{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,27]],"date-time":"2026-10-27T17:02:35Z","timestamp":1793120555652,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,10]],"date-time":"2026-07-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1783641600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1791158400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":87,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["32302276"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["32302276"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["32472493"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["32472493"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"The Shaanxi Science and Technology association","award":["2023GXLH-078"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023GXLH-078"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/047jk3s49","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"The Shaanxi Science and Technology association","award":["2024JC-JCQN-23"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2024JC-JCQN-23"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/047jk3s49","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Nanobiotechnol"],"DOI":"10.1186\/s12951-026-04800-9","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,10]],"date-time":"2026-07-10T05:05:30Z","timestamp":1783659930000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Extremophyte-derived exosome-like nanovesicles remodel intestinal barrier dysfunction by multi-dimensional intervention: physical barrier repair with immune homeostasis and microbiome regulation"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"Dan","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Linqian","family":"Du","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gaoyang","family":"Yi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tao","family":"Liang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Adam C.","family":"Midgley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guowei","family":"Shu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yujuan","family":"He","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yaqin","family":"Dong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guoliang","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaolin","family":"Yao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"4800_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"799","DOI":"10.1038\/nri2653","volume":"9","author":"JR Turner","year":"2009","unstructured":"Turner JR. Intestinal mucosal barrier function in health and disease. Nat Rev Immunol. 2009;9:799\u2013809.","journal-title":"Nat Rev Immunol"},{"key":"4800_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.ade5041","volume":"9","author":"L Tong","year":"2023","unstructured":"Tong L, Zhang S, Liu Q, et al. Milk-derived extracellular vesicles protect intestinal barrier integrity in the gut-liver axis. Sci Adv. 2023;9:eade5041.","journal-title":"Sci Adv"},{"key":"4800_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"31619","DOI":"10.1021\/acsnano.5c08999","volume":"19","author":"P Zhou","year":"2025","unstructured":"Zhou P, Sun Q, Huang L, et al. Dual-targeting Mn@CeO(2) nanozyme-modified probiotic hydrogel microspheres reshape gut homeostasis in inflammatory bowel disease. ACS Nano. 2025;19:31619\u201342.","journal-title":"ACS Nano"},{"key":"4800_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.1016\/j.isci.2018.10.022","volume":"9","author":"AM Salazar","year":"2018","unstructured":"Salazar AM, Resnik-Docampo M, Ulgherait M, et al. Intestinal snakeskin limits microbial dysbiosis during aging and promotes longevity. iScience. 2018;9:229\u201343.","journal-title":"iScience"},{"key":"4800_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-021-27463-6","volume":"12","author":"P Zhao","year":"2021","unstructured":"Zhao P, Xia X, Xu X, et al. Nanoparticle-assembled bioadhesive coacervate coating with prolonged gastrointestinal retention for inflammatory bowel disease therapy. Nat Commun. 2021;12:7162.","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"4800_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"120","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1224820","volume":"338","author":"JC Arthur","year":"2012","unstructured":"Arthur JC, Perez-Chanona E, M\u00fchlbauer M, et al. Intestinal inflammation targets cancer-inducing activity of the microbiota. Science. 2012;338:120\u20133.","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"4800_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"588","DOI":"10.3390\/pharmaceutics16050588","volume":"16","author":"XX Wang","year":"2024","unstructured":"Wang XX, Xin CL, Zhou Y, et al. Plant-derived vesicle-like nanoparticles: the next-generation drug delivery nanoplatforms. Pharmaceutics. 2024;16:588.","journal-title":"Pharmaceutics"},{"key":"4800_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/INMD.20240101","volume":"3","author":"J Yang","year":"2025","unstructured":"Yang J, Wang Y, Fu Y, et al. Plant extracellular vesicles: a promising bionic medicine platform for disease treatment and drug delivery. Interdisciplinary Medicine. 2025;3:e20240101.","journal-title":"Interdisciplinary Medicine"},{"key":"4800_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"261","DOI":"10.1186\/s12951-025-03346-6","volume":"23","author":"B Gao","year":"2025","unstructured":"Gao B, Huang X, Fu J, et al. Oral administration of momordica charantia-derived extracellular vesicles alleviates ulcerative colitis through comprehensive renovation of the intestinal microenvironment. J Nanobiotechnol. 2025;23:261.","journal-title":"J Nanobiotechnol"},{"key":"4800_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2023.116098","volume":"170","author":"Y Lu","year":"2024","unstructured":"Lu Y, Xu J, Tang R, et al. Edible Pueraria lobata-derived exosome-like nanovesicles ameliorate dextran sulfate sodium-induced colitis associated lung inflammation through modulating macrophage polarization. Biomed Pharmacother. 2024;170:116098.","journal-title":"Biomed Pharmacother"},{"key":"4800_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"16568","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jafc.3c04150","volume":"71","author":"T Duan","year":"2023","unstructured":"Duan T, Wang X, Dong X, et al. Broccoli-derived exosome-like nanoparticles alleviate loperamide-induced constipation, in correlation with regulation on gut microbiota and tryptophan metabolism. J Agric Food Chem. 2023;71:16568\u201380.","journal-title":"J Agric Food Chem"},{"key":"4800_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/smll.202308680","volume":"20","author":"K Sundaram","year":"2024","unstructured":"Sundaram K, Teng Y, Mu J, et al. Outer membrane vesicles released from garlic exosome-like nanoparticles (GaELNs) train gut bacteria that reverses type 2 diabetes via the gut-brain axis. Small. 2024;20:e2308680.","journal-title":"Small"},{"key":"4800_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"fyae046","DOI":"10.1093\/fqsafe\/fyae046","volume":"9","author":"H Wu","year":"2025","unstructured":"Wu H, Xu C, Yan Y, et al. Antioxidant activity and whitening effect of vitamin C and superoxide dismutase from Rosa roxburghii Tratt. Food Qual Saf. 2025;9:fyae046.","journal-title":"Food Qual Saf"},{"key":"4800_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100747","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fochx.2023.100747","volume":"19","author":"D Zhou","year":"2023","unstructured":"Zhou D, Zhong J, Huang Y, et al. Effect of free and bound polyphenols from rosa roxburghii Tratt distiller\u2019s grains on moderating fecal microbiota. Food Chem X. 2023;19:100747.","journal-title":"Food Chem X"},{"key":"4800_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"136","DOI":"10.1017\/S096025852100012X","volume":"31","author":"C Li","year":"2021","unstructured":"Li C, Zhang L, Niu D, et al. Investigation of flavonoid expression and metabolite content patterns during seed formation of Artemisia sphaerocephala Krasch. Seed Sci Res. 2021;31:136\u201348.","journal-title":"Seed Sci Res"},{"key":"4800_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.carbpol.2020.117113","volume":"252","author":"MU Kakar","year":"2021","unstructured":"Kakar MU, Kakar IU, Mehboob MZ, et al. A review on polysaccharides from Artemisia sphaerocephala Krasch seeds, their extraction, modification, structure, and applications. Carbohydr Polym. 2021;252:117113.","journal-title":"Carbohydr Polym"},{"key":"4800_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2499","DOI":"10.1007\/s00204-023-03562-9","volume":"97","author":"K Jomova","year":"2023","unstructured":"Jomova K, Raptova R, Alomar SY, et al. Reactive oxygen species, toxicity, oxidative stress, and antioxidants: chronic diseases and aging. Arch Toxicol. 2023;97:2499\u2013574.","journal-title":"Arch Toxicol"},{"key":"4800_CR18","first-page":"905","volume":"56","author":"C Chu","year":"2024","unstructured":"Chu C, Ru H, Chen Y, et al. Gallic acid attenuates LPS-induced inflammation in Caco-2 cells by suppressing the activation of the NF-\u03baB\/MAPK signaling pathway: Gallic acid alleviates the inflammation in Caco-2 cells. Acta Biochim Biophys Sin. 2024;56:905.","journal-title":"Acta Biochim Biophys Sin"},{"key":"4800_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1395","DOI":"10.1080\/17568919.2024.2351293","volume":"16","author":"M Reale","year":"2024","unstructured":"Reale M, Costantini E, Aielli L, et al. Exploring the therapeutic potential of cinnamoyl derivatives in attenuating inflammation in lipopolysaccharide-induced Caco-2 cells. Future Med Chem. 2024;16:1395\u2013411.","journal-title":"Future Med Chem"},{"key":"4800_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.ado6798","volume":"10","author":"R Luo","year":"2024","unstructured":"Luo R, Liu J, Cheng Q, et al. Oral microsphere formulation of M2 macrophage-mimetic janus nanomotor for targeted therapy of ulcerative colitis. Sci Adv. 2024;10:eado6798.","journal-title":"Sci Adv"},{"key":"4800_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"538","DOI":"10.1038\/s41575-023-00769-0","volume":"20","author":"LM Hegarty","year":"2023","unstructured":"Hegarty LM, Jones G-R, Bain CC. Macrophages in intestinal homeostasis and inflammatory bowel disease. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2023;20:538\u201353.","journal-title":"Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"4800_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nantod.2024.102155","volume":"55","author":"L Xing","year":"2024","unstructured":"Xing L, Liu X, Wu L, et al. Orally hierarchical targeting delivery systems relieve colitis by protecting host mitochondria and modulating gut microbiota. Nano Today. 2024;55:102155.","journal-title":"Nano Today"},{"key":"4800_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"24404","DOI":"10.1021\/acsnano.3c11089","volume":"17","author":"DK Min","year":"2023","unstructured":"Min DK, Kim YE, Kim MK, et al. Orally administrated inflamed colon-targeted nanotherapeutics for inflammatory bowel disease treatment by oxidative stress level modulation in colitis. ACS Nano. 2023;17:24404\u201316.","journal-title":"ACS Nano"},{"key":"4800_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1111\/imr.12182","volume":"260","author":"T Pelaseyed","year":"2014","unstructured":"Pelaseyed T, Bergstr\u00f6m JH, Gustafsson JK, et al. The mucus and mucins of the goblet cells and enterocytes provide the first defense line of the gastrointestinal tract and interact with the immune system. Immunol Rev. 2014;260:8\u201320.","journal-title":"Immunol Rev"},{"key":"4800_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biomaterials.2023.121995","volume":"294","author":"X Li","year":"2023","unstructured":"Li X, Jafari SM, Zhou F, et al. The intracellular fate and transport mechanism of shape, size and rigidity varied nanocarriers for understanding their oral delivery efficiency. Biomaterials. 2023;294:121995.","journal-title":"Biomaterials"},{"key":"4800_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"583","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trecan.2022.02.009","volume":"8","author":"MAD Silveira","year":"2022","unstructured":"Silveira MAD, Bilodeau S, Greten TF, et al. The gut\u2013liver axis: host microbiota interactions shape hepatocarcinogenesis. Trends cancer. 2022;8:583\u201397.","journal-title":"Trends cancer"},{"key":"4800_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/advs.202505208","volume":"12","author":"Y Wang","year":"2025","unstructured":"Wang Y, Zhou Y, Wu Q, et al. Honeysuckle-derived nanovesicles regulate gut microbiota for the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease. Adv Sci. 2025;12:e05208.","journal-title":"Adv Sci"},{"key":"4800_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"716","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chom.2018.05.003","volume":"23","author":"A Agus","year":"2018","unstructured":"Agus A, Planchais J, Sokol H. Gut microbiota regulation of tryptophan metabolism in health and disease. Cell Host Microbe. 2018;23:716\u201324.","journal-title":"Cell Host Microbe"},{"key":"4800_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"107071","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2024.107071","volume":"200","author":"X Wang","year":"2024","unstructured":"Wang X, Liu Y, Dong X, et al. peu-MIR2916-p3-enriched garlic exosomes ameliorate murine colitis by reshaping gut microbiota, especially by boosting the anti-colitic Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron. Pharmacol Res. 2024;200:107071.","journal-title":"Pharmacol Res"},{"key":"4800_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1291","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(16)31529-X","volume":"388","author":"J Liu","year":"2016","unstructured":"Liu J, Platts-Mills JA, Juma J, et al. Use of quantitative molecular diagnostic methods to identify causes of diarrhoea in children: a reanalysis of the GEMS case-control study. Lancet. 2016;388:1291\u2013301.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"4800_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/29933935.2025.2459599","volume":"2","author":"H Wang","year":"2025","unstructured":"Wang H, Yu S, Zhao K, et al. Faecalibacterium longum alleviates high-fat diet-induced obesity and protects the intestinal epithelial barrier in mice. Gut Microbes Reports. 2025;2:2459599.","journal-title":"Gut Microbes Reports"},{"key":"4800_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41522-025-00903-7","volume":"12","author":"R Abdulqadir","year":"2026","unstructured":"Abdulqadir R, Al-Sadi R, Gupta Y, et al. Probiotic bacteria Bifidobacterium bifidum upregulation of intestinal epithelial tight junction barrier is mediated by TLR-2\/TLR-6 receptor complex activation of occludin gene. npj Biofilms Microbiomes. 2026;12:37.","journal-title":"npj Biofilms Microbiomes"},{"key":"4800_CR33","first-page":"8075","volume":"23","author":"IG Macchione","year":"2019","unstructured":"Macchione IG, Lopetuso LR, Ianiro G, et al. Akkermansia muciniphila: key player in metabolic and gastrointestinal disorders. Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci. 2019;23:8075\u201383.","journal-title":"Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci"},{"key":"4800_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"445","DOI":"10.1186\/s12951-023-02193-7","volume":"21","author":"X Chen","year":"2023","unstructured":"Chen X, Xing X, Lin S, et al. Plant-derived nanovesicles: harnessing nature\u2019s power for tissue protection and repair. J Nanobiotechnol. 2023;21:445.","journal-title":"J Nanobiotechnol"},{"key":"4800_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"989","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aaw2586","volume":"363","author":"ISE Flaherty","year":"2019","unstructured":"Flaherty ISE, Grijalva A, Xu X, et al. A lipase-independent pathway of lipid release and immune modulation by adipocytes. Science. 2019;363:989\u201393.","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"4800_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biomaterials.2021.121178","volume":"279","author":"M Zu","year":"2021","unstructured":"Zu M, Xie D, Canup BSB, et al. \u2018Green\u2019nanotherapeutics from tea leaves for orally targeted prevention and alleviation of colon diseases. Biomaterials. 2021;279:121178.","journal-title":"Biomaterials"},{"key":"4800_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13404","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jafc.2c05182","volume":"70","author":"MD Culler","year":"2022","unstructured":"Culler MD, Bayram I, Decker EA. Enzymatic modification of lecithin for improved antioxidant activity in combination with tocopherol in emulsions and bulk oil. J Agric Food Chem. 2022;70:13404\u201312.","journal-title":"J Agric Food Chem"},{"key":"4800_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jev2.12069","volume":"10","author":"X Chen","year":"2021","unstructured":"Chen X, Liu B, Li X, et al. Identification of anti-inflammatory vesicle\u2010like nanoparticles in honey. J Extracell Vesicles. 2021;10:e12069.","journal-title":"J Extracell Vesicles"},{"key":"4800_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2024.112181","volume":"134","author":"M Zhang","year":"2024","unstructured":"Zhang M, Song X, Liu S, et al. Magnolin inhibits intestinal epithelial cell apoptosis alleviating Crohn\u2019s disease-like colitis by suppressing the PI3K\/AKT signalling pathway. Int Immunopharmacol. 2024;134:112181.","journal-title":"Int Immunopharmacol"},{"key":"4800_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodres.2022.112175","volume":"162","author":"J Huo","year":"2022","unstructured":"Huo J, Li M, Wei J, et al. RNA-seq based elucidation of mechanism underlying the protective effect of Huangshui polysaccharide on intestinal barrier injury in Caco-2 cells. Food Res Int. 2022;162:112175.","journal-title":"Food Res Int"},{"key":"4800_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"411","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2020.08.048","volume":"183","author":"AS Chikina","year":"2020","unstructured":"Chikina AS, Nadalin F, Maurin M, et al. Macrophages maintain epithelium integrity by limiting fungal product absorption. Cell. 2020;183:411-428.e416.","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"4800_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"665","DOI":"10.1093\/ecco-jcc\/jjaa214","volume":"15","author":"F Deng","year":"2021","unstructured":"Deng F, Yan J, Lu J, et al. M2 Macrophage-derived exosomal miR-590-3p attenuates DSS-induced mucosal damage and promotes epithelial Repair via the LATS1\/YAP\/ \u03b2-catenin signalling axis. J Crohns Colitis. 2021;15:665\u201377.","journal-title":"J Crohns Colitis"},{"key":"4800_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jev2.12283","volume":"11","author":"MQ Lian","year":"2022","unstructured":"Lian MQ, Chng WH, Liang J, et al. Plant-derived extracellular vesicles: recent advancements and current challenges on their use for biomedical applications. J Extracell Vesicles. 2022;11:12283.","journal-title":"J Extracell Vesicles"},{"key":"4800_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5524","DOI":"10.15376\/biores.16.3.5524-5537","volume":"16","author":"I Cybulska","year":"2021","unstructured":"Cybulska I, Brudecki GP, Brown JJ, et al. Comparative study of chemical composition of the halophyte species native to the Persian (Arabian) gulf. BioResources. 2021;16:5524\u201337.","journal-title":"BioResources"},{"key":"4800_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/nu17111749","volume":"17","author":"C Barba-Ostria","year":"2025","unstructured":"Barba-Ostria C, Guam\u00e1n-Bautista J, Tosi-V\u00e9lez AA, et al. Recent advances in the therapeutic potential of bioactive molecules from plants of Andean origin. Nutrients. 2025;17:1749.","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"issue":"16","key":"4800_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7520","DOI":"10.1039\/D3FO01094E","volume":"14","author":"Z Zhu","year":"2023","unstructured":"Zhu Z, Liao L, Gao M, et al. Garlic-derived exosome-like nanovesicles alleviate dextran sulphate sodium-induced mouse colitis via the TLR4\/MyD88\/NF-\u03baB pathway and gut microbiota modulation. Food Funct. 2023;14(16):7520\u201334.","journal-title":"Food Funct"},{"issue":"1","key":"4800_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"261","DOI":"10.1186\/s12951-025-03346-6","volume":"23","author":"B Gao","year":"2025","unstructured":"Gao B, Huang X, Fu J, et al. Oral administration of Momordica charantia-derived extracellular vesicles alleviates ulcerative colitis through comprehensive renovation of the intestinal microenvironment. J Nanobiotechnol. 2025;23(1):261.","journal-title":"J Nanobiotechnol"},{"key":"4800_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.1186\/s12951-024-02313-x","volume":"22","author":"S Yang","year":"2024","unstructured":"Yang S, Li W, Bai X, et al. Ginseng-derived nanoparticles alleviate inflammatory bowel disease via the TLR4\/MAPK and p62\/Nrf2\/Keap1 pathways. J Nanobiotechnol. 2024;22:48.","journal-title":"J Nanobiotechnol"},{"key":"4800_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"345","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2024.10.012","volume":"37","author":"T Li","year":"2025","unstructured":"Li T, Liu Y, Duan T, et al. Nondigestible stachyose binds membranous HSP90\u03b2 on small intestinal epithelium to regulate the exosomal miRNAs: a new function and mechanism. Cell Metab. 2025;37:345\u201360.","journal-title":"Cell Metab"},{"key":"4800_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/smll.202308680","volume":"20","author":"K Sundaram","year":"2024","unstructured":"Sundaram K, Teng Y, Mu J, et al. Outer membrane vesicles released from garlic exosome-like nanoparticles (GaELNs) train gut bacteria that reverses type 2 diabetes via the gut\u2010brain axis. Small. 2024;20:2308680.","journal-title":"Small"},{"key":"4800_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2021.11.019","volume":"341","author":"H Li","year":"2022","unstructured":"Li H, Feng Y, Zheng X, et al. M2-type exosomes nanoparticles for rheumatoid arthritis therapy via macrophage re-polarization. J Controlled Release. 2022;341:16\u201330.","journal-title":"J Controlled Release"},{"key":"4800_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/smll.202410124","volume":"21","author":"D Li","year":"2025","unstructured":"Li D, Yi G, Cao G, et al. Dual-carriers of tartary buckwheat\u2010derived exosome\u2010like nanovesicles synergistically regulate glucose metabolism in the intestine\u2010liver axis. Small. 2025;21:2410124.","journal-title":"Small"}],"container-title":["Journal of Nanobiotechnology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s12951-026-04800-9","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12951-026-04800-9.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12951-026-04800-9.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T02:03:13Z","timestamp":1791165793000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1186\/s12951-026-04800-9"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,10]]},"references-count":52,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]}},"alternative-id":["4800"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12951-026-04800-9","relation":{},"ISSN":["1477-3155"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1477-3155","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,10]]},"assertion":[{"value":"7 January 2026","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"4 July 2026","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"10 July 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"All animal experiments were performed and approved by the Animal Care and Use Committee of Xi\u2019an Medical College (approval number: XYLS2024134).","order":1,"name":"Ethics","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"All authors of this study agreed to publish.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","label":"Consent for publication","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","label":"Competing interests","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}}],"article-number":"922"}}