{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,26]],"date-time":"2026-09-26T13:56:24Z","timestamp":1790430984073,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":67,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,4,11]],"date-time":"2018-04-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1523404800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000921","name":"European Cooperation in Science and Technology","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["BM1306"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["BM1306"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000921","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000272","name":"National Institute for Health Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NIHR Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NIHR Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000272","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Health Qual Life Outcomes"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,12]]},"DOI":"10.1186\/s12955-018-0888-9","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,4,11]],"date-time":"2018-04-11T09:29:48Z","timestamp":1523438988000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":100,"title":["A narrative synthesis of research evidence for tinnitus-related complaints as reported by patients and their significant others"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3804-1452","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Deborah Ann","family":"Hall","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kathryn","family":"Fackrell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anne Beatrice","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rachel","family":"Thavayogan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sandra","family":"Smith","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Veronica","family":"Kennedy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Catarina","family":"Tinoco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Evelina D.","family":"Rodrigues","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paula","family":"Campelo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"T\u00e2nia D.","family":"Martins","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vera Martins","family":"Louren\u00e7o","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Diogo","family":"Ribeiro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ha\u00fala F.","family":"Haider","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,4,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"888_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heares.2016.05.009","volume":"337","author":"A McCormack","year":"2016","unstructured":"McCormack A, Edmondson-Jones M, Somerset S, Hall DA. Systematic review of the reporting of tinnitus prevalence and severity. Hear Res. 2016;337:70\u20139.","journal-title":"Hear Res"},{"key":"888_CR2","unstructured":"Davis A, El Rafaie A. Epidemiology of tinnitus. In: Tyler RS, editor. Tinnitus handbook. San Diego: singular publishing. Group. 2000:1\u201323."},{"issue":"3","key":"888_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e69","DOI":"10.1097\/AUD.0000000000000121","volume":"36","author":"C Martinez","year":"2015","unstructured":"Martinez C, Wallenhorst C, McFerran D, Hall DA. Incidence rates of clinically significant tinnitus: 10-year trend from a cohort study in England. Ear Hear. 2015;36(3):e69\u201375.","journal-title":"Ear Hear"},{"issue":"1","key":"888_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1016\/0021-9681(85)90005-0","volume":"38","author":"B Kirshner","year":"1985","unstructured":"Kirshner B, Guyatt G. A methodological framework for assessing health indices. J Chronic Dis. 1985;38(1):27\u201336.","journal-title":"J Chronic Dis"},{"key":"888_CR5","first-page":"1","volume":"1","author":"V Kennedy","year":"2009","unstructured":"Kennedy V, Wilson C, Stephens D. Quality of life and tinnitus. Audiol Med. 2009;1:1\u201312.","journal-title":"Audiol Med."},{"issue":"1","key":"888_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"270","DOI":"10.1186\/s13063-016-1399-9","volume":"17","author":"DA Hall","year":"2016","unstructured":"Hall DA, Haider H, Szczepek AJ, Lau P, Rabau S, et al. Systematic review of outcome domains and instruments used in clinical trials of tinnitus treatments in adults. Trials. 2016;17(1):270.","journal-title":"Trials"},{"issue":"2","key":"888_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"150","DOI":"10.1044\/jshd.4802.150","volume":"48","author":"RS Tyler","year":"1983","unstructured":"Tyler RS, Baker LJ. Difficulties experienced by tinnitus sufferers. J Speech Hear Disord. 1983;48(2):150\u20134.","journal-title":"J Speech Hear Disord"},{"key":"888_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"210","DOI":"10.1097\/00003446-199706000-00004","volume":"18","author":"L Sanchez","year":"1997","unstructured":"Sanchez L, Stephens D. A tinnitus problem questionnaire in a clinic population. Ear Hear. 1997;18:210\u20137.","journal-title":"Ear Hear"},{"key":"888_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"333","DOI":"10.3109\/00206090009098014","volume":"39","author":"L Sanchez","year":"2000","unstructured":"Sanchez L, Stephens D. Survey of the perceived benefits and shortcomings of a specialist tinnitus clinic. Audiology. 2000;39:333\u20139.","journal-title":"Audiology"},{"issue":"3","key":"888_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1080\/00207411.1994.11449286","volume":"23","author":"World Health Organization","year":"1994","unstructured":"World Health Organization. The WHOQOL Group. Development of the WHOQOL: Rationale and current status. Int J Ment Health. 1994;23(3):24\u201356.","journal-title":"Int J Ment Health"},{"issue":"10","key":"888_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"671","DOI":"10.1080\/14992020902998409","volume":"48","author":"N Scarinci","year":"2009","unstructured":"Scarinci N, Worrall L, Hickson L. The effect of hearing impairment in older people on the spouse: development and psychometric testing of the significant other scale for hearing disability (SOS-HEAR). Int J Audiol. 2009;48(10):671\u201383.","journal-title":"Int J Audiol"},{"key":"888_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Haider H, Fackrell K, Kennedy V, Hall DA. Dimensions of tinnitus-related complaints reported by patients and significant others: protocol for a systematic review. BMJ Open 2016;6e009171.","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2015-009171"},{"key":"888_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4135\/9781412985000","volume-title":"Meta-ethnography: Synthesising qualitative studies. Qualitative research methods series 11","author":"G Noblit","year":"1988","unstructured":"Noblit G, Hare R. Meta-ethnography: Synthesising qualitative studies. Qualitative research methods series 11. California: Sage Publications; 1988."},{"issue":"5","key":"888_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"336","DOI":"10.5414\/CP201617","volume":"50","author":"S Vanneste","year":"2012","unstructured":"Vanneste S, Figueiredo R, De Ridder D. Treatment of tinnitus with cyclobenzaprine: an open-label study. Int J Clin Pharmacol Ther. 2012;50(5):336\u201344.","journal-title":"Int J Clin Pharmacol Ther"},{"issue":"3","key":"888_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"403","DOI":"10.1016\/j.otohns.2008.11.036","volume":"140","author":"A Crocetti","year":"2009","unstructured":"Crocetti A, Forti S, Ambrosetti U, Del BL. Questionnaires to evaluate anxiety and depressive levels in tinnitus patients. Otolaryngol - Head Neck Surg. 2009;140(3):403\u20135.","journal-title":"Otolaryngol - Head Neck Surg"},{"key":"888_CR16","unstructured":"Maes IH. Tinnitus: assessment of quality of life and costs: Universiteit Maastricht; 2014."},{"key":"888_CR17","volume-title":"The coding manual for qualitative researchers: London: sage publications ltd","author":"J Salda\u00f1a","year":"2009","unstructured":"Salda\u00f1a J. The coding manual for qualitative researchers: London: sage publications ltd; 2009."},{"key":"888_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.1001\/archotol.127.2.175","volume":"127","author":"G Andersson","year":"2001","unstructured":"Andersson G, Vretblad P, Larsen HC, Lyttkens L. Longitudinal follow-up of tinnitus complaints. Arch Otorhinolaryngol - Head Neck Surg. 2001;127:175\u20139.","journal-title":"Arch Otorhinolaryngol - Head Neck Surg"},{"issue":"S9","key":"888_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"228","DOI":"10.1017\/S1755146300090508","volume":"98","author":"GE Reich","year":"1984","unstructured":"Reich GE, Johnson RM. Personality characteristics of tinnitus patients. J Laryngol Otol. 1984;98(S9):228\u201332.","journal-title":"J Laryngol Otol"},{"issue":"3","key":"888_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"279","DOI":"10.1007\/s00405-007-0440-8","volume":"265","author":"S Belli","year":"2008","unstructured":"Belli S, Belli H, Bahcebasi T, Ozcetin A, Alpay E, Ertem U. Assessment of psychopathological aspects and psychiatric comorbidities in patients affected by tinnitus. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol. 2008;265(3):279\u201385.","journal-title":"Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol"},{"key":"888_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Meikle MB, Henry JA, Griest SE, Stewart BJ, Abrams HB, et al. The tinnitus functional index: development of a new clinical measure for chronic, intrusive tinnitus. Ear Hear 2012;33. 2:153\u201376.","DOI":"10.1097\/AUD.0b013e31822f67c0"},{"key":"888_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2044-8260.1988.tb00778.x","volume":"27","author":"RS Hallam","year":"1988","unstructured":"Hallam RS, Jakes SC, Hinchcliffe R. Cognitive variables in tinnitus annoyance. Br J Clin Psychol. 1988;27:213\u201322.","journal-title":"Br J Clin Psychol"},{"issue":"7","key":"888_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"410","DOI":"10.1080\/14992020400050052","volume":"43","author":"A El Refaie","year":"2004","unstructured":"El Refaie A, Davis A, Baskill J, Lovell E, Owen V. A questionnaire study of the quality of life and quality of family life of individuals complaining of tinnitus pre- and post- attendance at a tinnitus clinic. Int J Audiol. 2004;43(7):410\u20136.","journal-title":"Int J Audiol"},{"issue":"5","key":"888_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"613","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-3999(87)90040-7","volume":"31","author":"J Harrop-Griffiths","year":"1987","unstructured":"Harrop-Griffiths J, Katon W, Dobie R, Sakai C, Russo J. Chronic tinnitus: association with psychiatric diagnoses. J Psychosom Res. 1987;31(5):613\u201321.","journal-title":"J Psychosom Res"},{"key":"888_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.3109\/14992020309056079","volume":"42","author":"E Marciano","year":"2003","unstructured":"Marciano E, Carrabba L, Giannini P, Sementina C, Verde P, Bruno C, et al. Psychiatric comorbidity in a population of outpatients affected by tinnitus. Int J Audiol. 2003;42:4\u20139.","journal-title":"Int J Audiol"},{"issue":"1","key":"888_CR26","first-page":"20","volume":"7","author":"JL Henry","year":"2001","unstructured":"Henry JL, Kangas M, Wilson PH. Development of the psychological impact of tinnitus interview: a clinician-administered measure of tinnitus-related distress. Int Tinnitus J. 2001;7(1):20\u20136.","journal-title":"Int Tinnitus J."},{"issue":"6","key":"888_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"370","DOI":"10.1080\/14992020500147557","volume":"44","author":"C Stobik","year":"2005","unstructured":"Stobik C, Weber RK, M\u00fcnte TF, Walter M, Frommer J. Evidence of psychosomatic influences in compensated and decompensated tinnitus. Int J Audiol. 2005;44(6):370\u20138.","journal-title":"Int J Audiol"},{"issue":"1","key":"888_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.1080\/16513860801899355","volume":"6","author":"G Andersson","year":"2008","unstructured":"Andersson G, Edvinsson E. Mixed feelings about living with tinnitus: a qualitative study. Audiol Med. 2008;6(1):48\u201354.","journal-title":"Audiol Med."},{"issue":"2","key":"888_CR29","first-page":"94","volume":"9","author":"L Sanchez","year":"2000","unstructured":"Sanchez L, Stephens SDG. Perceived problems of tinnitus clinic clients at long-term follow up. J. Audiol Med. 2000;9(2):94\u2013103.","journal-title":"Audiol Med"},{"key":"888_CR30","unstructured":"Toft S. Tinnitus : effects on the patient and partner: University of Leicester; 2003."},{"issue":"1","key":"888_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.3109\/03005364000000006","volume":"31","author":"R Dineen","year":"1997","unstructured":"Dineen R, Doyle J, Bench J. Audiological and psychological characteristics of a group of tinnitus sufferers, prior to tinnitus management training. Br J Audiol. 1997;31(1):27\u201338.","journal-title":"Br J Audiol"},{"key":"888_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"260","DOI":"10.1044\/2014_AJA-13-0014","volume":"23","author":"R Tyler","year":"2014","unstructured":"Tyler R, Ji H, Perreau A, Witt S, Noble W, Coelho C. Development and validation of the tinnitus primary function questionnaire. Am J Audiol. 2014;23:260\u201372.","journal-title":"Am J Audiol"},{"key":"888_CR33","first-page":"61","volume":"45","author":"PM Sourgen","year":"1998","unstructured":"Sourgen PM, Ross E. Perceptions of tinnitus in a group of senior citizens. South African. J Commun Disord. 1998;45:61\u201375.","journal-title":"J Commun Disord"},{"key":"888_CR34","volume-title":"Manual of the tinnitus questionnaire (TQ)","author":"RS Hallam","year":"1996","unstructured":"Hallam RS. Manual of the tinnitus questionnaire (TQ). London: The Psychological Corporation; 1996."},{"issue":"4","key":"888_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"337","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-3999(92)90070-I","volume":"36","author":"W Hiller","year":"1992","unstructured":"Hiller W, Goebel G. A psychometric study of complaints in chronic tinnitus. J Psychosom Res. 1992;36(4):337\u201348.","journal-title":"J Psychosom Res"},{"issue":"5","key":"888_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"544","DOI":"10.1097\/AUD.0000000000000045","volume":"35","author":"CEL Hoekstra","year":"2014","unstructured":"Hoekstra CEL, Wesdorp FM, van Zanten GA. Socio-demographic, health, and tinnitus related variables affecting tinnitus severity. Ear Hear. 2014;35(5):544\u201354.","journal-title":"Ear Hear"},{"issue":"12","key":"888_CR37","first-page":"1274","volume":"32","author":"AA Alsanosi","year":"2011","unstructured":"Alsanosi AA. Impact of tinnitus on quality of life among Saudi patients. Saudi Med J. 2011;32(12):1274\u20138.","journal-title":"Saudi Med J"},{"issue":"2","key":"888_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"84","DOI":"10.1080\/16506073.2012.717301","volume":"42","author":"M Kleinst\u00e4uber","year":"2013","unstructured":"Kleinst\u00e4uber M, Jasper K, Schweda I, Hiller W, Andersson G, Weise C. The role of fear-avoidance cognitions and behaviours in patients with chronic tinnitus. Cogn Behav Ther. 2013;42(2):84\u201399.","journal-title":"Cogn Behav Ther"},{"key":"888_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1001\/archotol.1996.01890140029007","volume":"122","author":"CW Newman","year":"1996","unstructured":"Newman CW, Jacobson GP, Spitzer JB. Development of the tinnitus handicap inventory. Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 1996;122:143\u20138.","journal-title":"Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg"},{"key":"888_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Fetoni AR, Lucidi D, De Corso E, Fiorita A, Conti G, Paludetti G. Relationship between subjective tinnitus perception and psychiatric discomfort. Int Tinnitus J 2016;20(2):76\u201382.","DOI":"10.5935\/0946-5448.20160015"},{"issue":"1","key":"888_CR41","first-page":"11","volume":"22;20","author":"OV Wagenaar","year":"2016","unstructured":"Wagenaar OV, Wieringa M, Mantingh L, Kramer SE, Kok R. Preliminary longitudinal results of neuropsychological education as first and sole intervention for new tinnitus patients. Int Tinnitus J. 2016;22;20(1):11\u20137.","journal-title":"Int Tinnitus J"},{"issue":"2","key":"888_CR42","first-page":"271","volume":"59","author":"W Kaluzny","year":"2005","unstructured":"Kaluzny W, Durko T, Pajor A. Impact of tinnitus on quality of life in the patients\u2019 self-assessment. Polish Otolaryngol. 2005;59(2):271\u20136.","journal-title":"Polish Otolaryngol"},{"issue":"6","key":"888_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"434","DOI":"10.1097\/00003446-199012000-00005","volume":"11","author":"FK Kuk","year":"1990","unstructured":"Kuk FK, Tyler RS, Russell D, Jordan H. The psychometric properties of a tinnitus handicap questionnaire. Ear Hear. 1990;11(6):434\u201345.","journal-title":"Ear Hear"},{"issue":"8","key":"888_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"344","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2003-40947","volume":"53","author":"C Stobik","year":"2003","unstructured":"Stobik C, Weber RK, Munte TF, Frommer J. Psychosomatic stress factors in compensated and decompensated tinnitus. Psychother Psychosom Medizinische Psychol. 2003;53(8):344\u201352.","journal-title":"Psychother Psychosom Medizinische Psychol"},{"key":"888_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"86","DOI":"10.1186\/1477-7525-11-86","volume":"11","author":"US Bankstahl","year":"2013","unstructured":"Bankstahl US, G\u00f6rtelmeyer R. Measuring subjective complaints of attention and performance failures \u2013 development and psychometric validation in tinnitus of the self-assessment scale APSA. Health Qual Life Outcomes. 2013;11:86.","journal-title":"Health Qual Life Outcomes"},{"issue":"4","key":"888_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"228","DOI":"10.1080\/16513860500470474","volume":"3","author":"V Kennedy","year":"2005","unstructured":"Kennedy V, Ch\u00e9ry-Croze S, Stephens D, Kramer S, Thai-Van H, Collet L. Development of the international tinnitus inventory (ITI): a patient-directed problem questionnaire. Audiological Medicine. 2005;3(4):228\u201337.","journal-title":"Audiological Medicine"},{"issue":"4","key":"888_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"711","DOI":"10.1080\/08870449908410759","volume":"14","author":"DR Rutter","year":"1999","unstructured":"Rutter DR, Stein MJ. Psychological aspects of tinnitus: a comparison with hearing loss and ear, nose and throat disorders. Psychol Health. 1999;14(4):711\u20138.","journal-title":"Psychol Health"},{"issue":"2","key":"888_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.1007\/s11136-012-0156-0","volume":"22","author":"N Zirke","year":"2013","unstructured":"Zirke N, Seydel C, Szczepek AJ, Olze H, Haupt H, Mazurek B. Psychological comorbidity in patients with chronic tinnitus: analysis and comparison with chronic pain, asthma or atopic dermatitis patients. Qual Life Res. 2013;22(2):263\u201372.","journal-title":"Qual Life Res"},{"issue":"8","key":"888_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2177","DOI":"10.1007\/s00405-013-2715-6","volume":"271","author":"MAM Gomaa","year":"2014","unstructured":"Gomaa MAM, Elmagd MHA, Elbadry MM, Kader RMA. Depression, anxiety and stress scale in patients with tinnitus and hearing loss. Eur Arch Oto-Rhino-Laryngology. 2014;271(8):2177\u201384.","journal-title":"Eur Arch Oto-Rhino-Laryngology"},{"issue":"5","key":"888_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"661","DOI":"10.1097\/AUD.0b013e31828149f2","volume":"34","author":"C Seydel","year":"2013","unstructured":"Seydel C, Haupt H, Olze H, Szczepek AJ, Mazurek B. Gender and chronic tinnitus: differences in tinnitus-related distress depend on age and duration of tinnitus. Ear Hear. 2013;34(5):661\u201372.","journal-title":"Ear Hear"},{"key":"888_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2327","DOI":"10.1007\/s00405-011-1887-1","volume":"269","author":"E Ooms","year":"2012","unstructured":"Ooms E, Vanheule S, Meganck R, Vinck B, Watelet JB, Dhooge I. Tinnitus severity and its association with cognitive and somatic anxiety: a critical study. Eur Arch Oto-Rhino-Laryngology. 2012;269:2327\u201333.","journal-title":"Eur Arch Oto-Rhino-Laryngology."},{"issue":"2","key":"888_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"441","DOI":"10.1007\/s00405-011-1655-2","volume":"269","author":"E Karatas","year":"2012","unstructured":"Karatas E, Deniz M. The comparison of acoustic and psychic parameters of subjective tinnitus. Eur Arch Oto-Rhino-Laryngology. 2012;269(2):441\u20137.","journal-title":"Eur Arch Oto-Rhino-Laryngology."},{"key":"888_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.7874\/kja.2013.17.2.83","volume":"17","author":"CG Cho","year":"2013","unstructured":"Cho CG, Chi JH, Song JJ, Lee EK, Kim BH. Evaluation of anxiety and depressive levels in tinnitus patients. Korean J Audiol. 2013;17:83\u20139.","journal-title":"Korean J Audiol"},{"issue":"1","key":"888_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1044\/jshr.3401.197","volume":"34","author":"PH Wilson","year":"1991","unstructured":"Wilson PH, Henry J, Bowen M, Haralambous G. Tinnitus reaction questionnaire: psychometric properties of a measure of distress associated with tinnitus. J Speech Hear Res. 1991;34(1):197\u2013201.","journal-title":"J Speech Hear Res"},{"issue":"5","key":"888_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"497","DOI":"10.1016\/0005-7967(86)90029-X","volume":"24","author":"SC Jakes","year":"1986","unstructured":"Jakes SC, Hallam RS, Rachman S, Hinchcliffe R. The effects of reassurance, relaxation training and distraction on chronic tinnitus sufferers. Behav Res Ther. 1986;24(5):497\u2013507.","journal-title":"Behav Res Ther"},{"key":"888_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"168","DOI":"10.3109\/00206099209072912","volume":"31","author":"SI Erlandsson","year":"1992","unstructured":"Erlandsson SI, Hallberg LRM, Axelsson A. Psychological and audiological correlates of perceived tinnitus severity. Audiology. 1992;31:168\u201379.","journal-title":"Audiology"},{"key":"888_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.3109\/00206098509070103","volume":"24","author":"S Jakes","year":"1985","unstructured":"Jakes S, Hallam R, Chambers C, Hinchcliffe R. A factor analytical study of tinnitus complaint behaviour. Audiology. 1985;24:195\u2013206.","journal-title":"Audiology"},{"issue":"4","key":"888_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"468","DOI":"10.1590\/S1809-48722011000400010","volume":"15","author":"D Urnau","year":"2011","unstructured":"Urnau D, Tochetto TM. Characteristics of the tinnitus and hyperacusis in normal hearing individuals [Caracter\u00edsticas do zumbido e da hiperacusia em indiv\u00edduos normo-ouvintes]. Arq Int Otorrinolaringol. 2011;15(4):468\u201374.","journal-title":"Arq Int Otorrinolaringol"},{"issue":"10","key":"888_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"696","DOI":"10.1177\/0003489414532779","volume":"123","author":"GS Miguel","year":"2014","unstructured":"Miguel GS, Yaremchuk K, Roth T, Peterson E. The effect of insomnia on tinnitus. Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol. 2014;123(10):696\u2013700.","journal-title":"Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol"},{"issue":"1","key":"888_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.5935\/0946-5448.20160010","volume":"20","author":"A Cabral","year":"2016","unstructured":"Cabral A, Tonocchi R, Ribas A, Almeida G, Rosa M, Massi G, Berberian AP. The efficacy of hearing aids for emotional and auditory tinnitus issues. Int Tinnitus J. 2016;20(1):54\u20138.","journal-title":"Int Tinnitus J."},{"key":"888_CR61","unstructured":"Critical Appraisal Skills Programme (2017). CASP Qualitative Research Checklist.[online] Available at: http:\/\/media.wix.com\/ugd\/dded87_25658615020e427da194a325e7773d42.pdf . Accessed 9 Apr 2018."},{"key":"888_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Manchaiah V, Beukes EW, Granberg S, Durisala N, Baguley DM, Allen PM, Problems AG. Life effects experienced by tinnitus research study volunteers: an exploratory study using the ICF classification. J Am Acad Audiol. 2017; [Epub ahead of print]","DOI":"10.3766\/jaaa.17094"},{"issue":"1","key":"888_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"388","DOI":"10.1186\/s13063-017-2123-0","volume":"18","author":"K Fackrell","year":"2007","unstructured":"Fackrell K, Smith H, Colley V, Thacker B, Horobin A, Haider HF, Londero A, Mazurek B, Hall DA. Core outcome domains for early phase clinical trials of sound-, psychology-, and pharmacology-based interventions to manage chronic subjective tinnitus in adults: the COMIT'ID study protocol for using a Delphi process and face-to-face meetings to establish consensus. Trials. 2007;18(1):388.","journal-title":"Trials"},{"key":"888_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Watts E, Fackrell K, Smith S, Sheldrake J, Hoare D. Why is tinnitus a problem? A qualitative analysis of problems reported by tinnitus patients. 10th International Tinnitus Research Initiative Conference. Nottingham, UK. 2016. http:\/\/www.tinnitusresearch.org\/images\/files\/meetings\/files2016\/TRI2016_Abstract_Book.pdf . Accessed 9 Apr 2018.","DOI":"10.1177\/2331216518812250"},{"issue":"2","key":"888_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.3766\/jaaa.26.2.6","volume":"26","author":"RJ Kamil","year":"2015","unstructured":"Kamil RJ, Lin FR. The effects of hearing impairment in older adults on communication partners: a systematic review. J Am Acad Audiol. 2015;26(2):155\u201382.","journal-title":"J Am Acad Audiol"},{"key":"888_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"449","DOI":"10.1186\/s13063-016-1555-2","volume":"17","author":"CAC Prinsen","year":"2016","unstructured":"Prinsen CAC, Vohra S, Rose MR, Boers M, Tugwell P, Clarke M, Williamson PR, Terwee CB. How to select outcome measurement instruments for outcomes included in a \u201cCore outcome set\u201d \u2013 a practical guideline. Trials. 2016;17:449.","journal-title":"Trials"},{"key":"888_CR67","unstructured":"Meikle MB, Griest SE, Stewart BJ, Press LS. Measuring the negative impact of tinnitus: a brief severity index. In Abstr Assoc Res Otolaryngol. 1995;167."}],"container-title":["Health and Quality of Life Outcomes"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12955-018-0888-9.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s12955-018-0888-9\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12955-018-0888-9.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,3]],"date-time":"2025-07-03T11:49:11Z","timestamp":1751543351000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/hqlo.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s12955-018-0888-9"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,4,11]]},"references-count":67,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,12]]}},"alternative-id":["888"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12955-018-0888-9","relation":{},"ISSN":["1477-7525"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1477-7525","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,4,11]]},"assertion":[{"value":"7 May 2017","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"2 April 2018","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"11 April 2018","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no competing interests.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}},{"value":"Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Publisher\u2019s Note"}}],"article-number":"61"}}