{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T04:25:14Z","timestamp":1787718314955,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,20]],"date-time":"2026-07-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1784505600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1787702400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":37,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"name":"the Research Project of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University","award":["2025JKZKTS27, 2025GJYY28"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2025JKZKTS27, 2025GJYY28"]}]},{"name":"Zhejiang Medical and Health Science and Technology Planning Project","award":["2025KY954"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2025KY954"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["82374127"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82374127"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Nanobiotechnol"],"DOI":"10.1186\/s12951-026-04824-1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,20]],"date-time":"2026-07-20T12:35:17Z","timestamp":1784550917000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Colon-targeting pH-responsive Bletilla striata polysaccharide coacervate microdroplets for ulcerative colitis therapy via macrophage reprogramming"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"Qiantao","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lai","family":"Chai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hui","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xueer","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yujing","family":"Niu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hongli","family":"Cao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xin","family":"Rao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mingyuan","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuchi","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaoqing","family":"Ye","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fangmei","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhishan","family":"Ding","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bingqi","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"4824_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"106","DOI":"10.1186\/s12929-025-01206-x","volume":"32","author":"H Cruz","year":"2025","unstructured":"Cruz H, Shah P, Wohlgemuth N, Ketchum R, Nassif I, Hu C-AA. Pyroptosis in ulcerative colitis: biomarkers and therapeutic targets. J Biomed Sci. 2025;32:106. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12929-025-01206-x.","journal-title":"J Biomed Sci"},{"key":"4824_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"892","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tips.2024.08.003","volume":"45","author":"P Wangchuk","year":"2024","unstructured":"Wangchuk P, Yeshi K, Loukas A. Ulcerative colitis: clinical biomarkers, therapeutic targets, and emerging treatments. Trends Pharmacol Sci. 2024;45:892\u2013903. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.tips.2024.08.003.","journal-title":"Trends Pharmacol Sci"},{"key":"4824_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.14309\/ajg.0000000000003463","author":"DT Rubin","year":"2025","unstructured":"Rubin DT, Ananthakrishnan AN, Siegel CA, Barnes EL, Long MD. ACG clinical guideline update: ulcerative colitis in adults. Am J Gastroenterol. 2025. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.14309\/ajg.0000000000003463.","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"4824_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1396","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2022.01.023","volume":"162","author":"N Krugliak Cleveland","year":"2022","unstructured":"Krugliak Cleveland N, Torres J, Rubin DT. What Does Disease Progression Look Like in Ulcerative Colitis, and How Might It Be Prevented? Gastroenterology. 2022;162:1396\u2013408. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1053\/j.gastro.2022.01.023.","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"4824_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2164","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2023-329964","volume":"72","author":"MF Neurath","year":"2023","unstructured":"Neurath MF, Vieth M. Different levels of healing in inflammatory bowel diseases: mucosal, histological, transmural, barrier and complete healing. Gut. 2023;72:2164. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/gutjnl-2023-329964.","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"4824_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"532","DOI":"10.1186\/s12951-025-03567-9","volume":"23","author":"Q Lv","year":"2025","unstructured":"Lv Q, Yang H, Xie Y, Huang X, Yan Z, Lv Y, Cui Y, Hu L, Qiao H. Prunus mume derived extracellular vesicle-like particles alleviate experimental colitis via disrupting NEK7-NLRP3 interaction and inflammasome activation. J Nanobiotechnol. 2025;23:532. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12951-025-03567-9.","journal-title":"J Nanobiotechnol"},{"key":"4824_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"156794","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2025.156794","volume":"142","author":"F-H Wei","year":"2025","unstructured":"Wei F-H, Xie W-Y, Zhao P-S, Ji Z-H, Gao F, Chen C-Z, Zhang Z, Gao W, Yuan B. Crataegus pinnatifida polysaccharide alleviates DSS-induced colitis in mice by regulating the intestinal microbiota and enhancing arginine biosynthesis. Phytomedicine. 2025;142:156794. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.phymed.2025.156794.","journal-title":"Phytomedicine"},{"key":"4824_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tmed.2026.100018","volume":"1","author":"J Li","year":"2026","unstructured":"Li J, Fang X, Chen J, Xu Y, Li Z, Du Y, et al. Single-cell encapsulation of Agathobacter rectalis in Aloe vera gel alleviates DSS-induced colitis by remodeling the gut microbiota-metabolite axis. TransMed. 2026;1:100018. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.tmed.2026.100018.","journal-title":"TransMed"},{"key":"4824_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"146681","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2025.146681","volume":"322","author":"Q Zhang","year":"2025","unstructured":"Zhang Q, Niu Y, Rao X, Chai L, Chen X, Zhou M, Chen Y, Ye X, Zhou F, Yu J, Ding Z, Zhu B. Advanced strategies in medicinal plant polysaccharide-based hydrogels for diabetic foot ulcer healing: A review. Int J Biol Macromol. 2025;322:146681. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2025.146681.","journal-title":"Int J Biol Macromol"},{"key":"4824_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"110145","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v31.i30.110145","volume":"31","author":"Y-T Sun","year":"2025","unstructured":"Sun Y-T, Zhou F, Zheng H-X, Xiao J-D. Clinical efficacy and mechanism of Bletilla striata and Chinese herbal compounds in treatment of peptic ulcer. World J Gastroenterol. 2025;31:110145. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3748\/wjg.v31.i30.110145.","journal-title":"World J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"4824_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"129874","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2024.129874","volume":"261","author":"X He","year":"2024","unstructured":"He X, Liu L, Gu F, Huang R, Liu L, Nian Y, Zhang Y, Song C. Exploration of the anti-inflammatory, analgesic, and wound healing activities of Bletilla Striata polysaccharide. Int J Biol Macromol. 2024;261:129874. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2024.129874.","journal-title":"Int J Biol Macromol"},{"key":"4824_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"125038","DOI":"10.1016\/j.carbpol.2026.125038","volume":"380","author":"H Hou","year":"2026","unstructured":"Hou H, Li L, Islam T, Shi J, Hou M, Jiang S, Zhao X, Lin C, Han Q, Zhu L, Bian Z. Precise structural characterization and therapeutic potential of a glucomannan polysaccharide from dried rhizome of plant Bletilla striata against ulcerative colitis. Carbohydr Polym. 2026;380:125038. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.carbpol.2026.125038.","journal-title":"Carbohydr Polym"},{"key":"4824_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2025.1688676","author":"B Wang","year":"2025","unstructured":"Wang B, Wu C, Ma Y, Liu X, Tao L, Zhou X, Jia L. Recent advances in Bletilla striata polysaccharide research: extraction methodologies, structural elucidation, pharmacological mechanisms, structure\u2013activity relationships, and therapeutic delivery applications. 16\u20132025. 2025. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fphar.2025.1688676.","journal-title":"16\u20132025"},{"key":"4824_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.13386\/j.issn1002-0306.2019100063","volume":"41","author":"N Cao","year":"2020","unstructured":"Cao N, Zhao Z, Zhao YT, et al. Degradation of Poria cocos polysaccharides in simulated gastric juice and intestinal juice and its intestinal absorption in vivo. Sci Technol Food Ind. 2020;41:61\u20137. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.13386\/j.issn1002-0306.2019100063.","journal-title":"Sci Technol Food Ind"},{"key":"4824_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"244","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bioactmat.2025.06.016","volume":"52","author":"B Ding","year":"2025","unstructured":"Ding B, Jiang W, Ouyang T, Xu H. Smart coacervate microdroplets: biomimetic design, material innovations, and emerging applications in biomacromolecule delivery. Bioactive Mater. 2025;52:244\u201370. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.bioactmat.2025.06.016.","journal-title":"Bioactive Mater"},{"key":"4824_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"35724","DOI":"10.1021\/acsnano.5c12015","volume":"19","author":"J Lim","year":"2025","unstructured":"Lim J, Gudlur S, Buchanan C, Perrin QM, Boyd H, Moulin M, Iwase H, Porcar L, C\u00e1rdenas M, Miserez A, Pervushin K. Hierarchical Structural Organization in Bioinspired Peptide Coacervate Microdroplets. ACS Nano. 2025;19:35724\u201339. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1021\/acsnano.5c12015.","journal-title":"ACS Nano"},{"key":"4824_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10554","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-025-65601-6","volume":"16","author":"L Jia","year":"2025","unstructured":"Jia L, Zhou C, Qiao Y. Enzymatically reconfigurable liquid crystalline coacervate microdroplets as protocell models. Nat Commun. 2025;16:10554. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41467-025-65601-6.","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"4824_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Kalina M, Kargerov\u00e1 A, Peka\u0159 M. DEAE-dextran hydrochloride behaviour in aqueous solution-The effect of ionic strength and concentration. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.carbpol.2019.05.070","DOI":"10.1016\/j.carbpol.2019.05.070"},{"key":"4824_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100019","DOI":"10.1016\/j.supmat.2022.100019","volume":"1","author":"H Wu","year":"2022","unstructured":"Wu H, Qiao Y. Engineering coacervate droplets towards the building of multiplex biomimetic protocells. Supramolecular Mater. 2022;1:100019. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.supmat.2022.100019.","journal-title":"Supramolecular Mater"},{"key":"4824_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2311890","DOI":"10.1002\/smll.202311890","volume":"20","author":"Y Tian","year":"2024","unstructured":"Tian Y, Hu Q, Sun Z, Yu Y, Li X, Tian T, Bi X, Li Y, Niu B, Zhang Z. Colon Targeting pH-Responsive Coacervate Microdroplets for Treatment of Ulcerative Colitis. Small. 2024;20:2311890. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/smll.202311890.","journal-title":"Small"},{"key":"4824_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"28242","DOI":"10.1021\/acsnano.5c05032","volume":"19","author":"Z Zhang","year":"2025","unstructured":"Zhang Z, Pan Y, Fan X, Du N, Pan Q, Ye L, Ding X, Cai P, Luo K, Hu B, He B, Pu Y. A Colon-Targeted Oral Nanosystem Disrupts the Inflammatory Loop in Enteric Glia to Alleviate Ulcerative Colitis. ACS Nano. 2025;19:28242\u201356. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1021\/acsnano.5c05032.","journal-title":"ACS Nano"},{"key":"4824_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"114411","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2025.114411","volume":"389","author":"C Chen","year":"2026","unstructured":"Chen C, Guilbaud L, Marotti V, Zhang W, Domingues I, Yagoubi H, Vints K, Xu Y, Beloqui A. An antioxidant metal-organic framework with functional coatings for oral anti-TNF-\u03b1 antibody delivery in inflammatory bowel disease treatment. J Controlled Release. 2026;389:114411. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jconrel.2025.114411.","journal-title":"J Controlled Release"},{"key":"4824_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"141026","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2025.141026","volume":"305","author":"Q Wu","year":"2025","unstructured":"Wu Q, Chen Y, Zhu B, Zhou F, Li X, Ye X, Ding Z, Zhou M. Bletilla striata polysaccharides alleviate ARDS by inhibiting NETs-induced pyroptosis in pulmonary alveolar macrophage through the PAD4 pathway. Int J Biol Macromol. 2025;305:141026. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2025.141026.","journal-title":"Int J Biol Macromol"},{"key":"4824_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"125023","DOI":"10.1016\/j.carbpol.2026.125023","volume":"380","author":"C Shen","year":"2026","unstructured":"Shen C, Zhou F, Chen Y, Zhu B, Li Y, Mao Z, Wang Y, Li X, Zhou M, Wu J, Ding Z. Oral absorption, cellular uptake and transport mechanisms of a novel glucuronogalactomannan from Tetrastigma hemsleyanum Diels et Gilg in the intestinal epithelium. Carbohydr Polym. 2026;380:125023. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.carbpol.2026.125023.","journal-title":"Carbohydr Polym"},{"key":"4824_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"117255","DOI":"10.1016\/j.carbpol.2020.117255","volume":"253","author":"Z Zheng","year":"2021","unstructured":"Zheng Z, Zhang Y, Liu Y, Wang J, Cui Z, Pan X, Liu Y, Tang W, Wang K. Metabolic degradation of lentinan in liver mediated by CYP450 enzymes and epoxide hydrolase. Carbohydr Polym. 2021;253:117255. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.carbpol.2020.117255.","journal-title":"Carbohydr Polym"},{"key":"4824_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1631","DOI":"10.21769\/BioProtoc.1631","volume":"5","author":"X Liu","year":"2015","unstructured":"Liu X, Quan N. Immune Cell Isolation from Mouse Femur Bone Marrow. Bio-protocol. 2015;5:e1631. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.21769\/BioProtoc.1631.","journal-title":"Bio-protocol"},{"key":"4824_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"175155","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cej.2026.175155","volume":"535","author":"Y Niu","year":"2026","unstructured":"Niu Y, Cao H, Zhang Q, Rao X, Chai L, Hu X, Zhou F, Zhou M, Chen Y, Ye X, Shen Y, Ding Z, Zhu B. Self-assembled nanozyme-functionalized dynamic double-network hydrogel accelerates diabetic wound repair by remodeling the immune microenvironment and promoting vascular-nerve regeneration. Chem Eng J. 2026;535:175155. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cej.2026.175155.","journal-title":"Chem Eng J"},{"key":"4824_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e14871","DOI":"10.1002\/smll.202514871","volume":"22","author":"J Li","year":"2026","unstructured":"Li J, Jiang X, Duan Y, Li X, Dong J, Yang B, Li Y. Stable Coacervate Microdroplets as Robust Microreactors for Enhanced Enzymatic Catalysis. Small. 2026;22:e14871. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/smll.202514871.","journal-title":"Small"},{"key":"4824_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"472","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2023.03.056","volume":"357","author":"Y Liu","year":"2023","unstructured":"Liu Y, Ahumada AL, Bayraktar E, Schwartz P, Chowdhury M, Shi S, Sebastian MM, Khant H, de Val N, Bayram NN, Zhang G, Vu TC, Jie Z, Jennings NB, Rodriguez-Aguayo C, Swain J, Stur E, Mangala LS, Wu Y, Nagaraju S, Ermias B, Li C, Lopez-Berestein G, Braam J, Sood AK. Enhancing oral delivery of plant-derived vesicles for colitis. J Controlled Release. 2023;357:472\u201383. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jconrel.2023.03.056.","journal-title":"J Controlled Release"},{"key":"4824_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"126357","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2023.126357","volume":"253","author":"Y Zhang","year":"2023","unstructured":"Zhang Y, Wu N, Wang J, Chen Z, Wu Z, Song M, Zheng Z, Wang K. Gastrointestinal metabolism characteristics and mechanism of a polysaccharide from Grifola frondosa. Int J Biol Macromol. 2023;253:126357. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2023.126357.","journal-title":"Int J Biol Macromol"},{"key":"4824_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"122586","DOI":"10.1016\/j.carbpol.2024.122586","volume":"346","author":"K Wang","year":"2024","unstructured":"Wang K, Liu Y, Zhang Z, Zheng Z, Tang W, Teng W, Mu X, Wang J, Zhang Y. Insights into oral lentinan immunomodulation: Dectin-1-mediated lymphatic transport from Peyer\u2019s patch M cells to mononuclear phagocytes. Carbohydr Polym. 2024;346:122586. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.carbpol.2024.122586.","journal-title":"Carbohydr Polym"},{"key":"4824_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"400","DOI":"10.1186\/s12951-025-03479-8","volume":"23","author":"Y Zhang","year":"2025","unstructured":"Zhang Y, Wang Y, Lu Y, Quan H, Wang Y, Song S, Guo H. Advanced oral drug delivery systems for gastrointestinal targeted delivery: the design principles and foundations. J Nanobiotechnol. 2025;23:400. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12951-025-03479-8.","journal-title":"J Nanobiotechnol"},{"key":"4824_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"92","DOI":"10.1208\/s12249-026-03348-z","volume":"27","author":"K Bansal","year":"2026","unstructured":"Bansal K, Mukharya A, B Jindal A. Delivery Strategies and Clinical Significance of Oral Colon-targeted Drug Delivery Systems. AAPS PharmSciTech. 2026;27:92. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1208\/s12249-026-03348-z.","journal-title":"AAPS PharmSciTech"},{"key":"4824_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"573","DOI":"10.1016\/S2468-1253(24)00390-X","volume":"10","author":"MF Neurath","year":"2025","unstructured":"Neurath MF, Artis D, Becker C. The intestinal barrier: a pivotal role in health, inflammation, and cancer. Lancet Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2025;10:573\u201392. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S2468-1253(24)00390-X.","journal-title":"Lancet Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"4824_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3432","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-022-31171-0","volume":"13","author":"J Zhou","year":"2022","unstructured":"Zhou J, Li M, Chen Q, Li X, Chen L, Dong Z, Zhu W, Yang Y, Liu Z, Chen Q. Programmable probiotics modulate inflammation and gut microbiota for inflammatory bowel disease treatment after effective oral delivery. Nat Commun. 2022;13:3432. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41467-022-31171-0.","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"4824_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4306","DOI":"10.1007\/s10620-023-08122-w","volume":"68","author":"KA Dunleavy","year":"2023","unstructured":"Dunleavy KA, Raffals LE, Camilleri M. Intestinal Barrier Dysfunction in Inflammatory Bowel Disease: Underpinning Pathogenesis and Therapeutics. Dig Dis Sci. 2023;68:4306\u201320. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10620-023-08122-w.","journal-title":"Dig Dis Sci"},{"key":"4824_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1516","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2019-318427","volume":"68","author":"M Camilleri","year":"2019","unstructured":"Camilleri M. Leaky gut: mechanisms, measurement and clinical implications in humans. Gut. 2019;68:1516. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/gutjnl-2019-318427.","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"4824_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2309516","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.202309516","volume":"36","author":"Y Ma","year":"2024","unstructured":"Ma Y, Gou S, Zhu Z, Sun J, Shahbazi M-A, Si T, Xu C, Ru J, Shi X, Reis RL, Kundu SC, Ke B, Nie G, Xiao B. Transient Mild Photothermia Improves Therapeutic Performance of Oral Nanomedicines with Enhanced Accumulation in the Colitis Mucosa. Adv Mater. 2024;36:2309516. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/adma.202309516.","journal-title":"Adv Mater"},{"key":"4824_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"110342","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodres.2021.110342","volume":"144","author":"B Zhang","year":"2021","unstructured":"Zhang B, Liu M, Liu G, Li D, Zhou B. Oral absorption mechanism of the polysaccharides from Gastrodia elata Blume base on fluorescence labeling. Food Res Int. 2021;144:110342. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.foodres.2021.110342.","journal-title":"Food Res Int"},{"key":"4824_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"146668","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2025.146668","volume":"322","author":"C-Y Fang","year":"2025","unstructured":"Fang C-Y, Chen S-Y, Liao C-C, Chen J-D, Yen G-C. Fagopyrum esculentum polysaccharides mitigate obesity by reshaping gut microbiota and enhancing lipid metabolism in high-fat diet-fed mice. Int J Biol Macromol. 2025;322:146668. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2025.146668.","journal-title":"Int J Biol Macromol"},{"key":"4824_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3675","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-023-39173-2","volume":"14","author":"J Du","year":"2023","unstructured":"Du J, Zhang J, Wang L, Wang X, Zhao Y, Lu J, Fan T, Niu M, Zhang J, Cheng F, Li J, Zhu Q, Zhang D, Pei H, Li G, Liang X, Huang H, Cao X, Liu X, Shao W, Sheng J. Selective oxidative protection leads to tissue topological changes orchestrated by macrophage during ulcerative colitis. Nat Commun. 2023;14:3675. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41467-023-39173-2.","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"4824_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"372","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2018.08.067","volume":"175","author":"J Kinchen","year":"2018","unstructured":"Kinchen J, Chen HH, Parikh K, Antanaviciute A, Jagielowicz M, Fawkner-Corbett D, et al. Structural remodeling of the human colonic mesenchyme in inflammatory bowel disease. Cell. 2018;175:372-e386317. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cell.2018.08.067.","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"4824_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9291","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-024-53144-1","volume":"15","author":"Y Wu","year":"2024","unstructured":"Wu Y, Zhang X, Liu X, Zhao Z, Tao S, Xu Q, Zhao J, Dai Z, Zhang G, Han D, Wang J. Galactooligosaccharides and Limosilactobacillus reuteri synergistically alleviate gut inflammation and barrier dysfunction by enriching Bacteroides acidifaciens for pentadecanoic acid biosynthesis. Nat Commun. 2024;15:9291. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41467-024-53144-1.","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"4824_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e05208","DOI":"10.1002\/advs.202505208","volume":"12","author":"Y Wang","year":"2025","unstructured":"Wang Y, Zhou Y, Wu Q, Li Y, Huang Y, Yu K, Li P, Lv Z, Liu H, Zou H, Liu H, Mou X. Honeysuckle-Derived Nanovesicles Regulate Gut Microbiota for the Treatment of Inflammatory Bowel Disease. Adv Sci. 2025;12:e05208. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/advs.202505208.","journal-title":"Adv Sci"},{"key":"4824_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2545417","DOI":"10.1080\/19490976.2025.2545417","volume":"17","author":"Y You","year":"2025","unstructured":"You Y, Xiang T, Yang C, Xiao S, Tang Y, Luo G, Ling Z, Luo F, Chen Y. Interactions between the gut microbiota and immune cell dynamics: novel insights into the gut-bone axis. Gut Microbes. 2025;17:2545417. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/19490976.2025.2545417.","journal-title":"Gut Microbes"},{"key":"4824_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3315","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-025-58407-z","volume":"16","author":"J Zhang","year":"2025","unstructured":"Zhang J, Yang J, Luo J, Wu W, Luo H, Wei W, Lyu H, Wang Y, Yi H, Zhang Y, Fan Z, Lyu H, Kanakaveti VP, Qin B, Yuan P, Yang R, Zhang H, Zuo T, Felsher DW, Lee M-H, Li K. Lactobacillus acidophilus potentiates oncolytic virotherapy through modulating gut microbiota homeostasis in hepatocellular carcinoma. Nat Commun. 2025;16:3315. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41467-025-58407-z.","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"4824_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"128317","DOI":"10.1016\/j.micres.2025.128317","volume":"301","author":"N Shaheen","year":"2025","unstructured":"Shaheen N, Khursheed W, Gurung B, Wang S. Akkermansia muciniphila: A key player in gut microbiota-based disease modulation. Microbiol Res. 2025;301:128317. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.micres.2025.128317.","journal-title":"Microbiol Res"},{"key":"4824_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1905","DOI":"10.1158\/2159-8290.CD-24-1230","volume":"15","author":"L Marcos-Kovandzic","year":"2025","unstructured":"Marcos-Kovandzic L, Avagliano M, Ben Khelil M, Srikanthan J, Abdallah R, Petrocelli V, Rengassamy J, Alfaro A, Bied M, Fidelle M, Ferrere G, Daill\u00e8re R, Arbab A, Amine-Hneineh R, Pages A, Dartigues P, Ly P, Simon S, Durand S, Gottschlich A, Ginhoux F, Bl\u00e9riot C, Liu P, Zhao L, Creusot L, Rolhion N, Derosa L, Kroemer G, Menger L, Kobold S, Castilla-Llorente C, Sokol H, Casola S, Pasolli E, Zitvogel L, Bigenwald C. Gut Microbiota Modulation through Akkermansia spp. Supplementation Increases CAR T-cell Potency. Cancer Discov. 2025;15:1905\u201326. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1158\/2159-8290.CD-24-1230.","journal-title":"Cancer Discov"},{"key":"4824_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"465","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jare.2025.01.003","volume":"77","author":"M-h Qi","year":"2025","unstructured":"Qi M-h, Zhang H-y, Hou Y-y, Nguepi Tsopmejio IS, Liu W, Chang W-g, Chen C, Wang Z, Li W. Ginseng-derived GABAFG ameliorates type 2 diabetes mellitus by modulating autophagy-lysosome pathway and gut microbiota. J Adv Res. 2025;77:465\u201380. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jare.2025.01.003.","journal-title":"J Adv Res"}],"container-title":["Journal of Nanobiotechnology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s12951-026-04824-1","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12951-026-04824-1.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12951-026-04824-1.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T04:16:22Z","timestamp":1787717782000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1186\/s12951-026-04824-1"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,20]]},"references-count":49,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]}},"alternative-id":["4824"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12951-026-04824-1","relation":{"has-preprint":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.21203\/rs.3.rs-10116278\/v1","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["1477-3155"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1477-3155","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,20]]},"assertion":[{"value":"22 June 2026","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"13 July 2026","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"20 July 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"This study was conducted according to the guidelines of the National Institutes of Health Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals (NIH Publications No. 8023, revised 1978), and it was approved by the Ethics Committee of Animal Experiments Center of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University (protocol code is IACUC- 20250616-10).","order":1,"name":"Ethics","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","label":"Consent for publication","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","label":"Competing interests","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}}],"article-number":"811"}}