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However, targeted prevention and treatment strategies are lacking, and little is known about the specific needs of users regarding supportive approaches.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      To address this gap, a mixed-methods longitudinal study was conducted with two waves of online data collection (11\/2022\u201301\/2023; 11\/2023\u201301\/2024) in Germany. The adult convenience sample (\n                      <jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20092,196, with\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u2009240 participating in the follow-up) was mostly connected to Berlin\u2019s nightlife scene and included GHB\/GBL\/BD users and their (non-user) social environment. Perceptions and needs regarding prevention and harm-reduction, reasons and measures of decreasing use, and the impact of GHB\/GBL\/BD use were analyzed both quantitatively and qualitatively.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Education, harm reduction strategies, and specialized support options were welcomed by users and non-users, while restrictive approaches were viewed negatively, particularly by heavy users. Many participants expressed a desire to reduce GHB\/GBL\/BD use, driven primarily by health concerns, immediate use risks, and addiction, but only few participants had previously accessed preventive\/therapeutic services. The follow-up showed little change in perceptions and experiences over time.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The findings underscore the need for comprehensive and integrative prevention and treatment strategies for GHB\/GBL\/BD use, with harm reduction approaches prioritized over restrictions. They provide a crucial foundation for future research and interventions and emphasize the necessity of adequately addressing the growing issues related to GHB\/GBL\/BD use.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Trial registration<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The study protocol was pre-registered with the German registry for clinical studies (Deutsches Register Klinischer Studien; drks.de\/search\/de\/trial\/DRKS00030608) on October 28, 2022.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12954-025-01152-9","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,10]],"date-time":"2025-01-10T05:03:40Z","timestamp":1736485420000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Mind the G(ap): bridging prevention needs and approaches for GHB\/GBL users and their social environment"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"22","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3789-6205","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Antonia","family":"Bendau","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1179-6054","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lukas","family":"Roediger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrea","family":"Piest","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"R\u00fcdiger","family":"Schmolke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Katharin","family":"Ahrend","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7801-1434","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Moritz Bruno","family":"Petzold","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8253-1996","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Twyla","family":"Michnevich","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1389-4870","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Felix","family":"Betzler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"1152_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"105435","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yrtph.2023.105435","volume":"142","author":"L Dufayet","year":"2023","unstructured":"Dufayet L, Bargel S, Bonnet A, Boukerma AK, Chevallier C, Evrard M, et al. 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