{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]],"date-time":"2026-09-23T02:03:20Z","timestamp":1790129000171,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,4,24]],"date-time":"2015-04-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1429833600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Harm Reduct J"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,12]]},"DOI":"10.1186\/s12954-015-0045-2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,4,22]],"date-time":"2015-04-22T23:36:06Z","timestamp":1429745766000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":27,"title":["Acquiring hepatitis C in prison: the social organisation of injecting risk"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"12","author":[{"name":"on behalf of the HITS-p investigators","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carla","family":"Treloar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luke","family":"McCredie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrew R","family":"Lloyd","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,4,24]]},"reference":[{"issue":"10","key":"45_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1695","DOI":"10.1111\/add.12643","volume":"109","author":"F Luciani","year":"2014","unstructured":"Luciani F, Breta\u00f1a N, Teutsch S, Amin J, Topp L, Dore G, et al. A prospective study of hepatitis C incidence in Australian prisoners. Addiction. 2014;109(10):1695\u2013706.","journal-title":"Addiction"},{"issue":"4","key":"45_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1215","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.26387","volume":"58","author":"S Larney","year":"2013","unstructured":"Larney S, Kopinski H, Beckwith C, Zaller N, Des Jarlais D, Hagan H, et al. Incidence and prevalence of hepatitis C in prisons and other closed settings: results of a systematic review and meta-analysis. Hepatology. 2013;58(4):1215\u201324.","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"45_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"305","DOI":"10.1136\/jech.2006.051599","volume":"62","author":"M Vescio","year":"2008","unstructured":"Vescio M, Longo B, Babudieri S, Starnini G, Carbonara S, Rezza G, et al. Correlates of hepatitis C virus seropositivity in prison inmates: a meta-analysis. J Epidemiol Community Health. 2008;62:305\u201313.","journal-title":"J Epidemiol Community Health"},{"issue":"suppl 4","key":"45_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1177\/00333549101250S406","volume":"125","author":"N Awofeso","year":"2010","unstructured":"Awofeso N. Prisons as social determinants of hepatitis C virus and tuberculosis infections. Public Health Rep. 2010;125 suppl 4:25\u201333.","journal-title":"Public Health Rep"},{"issue":"S2","key":"45_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S70","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/cit265","volume":"57","author":"J Post","year":"2013","unstructured":"Post J, Arain A, Lloyd A. Enhancing assessment and treatment of hepatitis C in the custodial setting. Clin Infect Dis. 2013;57(S2):S70\u20134.","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"issue":"159","key":"45_CR6","first-page":"5","volume":"15","author":"J Champion","year":"2004","unstructured":"Champion J, Taylor A, Hutchinson S, Cameron S, McMenamin J, Mitchell A, et al. Incidence of hepatitis C virus infection and associated risk factors among Scottish prison inmates: a cohort study. Am J Epidemiol. 2004;15(159):5.","journal-title":"Am J Epidemiol"},{"key":"45_CR7","volume-title":"National prison entrants\u2019 bloodborne virus and risk behaviour survey report 2004, 2007, and 2010: prevalence of HIV, HBV, HCV, and risk behaviours among Australian prison entrants: national report","author":"T Butler","year":"2011","unstructured":"Butler T, Lim D, Callander D. National prison entrants\u2019 bloodborne virus and risk behaviour survey report 2004, 2007, and 2010: prevalence of HIV, HBV, HCV, and risk behaviours among Australian prison entrants: national report. Kirby Institute: Sydney; 2011."},{"issue":"3","key":"45_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"325","DOI":"10.1177\/0032885511409893","volume":"91","author":"KD Bonnycastle","year":"2011","unstructured":"Bonnycastle KD. Injecting risk into prison sentences: a quantitative analysis of a prisoner-driven survey to measure HCV\/HIV seroprevalence, risk practices and viral testing at one Canadian male federal prison. Prison J. 2011;91(3):325\u201346.","journal-title":"Prison J"},{"issue":"2","key":"45_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1093\/qjmed\/93.2.113","volume":"93","author":"P Ford","year":"2000","unstructured":"Ford P, Perason M, Sankar-Mistry P, Stvenson T, Bell D, Austin J, et al. HIV, hepatitis C and risk behavior in a Canadian medium-security federal penitentiary [for men]. Queens J Med. 2000;93(2):113\u20139.","journal-title":"Queens J Med"},{"key":"45_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"831","DOI":"10.1081\/JA-200030795","volume":"40","author":"W Small","year":"2005","unstructured":"Small W, Kain S, Laliberte N, Schechter M, O\u2019Shaughnessy MV, Spittal P. Incarceration, addiction and harm reduction: inmates experience injecting drugs in prison. Subst Use Misuse. 2005;40:831\u201343.","journal-title":"Subst Use Misuse"},{"issue":"1","key":"45_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1071\/HE09037","volume":"20","author":"J Dyer","year":"2009","unstructured":"Dyer J, Tolliday L. Hepatitis C education and support in Australian prisons: preliminary findings of a nationwide survey. Health Promot J Austr. 2009;20(1):37\u201341.","journal-title":"Health Promot J Austr"},{"key":"45_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"156","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2012.05.008","volume":"126","author":"S Kinner","year":"2012","unstructured":"Kinner S, Jenkinson R, Gouillou M, Milloy M. High-risk drug -use practices among a large sample of Australian prisoners. Drug Alcohol Depend. 2012;126:156\u201360.","journal-title":"Drug Alcohol Depend"},{"key":"45_CR13","volume-title":"Levy M","author":"K Dolan","year":"2010","unstructured":"Dolan K, Teutsch S, Scheuer N. Levy M. Kaldor J, et al. Incidence and risk for acute hepatitis C infection during imprisonment in Australia. Eur J Epidemiol: Rawlinson WD; 2010. Epub 19 January 2010."},{"issue":"2","key":"45_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1191\/1478088706qp063oa","volume":"3","author":"V Braun","year":"2006","unstructured":"Braun V, Clarke V. Using thematic analysis in psychology. Qual Res Psychol. 2006;3(2):77\u2013101.","journal-title":"Qual Res Psychol"},{"issue":"2","key":"45_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1360-0443.2003.00309.x","volume":"98","author":"K Dolan","year":"2003","unstructured":"Dolan K, Rutter S, Wodak A. Prison-based syringe exchange programmes: a review of international research and development. Addiction. 2003;98(2):153\u20138.","journal-title":"Addiction"},{"issue":"1","key":"45_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-9566.2007.00474.x","volume":"29","author":"N Viggiani de","year":"2007","unstructured":"de Viggiani N. Unhealthy prisons: exploring structural determinants of prison health. Sociol Health Illn. 2007;29(1):115\u201335.","journal-title":"Sociol Health Illn"},{"key":"45_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"451","DOI":"10.1080\/01639620050085843","volume":"21","author":"R Hughes","year":"2000","unstructured":"Hughes R, Huby M. Life in prison: perspectives of drug injectors. Deviant Behav. 2000;21:451\u201379.","journal-title":"Deviant Behav"},{"key":"45_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"251","DOI":"10.1080\/09595239600185991","volume":"15","author":"P Turnbull","year":"1996","unstructured":"Turnbull P, Power R, Stimson G. \u201cJust using old works\u201d: injecting risk behaviour in prison. Drug Alcohol Rev. 1996;15:251\u201360.","journal-title":"Drug Alcohol Rev"},{"key":"45_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1119","DOI":"10.1007\/s10654-004-1705-9","volume":"19","author":"T Butler","year":"2004","unstructured":"Butler T, Kariminia A, Levy M, Kaldor J. Prisoners are at risk for hepatitis C transmission. Eur J Epidemiol. 2004;19:1119\u201322.","journal-title":"Eur J Epidemiol"},{"issue":"12","key":"45_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1551","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1360-0443.2002.00229.x","volume":"97","author":"A Boys","year":"2002","unstructured":"Boys A, Farrell M, Bebbington P, Brugha T, Coid J, Jenkins R, et al. Drug use and initiation in prison: results from a national prison survey in England and Wales. Addiction. 2002;97(12):1551\u201360. PubMed Epub 2002\/12\/11. eng.","journal-title":"Addiction"},{"issue":"1","key":"45_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(08)70305-0","volume":"9","author":"R J\u00fcrgens","year":"2009","unstructured":"J\u00fcrgens R, Ball A, Verster A. Interventions to reduce HIV transmission related to injecting drug use in prison. Lancet Infect Dis. 2009;9(1):57\u201366.","journal-title":"Lancet Infect Dis"},{"issue":"6","key":"45_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"738","DOI":"10.1097\/00001648-200211000-00023","volume":"13","author":"F Kapadia","year":"2002","unstructured":"Kapadia F, Vlahov D, Des Jarlais D, Strathdee S, Ouellet L, Kerndt P, et al. Does bleach disinfection of syringes protect against hepatitis C infection among young adult injection drug users? Epidemiology. 2002;13(6):738\u201341.","journal-title":"Epidemiology"},{"key":"45_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"74","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jir196","volume":"204","author":"H Hagan","year":"2011","unstructured":"Hagan H, Pouget E, Des JD. A systematic review and meta-analysis of interventions to prevent hepatitis C virus infection in people who inject drugs. J Infect Dis. 2011;204:74\u201383.","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"issue":"1","key":"45_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-2311.2010.00632.x","volume":"50","author":"KD Bonnycastle","year":"2011","unstructured":"Bonnycastle KD. The social organisation of penal tattooing in two Canadian federal male prisons: locating sites of risk for empirically-based health care interventions. Howard J Crim Justice. 2011;50(1):17\u201333.","journal-title":"Howard J Crim Justice"},{"key":"45_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"98","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2458-7-98","volume":"7","author":"F Khaw","year":"2007","unstructured":"Khaw F, Stobbart L, Murtagh M. \u2018I just keep thinking I haven\u2019t got it because I\u2019m not yellow\u2019: a qualitative study of the factors that influence the uptake of Hepatitis C testing by prisoners. BMC Public Health. 2007;7:98.","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"issue":"2","key":"45_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e87564","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0087564","volume":"9","author":"L Yap","year":"2014","unstructured":"Yap L, Carruthers S, Thompson S, Cheng W, Jones J, Simpson P, et al. A descriptive model of patient readiness, motivators, and hepatitis C treatment uptake among Australian prisoners. PLoS One. 2014;9(2):e87564.","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"5","key":"45_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1564","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.23885","volume":"52","author":"S Pham","year":"2010","unstructured":"Pham S, Bull R, Bennett J, Rawlinson W, Dore G, Lloyd A, et al. Frequent multiple hepatitis C virus infections among injection drug users in a prison setting. Hepatology. 2010;52(5):1564\u201372.","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"45_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"285","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(10)60742-8","volume":"376","author":"L Degenhardt","year":"2010","unstructured":"Degenhardt L, Mathers B, Vickerman P, Rhodes T, Latkin C, Hickman M. Prevention of HIV infection for people who inject drugs: why individual, structural and combination approaches are needed. Lancet. 2010;376:285\u2013301.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"45_CR29","volume-title":"HIV prevention, treatment and care in prisons and other closed settings: a comprehensive package of interventions","author":"UNODC","year":"2013","unstructured":"UNODC. HIV prevention, treatment and care in prisons and other closed settings: a comprehensive package of interventions. UNODC: Austria; 2013."},{"issue":"9","key":"45_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1454","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1360-0443.2007.01912.x","volume":"102","author":"C Berg Van Den","year":"2007","unstructured":"Van Den Berg C, Smit C, Van Brussel G, Coutinho R, Prins M. Amsterdam Cohort. Full participation in harm reduction programmes is associated with decreased risk for human immunodeficiency virus and hepatitis C virus: evidence from the Amsterdam Cohort Studies among drug users. Addiction. 2007;102(9):1454\u201362.","journal-title":"Addiction"},{"issue":"11","key":"45_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1978","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1360-0443.2011.03515.x","volume":"106","author":"K Turner","year":"2011","unstructured":"Turner K, Hutchinson S, Vickerman P, Hope V, Craine N, Palmateer N, et al. The impact of needle and syringe provision and opiate substitution therapy on the incidence of hepatitis C virus in injecting drug users: pooling of UK evidence. Addiction. 2011;106(11):1978\u201388.","journal-title":"Addiction"},{"key":"45_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"647","DOI":"10.5694\/j.1326-5377.2007.tb01085.x","volume":"186","author":"M Levy","year":"2007","unstructured":"Levy M, Treloar C, McDonald R, Booker N. Prisons and bloodborne viruses: old challenges, new solutions. Med J Aust. 2007;186:647\u20139.","journal-title":"Med J Aust"},{"issue":"7","key":"45_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"382","DOI":"10.5694\/mja12.10228","volume":"197","author":"M Levy","year":"2012","unstructured":"Levy M, Treloar C. Harm minimisation in Australian prisons\u2014health protection still depends on where you serve your time [letter]. Med J Aust. 2012;197(7):382.","journal-title":"Med J Aust"},{"key":"45_CR34","first-page":"17","volume-title":"Methadone maintenance treatment and other opioid replacement therapies","author":"W Hall","year":"1998","unstructured":"Hall W, Ward J, Mattick R. The effectiveness of methadone maintenance treatment 1: Heroin use and crime. In: Ward J, Mattick RP, Hall W, editors. Methadone maintenance treatment and other opioid replacement therapies. Amsterdam: Harwood Academic Publishers; 1998. p. 17\u201357."},{"issue":"2","key":"45_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"372","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1360-0443.2011.03618.x","volume":"107","author":"S Larney","year":"2012","unstructured":"Larney S, Toson B, Burns L, Dolan K. Effect of prison-based opioid substitution treatment and post-release retention in treatment on risk of re-incarceration. Addiction. 2012;107(2):372\u201380.","journal-title":"Addiction"},{"issue":"2","key":"45_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"160","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2006.01.010","volume":"84","author":"E Warren","year":"2006","unstructured":"Warren E, Viney R, Shearer J, Shanahan M, Wodak A, Dolan K. Value for money in drug treatment: economic evaluation of prison methadone. Drug Alcohol Depend. 2006;84(2):160\u20136.","journal-title":"Drug Alcohol Depend"},{"key":"45_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1080\/09595239800186951","volume":"17","author":"K Dolan","year":"1998","unstructured":"Dolan K, Wodak A, Hall W. Methadone maintenance treatment reduces heroin injection in New South Wales prisons. Drug Alcohol Rev. 1998;17:153\u20138.","journal-title":"Drug Alcohol Rev"}],"container-title":["Harm Reduction Journal"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12954-015-0045-2.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s12954-015-0045-2\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12954-015-0045-2","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,1]],"date-time":"2020-09-01T02:40:04Z","timestamp":1598928004000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/www.harmreductionjournal.com\/content\/12\/1\/10"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2015,4,24]]},"references-count":37,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,12]]}},"alternative-id":["45"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12954-015-0045-2","relation":{},"ISSN":["1477-7517"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1477-7517","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2015,4,24]]},"article-number":"10"}}