J, Zheng Z, Yang F, Liu S, Wu Y, Chen Y, Xu T, Mao S, Yan Y, Li W, Zhang W, Yao X. PHGDH Inhibits Ferroptosis and Promotes Malignant Progression by Upregulating SLC7A11 in Bladder Cancer. Int J Biol Sci. 2022;18(14):5459\u201374.","journal-title":"Int J Biol Sci"},{"issue":"12","key":"4590_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4045","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2021.03.036","volume":"11","author":"N Kong","year":"2021","unstructured":"Kong N, Chen X, Feng J, Duan T, Liu S, Sun X, Chen P, Pan T, Yan L, Jin T, Xiang Y, Gao Q, Wen C, Ma W, Liu W, Zhang M, Yang Z, Wang W, Zhang R, Chen B, Xie T, Sui X, Tao W. Baicalin induces ferroptosis in bladder cancer cells by downregulating FTH1. Acta Pharm Sinica B. 2021;11(12):4045\u201354.","journal-title":"Acta Pharm Sinica B"},{"issue":"45","key":"4590_CR28","first-page":"e2403995","volume":"11","author":"J Liu","year":"2024","unstructured":"Liu J, Luo Y, Chen S, Wang G, Jin W, Jiang W, Li M, Wang Y, Yu J, Wei H, Zhang R, Zhou F, Ju L, Zhang Y, Xiao Y, Qian K, Wang X. Deubiquitylase USP52 Promotes Bladder Cancer Progression by Modulating Ferroptosis through Stabilizing SLC7A11\/xCT, Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg. Germany). 2024;11(45):e2403995.","journal-title":"Germany)"},{"issue":"6","key":"4590_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"155798832413069","DOI":"10.1177\/15579883241306904","volume":"18","author":"J Cheng","year":"2024","unstructured":"Cheng J, Wang L, Wang W, Liang H, Shan S, Zhang S, Wang Z, Wang Q. HSPE1 Inhibits Bladder Cancer Ferroptosis via a Glutathione-Dependent Mechanism by Suppressing GPX4. Am J Men\u2019s Health. 2024;18(6):15579883241306904.","journal-title":"Am J Men\u2019s Health"},{"issue":"12","key":"4590_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"800","DOI":"10.1038\/s41419-023-06333-7","volume":"14","author":"T Liu","year":"2023","unstructured":"Liu T, Xu X, Li J, Bai M, Zhu W, Liu Y, Liu S, Zhao Z, Li T, Jiang N, Bai Y, Jin Q, Zhang Y, Zheng Y, Zhou S, Zhan S, Sun Y, Liang G, Luo Y, Chen X, Guo H, Yang R. ALOX5 deficiency contributes to bladder cancer progression by mediating ferroptosis escape. Cell Death Dis. 2023;14(12):800.","journal-title":"Cell Death Dis"},{"issue":"92","key":"4590_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"17975","DOI":"10.1039\/D5CC05169J","volume":"61","author":"H Li","year":"2025","unstructured":"Li H, Du X. Ferroptosis based on metal-organic frameworks for tumor therapy, Chemical communications. (Cambridge England). 2025;61(92):17975\u201388.","journal-title":"(Cambridge England)"},{"issue":"33","key":"4590_CR32","first-page":"e2001251","volume":"16","author":"H He","year":"2020","unstructured":"He H, Du L, Guo H, An Y, Lu L, Chen Y, Wang Y, Zhong H, Shen J, Wu J, Shuai X. Redox Responsive Metal Organic Framework Nanoparticles Induces Ferroptosis for Cancer Therapy, Small (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse. Germany). 2020;16(33):e2001251.","journal-title":"Germany)"},{"issue":"1","key":"4590_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"265","DOI":"10.1186\/s12951-023-01998-w","volume":"21","author":"Z Rao","year":"2023","unstructured":"Rao Z, Xia Y, Jia Q, Zhu Y, Wang L, Liu G, Liu X, Yang P, Ning P, Zhang R, Zhang X, Qiao C, Wang Z. Iron-based metal-organic framework co-loaded with buthionine sulfoximine and oxaliplatin for enhanced cancer chemo-ferrotherapy via sustainable glutathione elimination. J Nanobiotechnol. 2023;21(1):265.","journal-title":"J Nanobiotechnol"},{"key":"4590_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"121502","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biomaterials.2022.121502","volume":"284","author":"K Zhang","year":"2022","unstructured":"Zhang K, Ma Z, Li S, Wu Y, Zhang J, Zhang W, Zhao Y, Han H. Disruption of dual homeostasis by a metal-organic framework nanoreactor for ferroptosis-based immunotherapy of tumor. Biomaterials. 2022;284:121502.","journal-title":"Biomaterials"},{"key":"4590_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2021.04.013","volume":"334","author":"J Yang","year":"2021","unstructured":"Yang J, Ma S, Xu R, Wei Y, Zhang J, Zuo T, Wang Z, Deng H, Yang N, Shen Q. Smart biomimetic metal organic frameworks based on ROS-ferroptosis-glycolysis regulation for enhanced tumor chemo-immunotherapy. J controlled release: official J Controlled Release Soc. 2021;334:21\u201333.","journal-title":"J controlled release: official J Controlled Release Soc"},{"issue":"2","key":"4590_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"798","DOI":"10.1007\/s13577-023-00863-0","volume":"36","author":"S Jiang","year":"2023","unstructured":"Jiang S, Zhang J, Fan Q, Li Z, Dou R, Lin Z, Chen Z, Xu Y, Huang Z, Lan J, Lin W, Xu S, Gao X, Li M. A prognostic cuproptosis-related lncRNA predictive signature for bladder cancer patients. Hum Cell. 2023;36(2):798\u2013811.","journal-title":"Hum Cell"},{"key":"4590_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e18530","DOI":"10.7717\/peerj.18530","volume":"12","author":"Z Zhang","year":"2024","unstructured":"Zhang Z, Liu F, Yu Y, Xie F, Zhu T. Prognosis and immune landscape of bladder cancer can be predicted using a novel miRNA signature associated with cuproptosis. PeerJ. 2024;12:e18530.","journal-title":"PeerJ"},{"key":"4590_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1116305","DOI":"10.3389\/fonc.2023.1116305","volume":"13","author":"H Wang","year":"2023","unstructured":"Wang H, Li J, Zi X, Yuan X. Comprehensive analysis of cuproptosis-related genes on bladder cancer prognosis, tumor microenvironment invasion, and drug sensitivity. Front Oncol. 2023;13:1116305.","journal-title":"Front Oncol"},{"issue":"40","key":"4590_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2971","DOI":"10.1038\/s41388-024-03139-5","volume":"43","author":"K Du","year":"2024","unstructured":"Du K, Luo Y, Zhang L, Zeng Y, Dai Y, Ren M, Pan W, Liu Y, Tian F, Zhou L, Gu C. m(6)A modification of lipoyltransferase 1 inhibits bladder cancer progression by activating cuproptosis. Oncogene. 2024;43(40):2971\u201385.","journal-title":"Oncogene"},{"issue":"22","key":"4590_CR40","first-page":"e2212267","volume":"35","author":"B Guo","year":"2023","unstructured":"Guo B, Yang F, Zhang L, Zhao Q, Wang W, Yin L, Chen D, Wang M, Han S, Xiao H, Xing N. Cuproptosis Induced by ROS Responsive Nanoparticles with Elesclomol and Copper Combined with \u03b1PD-L1 for Enhanced Cancer Immunotherapy, Advanced materials (Deerfield Beach. Fla). 2023;35(22):e2212267.","journal-title":"Fla)"},{"issue":"1","key":"4590_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"534","DOI":"10.1186\/s12951-025-03609-2","volume":"23","author":"H Cai","year":"2025","unstructured":"Cai H, Xue P, Liu S, Ma Y, Zeng X, Yan S, Xu N. CuOTeDsP nanotherapeutics enhance cuproptosis-mediated immunotherapy by modulating cholesterol metabolism in bladder cancer. J Nanobiotechnol. 2025;23(1):534.","journal-title":"J Nanobiotechnol"},{"issue":"2","key":"4590_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.1097\/CM9.0000000000002710","volume":"137","author":"S Qiu","year":"2024","unstructured":"Qiu S, Qiu Y, Deng L, Nie L, Ge L, Zheng X, Jin D, Jin K, Zhou X, Su X, Cai B, Li J, Tu X, Gong L, Liu L, Liu Z, Bao Y, Ai J, Lin T, Yang L, Wei Q. Cell softness reveals tumorigenic potential via ITGB8\/AKT\/glycolysis signaling in a mice model of orthotopic bladder cancer. Chin Med J. 2024;137(2):209\u201321.","journal-title":"Chin Med J"},{"issue":"1","key":"4590_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"142","DOI":"10.1186\/s12894-022-01093-6","volume":"22","author":"J Cai","year":"2022","unstructured":"Cai J, Xie Z, Yan Y, Huang Z, Tang P, Cao X, Wang Z, Yang C, Tan M, Zhang F, Shen B. Establishment of an optimized orthotopic bladder cancer model in mice. BMC Urol. 2022;22(1):142.","journal-title":"BMC Urol"}],"container-title":["Journal of Nanobiotechnology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s12951-026-04590-0","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12951-026-04590-0.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12951-026-04590-0.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,3]],"date-time":"2026-08-03T09:42:06Z","timestamp":1785750126000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1186\/s12951-026-04590-0"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,29]]},"references-count":43,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]}},"alternative-id":["4590"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12951-026-04590-0","relation":{},"ISSN":["1477-3155"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1477-3155","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,29]]},"assertion":[{"value":"21 March 2026","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"18 May 2026","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"29 May 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","label":"Competing interests","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}}],"article-number":"706"}}