{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T20:44:16Z","timestamp":1792788256670,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,9]],"date-time":"2026-07-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1783555200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,2]],"date-time":"2026-10-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790899200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":85,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["82401219"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82401219"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01h0zpd94","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["82371032, 82571179"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82371032, 82571179"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01h0zpd94","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"Shandong Province College Youth Innovation Team Project","award":["2024KJJ014"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2024KJJ014"]}]},{"name":"Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province of China","award":["ZR2024QH257"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ZR2024QH257"]}]},{"name":"Major Basic research project of Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province","award":["ZR2023ZD60"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ZR2023ZD60"]}]},{"name":"Taishan Scholar Program","award":["20231255"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["20231255"]}]},{"name":"Academic Promotion Program of Shandong First Medical University","award":["2019RC009"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2019RC009"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/05jb9pq57","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Nanobiotechnol"],"DOI":"10.1186\/s12951-026-04790-8","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,9]],"date-time":"2026-07-09T05:46:03Z","timestamp":1783575963000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Tetrasulfide-bridged virus-like particles enable host-sparing cascade membrane-metabolic disruption for drug-resistant bacterial keratitis"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"Wenlong","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qingdong","family":"Bao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qinghua","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Longfei","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bingxin","family":"Ren","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hui","family":"Yan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sihan","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fan","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shunyao","family":"Jin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hua","family":"Gao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"4790_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e489","DOI":"10.1016\/S2214-109X(20)30488-5","volume":"9","author":"MJ Burton","year":"2021","unstructured":"Burton MJ, Ramke J, Marques AP, et al. The Lancet Global Health Commission on global eye health: vision beyond 2020. Lancet Glob Health. 2021;9:e489\u2013551.","journal-title":"Lancet Glob Health"},{"key":"4790_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101028","DOI":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2021.101028","volume":"88","author":"RB Singh","year":"2022","unstructured":"Singh RB, Das S, Chodosh J, et al. Paradox of complex diversity: challenges in the diagnosis and management of bacterial keratitis. Prog Retin Eye Res. 2022;88:101028.","journal-title":"Prog Retin Eye Res"},{"key":"4790_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101031","DOI":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2021.101031","volume":"89","author":"S Tuft","year":"2022","unstructured":"Tuft S, Somerville TF, Li JPO, et al. Bacterial keratitis: identifying the areas of clinical uncertainty. Prog Retin Eye Res. 2022;89:101031.","journal-title":"Prog Retin Eye Res"},{"key":"4790_CR4","first-page":"P87","volume":"131","author":"MK Rhee","year":"2024","unstructured":"Rhee MK, Ahmad S, Amescua G, et al. Bacterial Keratitis Preferred Pract Pattern\u00ae Ophthalmol. 2024;131:P87\u2013133.","journal-title":"Bacterial Keratitis Preferred Pract Pattern\u00ae Ophthalmol"},{"key":"4790_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"115006","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addr.2023.115006","volume":"200","author":"X Wang","year":"2023","unstructured":"Wang X, Luan F, Yue H, et al. Recent advances of smart materials for ocular drug delivery. Adv Drug Deliv Rev. 2023;200:115006.","journal-title":"Adv Drug Deliv Rev"},{"key":"4790_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101432","DOI":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2025.101432","volume":"110","author":"L Yang","year":"2026","unstructured":"Yang L, Chen S, Ge J, et al. Mitochondria in corneal physiology and pathology: a mechanistic perspective. Prog Retin Eye Res. 2026;110:101432.","journal-title":"Prog Retin Eye Res"},{"key":"4790_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e777","DOI":"10.1111\/aos.14714","volume":"99","author":"V Navel","year":"2021","unstructured":"Navel V, Malecaze J, Young AL, et al. Oxidative and antioxidative stress markers in keratoconus: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Acta Ophthalmol. 2021;99:e777\u201394.","journal-title":"Acta Ophthalmol"},{"key":"4790_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2111066","DOI":"10.1002\/adfm.202111066","volume":"32","author":"YW Zhu","year":"2022","unstructured":"Zhu YW, Wu SJ, Sun YJ, et al. Bacteria-targeting photodynamic nanoassemblies for efficient treatment of multidrug-resistant biofilm infected keratitis. Adv Funct Mater. 2022;32:2111066.","journal-title":"Adv Funct Mater"},{"key":"4790_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"148978","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cej.2024.148978","volume":"482","author":"L Zhou","year":"2024","unstructured":"Zhou L, Deng Y, Ren Y, et al. Antibiotics-free nanomaterials against bacterial keratitis: eliminating infections with reactive oxygen species. Chem Eng J. 2024;482:148978.","journal-title":"Chem Eng J"},{"key":"4790_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e202217345","DOI":"10.1002\/anie.202217345","volume":"62","author":"M Xie","year":"2023","unstructured":"Xie M, Gao M, Yun Y, et al. Antibacterial nanomaterials: mechanisms, impacts on antimicrobial resistance and design principles. Angew Chem Int Ed. 2023;62:e202217345.","journal-title":"Angew Chem Int Ed"},{"key":"4790_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e00792","DOI":"10.1002\/admi.202500792","volume":"12","author":"Y Zhong","year":"2025","unstructured":"Zhong Y, Li Y, Fu Y, et al. Advancing mechano-bactericidal surfaces: mechanisms, fabrication, and synergistic antimicrobial strategies. Adv Mater Interfaces. 2025;12:e00792.","journal-title":"Adv Mater Interfaces"},{"key":"4790_CR12","first-page":"19771","volume":"18","author":"W Zhou","year":"2024","unstructured":"Zhou W, Chen L, Li H, et al. Membrane disruption-enhanced photodynamic therapy against Gram-negative bacteria by a peptide-photosensitizer conjugate. ACS Nano. 2024;18:19771\u201382.","journal-title":"ACS Nano"},{"key":"4790_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"439","DOI":"10.1038\/s41579-025-01155-0","volume":"23","author":"M Ahmad","year":"2025","unstructured":"Ahmad M, Aduru SV, Smith RP, Zhao Z, Lopatkin AJ. The role of bacterial metabolism in antimicrobial resistance. Nat Rev Microbiol. 2025;23:439\u201354.","journal-title":"Nat Rev Microbiol"},{"key":"4790_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2370165","DOI":"10.1002\/advs.202370165","volume":"10","author":"H Wu","year":"2023","unstructured":"Wu H, Wei M, Hu S, et al. A photomodulable bacteriophage-spike nanozyme enables dually enhanced biofilm penetration and bacterial capture for photothermal-boosted catalytic therapy of MRSA infections. Adv Sci. 2023;10:2370165.","journal-title":"Adv Sci"},{"key":"4790_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2408221","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.202408221","volume":"37","author":"H Zhang","year":"2025","unstructured":"Zhang H, Li D, Ren H, et al. A bioinspired virus-like mechano-bactericidal nanomotor for ocular multidrug-resistant bacterial infection treatment. Adv Mater. 2025;37:2408221.","journal-title":"Adv Mater"},{"key":"4790_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1169","DOI":"10.1126\/science.abd8377","volume":"372","author":"K Shatalin","year":"2021","unstructured":"Shatalin K, Nuthanakanti A, Kaushik A, et al. Inhibitors of bacterial H\u2082S biogenesis targeting antibiotic resistance and tolerance. Science. 2021;372:1169\u201375.","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"4790_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3499","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molcel.2022.07.009","volume":"82","author":"F Wong","year":"2022","unstructured":"Wong F, Stokes JM, Bening SC, Vidoudez C, Trauger SA, Collins JJ. Reactive metabolic byproducts contribute to antibiotic lethality under anaerobic conditions. Mol Cell. 2022;82:3499\u2013e351210.","journal-title":"Mol Cell"},{"key":"4790_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"268","DOI":"10.1007\/s40820-024-01477-3","volume":"16","author":"Q Bao","year":"2024","unstructured":"Bao Q, Zhang X, Hao Z, et al. Advances in polysaccharide-based microneedle systems for the treatment of ocular diseases. Nano-Micro Lett. 2024;16:268.","journal-title":"Nano-Micro Lett"},{"key":"4790_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"102967","DOI":"10.1016\/j.redox.2023.102967","volume":"68","author":"EW B\u00f6hm","year":"2023","unstructured":"B\u00f6hm EW, Buonfiglio F, Voigt AM, et al. Oxidative stress in the eye and its role in the pathophysiology of ocular diseases. Redox Biol. 2023;68:102967.","journal-title":"Redox Biol"},{"key":"4790_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"103990","DOI":"10.1016\/j.redox.2025.103990","volume":"89","author":"R Liu","year":"2026","unstructured":"Liu R, Ma R, Zhang N, et al. Celastrol nanomedicine eye drops restore redox homeostasis and prevents keratoconus progression via PI3K\/AKT\/AP-1 signaling. Redox Biol. 2026;89:103990.","journal-title":"Redox Biol"},{"key":"4790_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2402871","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.202402871","volume":"36","author":"H Xu","year":"2024","unstructured":"Xu H, Yan S, Gerhard E, et al. Citric acid: a nexus between cellular mechanisms and biomaterial innovations. Adv Mater. 2024;36:2402871.","journal-title":"Adv Mater"},{"key":"4790_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3744","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2025.04.022","volume":"188","author":"J Wang","year":"2025","unstructured":"Wang J, Li Z, Lang H, et al. Cyclic-dinucleotide-induced filamentous assembly of phospholipases governs broad CBASS immunity. Cell. 2025;188:3744\u2013e375616.","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"4790_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2214454","DOI":"10.1002\/adfm.202214454","volume":"33","author":"R Teng","year":"2023","unstructured":"Teng R, Yang Y, Zhang Z, et al. In situ enzyme-induced self-assembly of antimicrobial-antioxidative peptides to promote wound healing. Adv Funct Mater. 2023;33:2214454.","journal-title":"Adv Funct Mater"},{"key":"4790_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2407707","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.202407707","volume":"37","author":"MMS Lee","year":"2025","unstructured":"Lee MMS, Yu EY, Chau JHC, et al. Expanding our horizons: AIE materials in bacterial research. Adv Mater. 2025;37:2407707.","journal-title":"Adv Mater"},{"key":"4790_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2503733","DOI":"10.1002\/adfm.202503733","volume":"35","author":"M Dong","year":"2025","unstructured":"Dong M, Xue C, Yang X, et al. Self-propelled bacteria-mediated in situ biosynthesis of MnS nanoparticles for remodeling tumor microenvironment to amplify cGAS-STING pathway for antitumor immunity. Adv Funct Mater. 2025;35:2503733.","journal-title":"Adv Funct Mater"},{"key":"4790_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mattod.2023.08.004","volume":"69","author":"Z Gao","year":"2023","unstructured":"Gao Z, Mei L, Zhou J, et al. Room-temperature-processed transparent hemispherical optoelectronic array for electronic eyes. Mater Today. 2023;69:31\u201340.","journal-title":"Mater Today"},{"key":"4790_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1187","DOI":"10.24272\/j.issn.2095-8137.2025.211","volume":"46","author":"ZQ Ru","year":"2025","unstructured":"Ru ZQ, Wu YT, Yang CY, et al. Ultra-short cyclic peptide CyRL-QN15 acts as a TLR4 antagonist to expedite oral ulcer healing. Zool Res. 2025;46:1187\u2013202.","journal-title":"Zool Res"},{"key":"4790_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"19503","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jmedchem.5c01734","volume":"68","author":"L Wang","year":"2025","unstructured":"Wang L, Fu Z, Su Y, et al. Cyclic heptapeptide FZ1 acts as an integrin \u03b1v\u03b23 agonist to facilitate diabetic skin wound healing by enhancing angiogenesis. J Med Chem. 2025;68:19503\u201320.","journal-title":"J Med Chem"},{"key":"4790_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1287","DOI":"10.24272\/j.issn.2095-8137.2024.134","volume":"45","author":"YT Wu","year":"2024","unstructured":"Wu YT, Ru ZQ, Peng Y, et al. Peptide CyRL-QN15 accelerates hair regeneration in diabetic mice by binding to the Frizzled-7 receptor. Zool Res. 2024;45:1287\u201399.","journal-title":"Zool Res"},{"key":"4790_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1186\/s12974-023-02739-4","volume":"20","author":"Y Li","year":"2023","unstructured":"Li Y, Jin T, Liu N, et al. A short peptide exerts neuroprotective effects on cerebral ischemia\u2013reperfusion injury by reducing inflammation via the miR-6328\/IKK\u03b2\/NF-\u03baB axis. J Neuroinflammation. 2023;20:53.","journal-title":"J Neuroinflammation"},{"key":"4790_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"748","DOI":"10.24272\/j.issn.2095-8137.2025.499","volume":"47","author":"X Liu","year":"2026","unstructured":"Liu X, Liu J, Li B, et al. First identification of an amphibian-derived peptide with anti-vascular aging activity. Zool Res. 2026;47:748\u201364.","journal-title":"Zool Res"},{"key":"4790_CR32","first-page":"743","volume":"47","author":"CJ Deng","year":"2026","unstructured":"Deng CJ, Wang Y, Yang XW. Amphibian-derived peptides as novel therapeutics for skin wound healing: Mechanisms, applications, and challenges. Zool Res. 2026;47:743\u201363.","journal-title":"Zool Res"},{"key":"4790_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"173231","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cej.2026.173231","volume":"530","author":"Z Fu","year":"2026","unstructured":"Fu Z, Jiang J, Jia Q, et al. The self-assembling amphibian-derived peptide (RADA)4-FZ1 pioneers a novel therapeutic platform for diabetic skin wound management. Chem Eng J. 2026;530:173231.","journal-title":"Chem Eng J"}],"container-title":["Journal of Nanobiotechnology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s12951-026-04790-8","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12951-026-04790-8.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12951-026-04790-8.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T23:44:07Z","timestamp":1790898247000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1186\/s12951-026-04790-8"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,9]]},"references-count":33,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]}},"alternative-id":["4790"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12951-026-04790-8","relation":{},"ISSN":["1477-3155"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1477-3155","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,9]]},"assertion":[{"value":"27 May 2026","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"1 July 2026","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"9 July 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"All procedures were approved by the Ethics Committee of Qingdao Eye Hospital of Shandong First Medical University (SDSYKYJS No.20240421) and adhered to the Association for Research in Vision and Ophthalmology (ARVO) Statement.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"All the authors read and approved the manuscript.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","label":"Consent for publication","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","label":"Competing interests","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}}],"article-number":"919"}}