{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T02:34:48Z","timestamp":1787020488257,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":58,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1760054400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1760054400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"name":"Alfred Deakin Postdoctoral Fellowship"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Harm Reduct J"],"DOI":"10.1186\/s12954-025-01239-3","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T08:38:22Z","timestamp":1760085502000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["A feminist analysis of women\u2019s performance and image-enhancing drug use: epistemic injustice and resources for rethinking enhancement harms"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"22","author":[{"given":"Renae","family":"Fomiatti","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kay","family":"Stanton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]]},"reference":[{"issue":"3","key":"1239_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"246","DOI":"10.1080\/14659891.2016.1179806","volume":"22","author":"O Abrahin","year":"2017","unstructured":"Abrahin O, F\u00e9lix Souza NS, de Sousa EC, Santos AM, Bahrke MS. Anabolic\u2013androgenic steroid use among Brazilian women: An exploratory investigation. Journal of Substance Use. 2017;22(3):246\u201352.","journal-title":"Journal of Substance Use"},{"issue":"3","key":"1239_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"363","DOI":"10.1080\/2159676X.2021.1941210","volume":"14","author":"N Ainsworth","year":"2022","unstructured":"Ainsworth N, Thrower N, S., & Petr\u00f3czi, A. Fragile femininity, embodiment, and self-managing harm: An interpretative phenomenological study exploring the lived experience of females who use anabolic-androgenic steroids. Qualitative Research in Sport, Exercise and Health. 2022;14(3):363\u201381.","journal-title":"Qualitative Research in Sport, Exercise and Health"},{"issue":"3","key":"1239_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"215824401349772","DOI":"10.1177\/2158244013497728","volume":"3","author":"J Andreasson","year":"2013","unstructured":"Andreasson J, Johansson T. Female fitness in the blogosphere: Gender, health, and the body. SAGE Open. 2013;3(3):2158244013497728.","journal-title":"SAGE Open"},{"key":"1239_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Andreasson, J., & Johansson, T. (2020). Female fitness doping. In: Fitness Doping. Palgrave Macmillan, Cham. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-3-030-22105-8_8","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-22105-8_8"},{"issue":"3","key":"1239_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"323","DOI":"10.1080\/17430437.2019.1672152","volume":"24","author":"J Andreasson","year":"2021","unstructured":"Andreasson J, Johansson T. Negotiating female fitness doping: Gender, identity and transgressions. Sport in Society. 2021;24(3):323\u201339.","journal-title":"Sport in Society"},{"key":"1239_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"B\u00f6rjesson, A., Ekebergh, M., Dahl, M. L., Ekstr\u00f6m, L., Lehtihet, M., & Vicente, V. (2021). Women's experiences of using anabolic androgenic steroids.\u00a0Frontiers in Sports and Active Living,\u00a03.","DOI":"10.3389\/fspor.2021.656413"},{"issue":"1\/2","key":"1239_CR7","first-page":"134","volume":"33","author":"L Boyle","year":"2005","unstructured":"Boyle L. Flexing the tensions of female muscularity: How female bodybuilders negotiate normative femininity in competitive bodybuilding. Women\u2019s Studies Quarterly. 2005;33(1\/2):134\u201349.","journal-title":"Women\u2019s Studies Quarterly"},{"key":"1239_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Campbell, N., & Ettorre, E. (2011).\u00a0Gendering addiction: The politics of drug treatment in a neurochemical world. Springer.","DOI":"10.1057\/9780230314245"},{"key":"1239_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Carel, H., & Kidd, I. J. (2017). Epistemic Injustice in Medicine and Healthcare. In I. J. Kidd, J. Medina, & G. Pohlhaus (Eds.), The Routledge Handbook of Epistemic Injustice (1st ed., pp. 336\u2013346). Routledge.","DOI":"10.4324\/9781315212043-33"},{"issue":"11","key":"1239_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"574","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsams.2023.08.179","volume":"26","author":"M Dunn","year":"2023","unstructured":"Dunn M, Piatkowski TM, Robertson J, Lamon S. Is the use of performance and image enhancing drugs (PIEDs) in women an issue of concern? The findings from a stakeholder consultation. J Sci Med Sport. 2023;26(11):574\u20139.","journal-title":"J Sci Med Sport"},{"key":"1239_CR11","volume-title":"Body Panic: Gender","author":"S Dworkin","year":"2009","unstructured":"Dworkin S, Wachs F. Body Panic: Gender. Health and the Selling of Fitness: New York University Press; 2009."},{"key":"1239_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Farrugia, A. (2023). Under pressure: The paradox of autonomy and social norms in drug education.\u00a0International Journal of Drug Policy,\u00a0122, 104194.Fomiatti, Toffoletti & Pienaar, 2023","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugpo.2023.104194"},{"issue":"2","key":"1239_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.1177\/00914509231154938","volume":"50","author":"R Fomiatti","year":"2023","unstructured":"Fomiatti R, Toffoletti K, Pienaar K. Rethinking women\u2019s \u201cperformance and image-enhancing drug consumption\u201d: An agenda for ontopolitically-oriented research. Contemp Drug Probl. 2023;50(2):217\u201331.","journal-title":"Contemp Drug Probl"},{"key":"1239_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Fraser, S., & Seear, K. (2016).\u00a0Making disease, making citizens: The politics of hepatitis C. Routledge.","DOI":"10.4324\/9781315593296"},{"key":"1239_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2019.112720","volume":"246","author":"S Fraser","year":"2020","unstructured":"Fraser S, Fomiatti R, Moore D, Seear K, Aitken C. Is another relationship possible? Connoisseurship and the doctor\u2013patient relationship for men who consume performance and image-enhancing drugs. Soc Sci Med. 2020;246: 112720.","journal-title":"Soc Sci Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"1239_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.1177\/1357034X18781738","volume":"24","author":"S Fraser","year":"2018","unstructured":"Fraser S, Valentine K, Ekendahl M. Drugs, brains and other subalterns: Public debate and the new materialist politics of addiction. Body Soc. 2018;24(4):58\u201386.","journal-title":"Body Soc"},{"key":"1239_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugpo.2019.102610","volume":"82","author":"S Fraser","year":"2020","unstructured":"Fraser S. Doing ontopolitically-oriented research: Synthesising concepts from the ontological turn for alcohol and other drug research and other social sciences. International Journal of Drug Policy. 2020;82: 102610.","journal-title":"International Journal of Drug Policy"},{"key":"1239_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Fricker, M. (2007).\u00a0Epistemic injustice: Power and the ethics of knowing. Oxford University Press.","DOI":"10.1093\/acprof:oso\/9780198237907.001.0001"},{"issue":"3","key":"1239_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.peh.2022.100227","volume":"10","author":"N Gibbs","year":"2022","unstructured":"Gibbs N, Cox L, Turnock L. Anabolics coaching: Emic harm reduction or a public health concern? Performance Enhancement & Health. 2022;10(3): 100227.","journal-title":"Performance Enhancement & Health"},{"issue":"1","key":"1239_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1080\/09589236.2004.10599914","volume":"13","author":"S Grogan","year":"2004","unstructured":"Grogan S, Evans R, Wright S, Hunter G. Femininity and muscularity: Accounts of seven women body builders. J Gend Stud. 2004;13(1):49\u201361.","journal-title":"J Gend Stud"},{"key":"1239_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hall, K. Q. (2017). Queer Epistemology and Epistemic Injustice. In I. J. Kidd, J. Medina, & G. Pohlhaus (Eds.), The Routledge Handbook of Epistemic Injustice (1st ed., pp. 158\u2013166). Routledge.","DOI":"10.4324\/9781315212043-15"},{"issue":"3","key":"1239_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"575","DOI":"10.2307\/3178066","volume":"14","author":"D Haraway","year":"1988","unstructured":"Haraway D. Situated knowledges: The science question in feminism and the privilege of partial perspective 1. Feminist Studies, Autumn. 1988;14(3):575\u201399.","journal-title":"Feminist Studies, Autumn"},{"key":"1239_CR23","first-page":"235","volume-title":"Feminism and science","author":"S Harding","year":"1993","unstructured":"Harding S. Rethinking standpoint epistemology: what Is \u2018strong objectivity\u2019? In: Keller EF, Longino HE, editors. Feminism and science. Oxford: Oxford University Press; 1993. p. 235\u201348."},{"key":"1239_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugpo.2020.102876","volume":"95","author":"IA Havnes","year":"2021","unstructured":"Havnes IA, J\u00f8rstad ML, Innerdal I, Bj\u00f8rnebekk A. Anabolic-androgenic steroid use among women\u2013A qualitative study on experiences of masculinizing, gonadal and sexual effects. International Journal of Drug Policy. 2021;95: 102876.","journal-title":"International Journal of Drug Policy"},{"issue":"6","key":"1239_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"988","DOI":"10.1177\/2167479519896326","volume":"9","author":"A Henning","year":"2021","unstructured":"Henning A, Andreasson J. \u2018Yay, another lady starting a log!\u2019: Women\u2019s fitness doping and the gendered space of an online doping forum. Commun Sport. 2021;9(6):988\u20131007.","journal-title":"Commun Sport"},{"key":"1239_CR26","unstructured":"Heywood, L. (1998). Bodymakers: A cultural anatomy of women's body building. Rutgers University Press."},{"key":"1239_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mce.2017.07.010","volume":"464","author":"G Huang","year":"2018","unstructured":"Huang G, Basaria S. Do anabolic-androgenic steroids have performance-enhancing effects in female athletes? Mol Cell Endocrinol. 2018;464:56\u201364.","journal-title":"Mol Cell Endocrinol"},{"key":"1239_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ian, M. (2001). The primitive subject of female bodybuilding: Transgression and other postmodern myths.\u00a0Differences: A Journal of Feminist Cultural Studies,\u00a012(3), 69\u2013100.","DOI":"10.1215\/10407391-12-3-69"},{"issue":"6","key":"1239_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"475","DOI":"10.1097\/JSM.0b013e3181fb5370","volume":"20","author":"EJ Ip","year":"2010","unstructured":"Ip EJ, Barnett MJ, Tenerowicz MJ, Kim JA, Wei H, Perry PJ. Women and anabolic steroids: An analysis of a dozen users. Clin J Sport Med. 2010;20(6):475\u201381.","journal-title":"Clin J Sport Med"},{"key":"1239_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.1007\/978-94-007-5101-9_11","volume-title":"Athletic Enhancement, Human Nature and Ethics","author":"MR Jespersen","year":"2013","unstructured":"Jespersen MR. \u2018Definitely not for women\u2019: An online community\u2019s reflections on women\u2019s use of performance enhancing drugs in recreational sports. In: Tolleneer J, Sterckx S, Bonte P, editors. Athletic Enhancement, Human Nature and Ethics. Springer; 2013. p. 201\u201318."},{"key":"1239_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Keane, H. (2011). Drugs that work: Pharmaceuticals and performance self-management. In S. Fraser & D. Moore (Eds.), The Drug Effect: Health, Crime and Society (pp. 106\u2013121). Cambridge University Press. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/CBO9781139162142.001","DOI":"10.1017\/CBO9781139162142.001"},{"key":"1239_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-43236-2_16","volume-title":"How Gender Can Transform the Social Sciences","author":"H Keane","year":"2020","unstructured":"Keane H. Smoking as a Gendered Activity. In: Sawer M, Jenkins F, Downing K, editors. How Gender Can Transform the Social Sciences. Springer International Publishing; 2020. p. 159\u201367."},{"key":"1239_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Kidd, I. J., Medina, J., & Pohlhaus, G. (2017). Introduction to The Routledge Handbook of Epistemic Injustice. In I. J. Kidd, J. Medina, & G. Pohlhaus (Eds.), The Routledge Handbook of Epistemic Injustice (1st ed., pp. 1\u20139). Routledge. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4324\/9781315212043-1","DOI":"10.4324\/9781315212043-1"},{"issue":"2\u20133","key":"1239_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.peh.2020.100174","volume":"8","author":"J Kotz\u00e9","year":"2020","unstructured":"Kotz\u00e9 J, Richardson A, Antonopoulos GA. Looking \u2018acceptably\u2019 feminine: A single case study of a female bodybuilder\u2019s use of steroids. Performance Enhancement & Health. 2020;8(2\u20133): 100174.","journal-title":"Performance Enhancement & Health"},{"issue":"6","key":"1239_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"679","DOI":"10.1080\/09595230802392568","volume":"27","author":"B Larance","year":"2008","unstructured":"Larance B, Degenhardt L, Copeland JAN, Dillon P. Injecting risk behaviour and related harm among men who use performance-and image-enhancing drugs. Drug Alcohol Rev. 2008;27(6):679\u201386.","journal-title":"Drug Alcohol Rev"},{"key":"1239_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"126","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugpo.2017.07.018","volume":"49","author":"P Malins","year":"2017","unstructured":"Malins P. Desiring assemblages: A case for desire over pleasure in critical drug studies. International Journal of Drug Policy. 2017;49:126\u201332.","journal-title":"International Journal of Drug Policy"},{"issue":"1","key":"1239_CR37","first-page":"94","volume":"29","author":"VM May","year":"2014","unstructured":"May VM. \u201cSpeaking into the void\u201d? Intersectionality critiques and epistemic backlash Hypatia. 2014;29(1):94\u2013112.","journal-title":"Intersectionality critiques and epistemic backlash Hypatia"},{"issue":"2","key":"1239_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"235","DOI":"10.1123\/ssj.26.2.235","volume":"26","author":"SA McGrath","year":"2009","unstructured":"McGrath SA, Chananie-Hill RA. \u2018Big freaky-looking women\u2019: Normalizing gender transgression through bodybuilding. Sociol Sport J. 2009;26(2):235\u201354.","journal-title":"Sociol Sport J"},{"key":"1239_CR39","unstructured":"Moore, P. (1997). Feminist bodybuilding, sex, and the interruption of investigative knowledge.\u00a0Building bodies, 74\u201386."},{"issue":"1","key":"1239_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1111\/1467-9566.12961","volume":"42","author":"D Moore","year":"2020","unstructured":"Moore D, Keane H, Duncan D. Enacting alcohol realities: gendering practices in Australian studies on \u2018alcohol-related presentations\u2019 to emergency departments. Sociol Health Illn. 2020;42(1):3\u201319.","journal-title":"Sociol Health Illn"},{"issue":"70","key":"1239_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"413","DOI":"10.1080\/08164649.2011.621175","volume":"26","author":"A Moreton-Robinson","year":"2011","unstructured":"Moreton-Robinson A. The white man\u2019s burden: Patriarchal white epistemic violence and Aboriginal women\u2019s knowledges within the academy. Aust Fem Stud. 2011;26(70):413\u201331.","journal-title":"Aust Fem Stud"},{"issue":"2","key":"1239_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"118","DOI":"10.1177\/0193723501252002","volume":"25","author":"C Patton","year":"2001","unstructured":"Patton C. \u201cRock hard\u201d judging the female physique. J Sport Soc Issues. 2001;25(2):118\u201340.","journal-title":"J Sport Soc Issues"},{"issue":"2","key":"1239_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1177\/1440783318766165","volume":"54","author":"A Petersen","year":"2018","unstructured":"Petersen A. Capitalising on ageing anxieties: Promissory discourse and the creation of an \u2018anti-ageing treatment\u2019 market. J Sociol. 2018;54(2):191\u2013202.","journal-title":"J Sociol"},{"issue":"2","key":"1239_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1177\/00914509241249292","volume":"51","author":"T Piatkowski","year":"2024","unstructured":"Piatkowski T, Dunn M. Navigating Risks and Reducing Harm: A Gendered Analysis of Anabolic-Androgenic Steroid Users Within the Risk Environment Framework. Contemp Drug Probl. 2024;51(2):111\u201328.","journal-title":"Contemp Drug Probl"},{"issue":"1","key":"1239_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1186\/s12954-023-00786-x","volume":"20","author":"T Piatkowski","year":"2023","unstructured":"Piatkowski T, Robertson J, Lamon S, Dunn M. Gendered perspectives on women\u2019s anabolic\u2013androgenic steroid (AAS) usage practices. Harm Reduct J. 2023;20(1):56.","journal-title":"Harm Reduct J"},{"issue":"12","key":"1239_CR46","first-page":"2088","volume":"119","author":"T Piatkowski","year":"2024","unstructured":"Piatkowski T, Whiteside B, Robertson J, Henning A, Lau EH, Dunn M. What is the prevalence of anabolic-androgenic steroid use among women? A systematic review Addiction. 2024;119(12):2088\u2013100.","journal-title":"A systematic review Addiction"},{"key":"1239_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pohlhaus, G. (2017). Varieties of Epistemic Injustice 1. In I. J. Kidd, J. Medina, & G. Pohlhaus (Eds.), The Routledge Handbook of Epistemic Injustice (1st ed., pp. 13\u201326). Routledge.","DOI":"10.4324\/9781315212043-2"},{"key":"1239_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2019.112488","volume":"238","author":"T Rhodes","year":"2019","unstructured":"Rhodes T, Lancaster K. Evidence-making interventions in health: A conceptual framing. Soc Sci Med. 2019;238: 112488.","journal-title":"Soc Sci Med"},{"key":"1239_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sassatelli, R. (2010). Fitness Culture: Gyms and the Commercialisation of Discipline and Fun. Palgrave Macmillan.","DOI":"10.1057\/9780230292086_6"},{"issue":"2","key":"1239_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1080\/19398440902909009","volume":"1","author":"C Shilling","year":"2009","unstructured":"Shilling C, Bunsell T. The female bodybuilder as a gender outlaw. Qualitative research in sport and exercise. 2009;1(2):141\u201359.","journal-title":"Qualitative research in sport and exercise"},{"issue":"2","key":"1239_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1080\/09589230701324702","volume":"16","author":"C Schippert","year":"2007","unstructured":"Schippert C. Can muscles be queer? Reconsidering the transgressive hyper-built body. J Gend Stud. 2007;16(2):155\u201371.","journal-title":"J Gend Stud"},{"key":"1239_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Shotwell, A. (2017). Forms of Knowing and Epistemic Resources. In I. J. Kidd, J. Medina, & G. Pohlhaus (Eds.), The Routledge Handbook of Epistemic Injustice (1st ed., pp. 79\u201388). Routledge.","DOI":"10.4324\/9781315212043-8"},{"key":"1239_CR53","first-page":"271","volume-title":"Marxism and the Interpretation of Culture","author":"GC Spivak","year":"1988","unstructured":"Spivak GC. Can the Subaltern Speak? In: Nelson C, Grossberg L, editors. Marxism and the Interpretation of Culture. IL: University of Illinois Press, Urbana; 1988. p. 271\u2013315."},{"issue":"4","key":"1239_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.3390\/socsci9040055","volume":"9","author":"E Sverkersson","year":"2020","unstructured":"Sverkersson E, Andreasson J, Johansson T. \u2018Sis Science\u2019 and fitness doping: Ethnopharmacology, gender and risk. Social Sciences. 2020;9(4):55.","journal-title":"Social Sciences"},{"key":"1239_CR55","unstructured":"Toffoletti, K., Fomiatti, R., & Pienaar, K. (in press). Conceptualising Active Bodies in Digital Spaces: A Feminist Relational Approach. In A. Bundon and V Goodyear (Eds.), Routledge Handbook of Digital Technologies in Sport, Exercise and Physical Education. Routledge."},{"issue":"1","key":"1239_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1177\/0959353517726705","volume":"28","author":"K Toffoletti","year":"2018","unstructured":"Toffoletti K, Thorpe H. Female athletes\u2019 self-representation on social media: A feminist analysis of neoliberal marketing strategies in \u2018economies of visibility.\u2019 Fem Psychol. 2018;28(1):11\u201331.","journal-title":"Fem Psychol"},{"issue":"1","key":"1239_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.3109\/10826084.2015.1082595","volume":"51","author":"MC Van Hout","year":"2016","unstructured":"Van Hout MC, Hearne E. Netnography of female use of the synthetic growth hormone CJC-1295: Pulses and potions. Subst Use Misuse. 2016;51(1):73\u201384.","journal-title":"Subst Use Misuse"},{"issue":"2","key":"1239_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.1177\/1464700111404282","volume":"12","author":"N Vitellone","year":"2011","unstructured":"Vitellone N. The science of the syringe. Fem Theory. 2011;12(2):201\u20137.","journal-title":"Fem Theory"}],"container-title":["Harm Reduction Journal"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12954-025-01239-3.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s12954-025-01239-3\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12954-025-01239-3.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,13]],"date-time":"2025-10-13T14:32:09Z","timestamp":1760365929000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/harmreductionjournal.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s12954-025-01239-3"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]]},"references-count":58,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]}},"alternative-id":["1239"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12954-025-01239-3","relation":{},"ISSN":["1477-7517"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1477-7517","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]]},"assertion":[{"value":"29 January 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"8 May 2025","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"10 October 2025","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"This research has ethics approval (Deakin University\u2019s Human Research Ethics Committee (2022\u2013150), which included consent protocols for participation.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"166"}}