{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,30]],"date-time":"2026-10-30T20:39:03Z","timestamp":1793392743798,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":57,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,19]],"date-time":"2018-10-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1539907200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005416","name":"Norges Forskningsr\u00e5d","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005416","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100006095","name":"Helse S\u00f8r-\u00d8st RHF","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100006095","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Health Qual Life Outcomes"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,12]]},"DOI":"10.1186\/s12955-018-1029-1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,19]],"date-time":"2018-10-19T06:32:58Z","timestamp":1539930778000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":49,"title":["General population norms for the EQ-5D-3\u00a0L in Norway: comparison of postal and web surveys"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4512-8000","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Knut","family":"Stavem","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Liv A","family":"Augestad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ivar S","family":"Kristiansen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kim","family":"Rand","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"1029_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.1016\/0168-8510(90)90421-9","volume":"16","author":"EuroQol--a new facility for the measurement of health-related quality of life","year":"1990","unstructured":"EuroQol--a new facility for the measurement of health-related quality of life. Health Policy. 1990;16:199\u2013208.","journal-title":"Health Policy"},{"key":"1029_CR2","first-page":"1","volume-title":"Introduction. In self-reported population health: an international perspective based on EQ-5D","author":"J Cabas\u00e9s","year":"2014","unstructured":"Cabas\u00e9s J, Rabin R. In: Szende A, Janssen B, Cabases J, editors. Introduction. In self-reported population health: an international perspective based on EQ-5D. Dordrecht: Springer; 2014. p. 1\u20136."},{"key":"1029_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"367","DOI":"10.1007\/s40273-014-0136-z","volume":"32","author":"T Wisloff","year":"2014","unstructured":"Wisloff T, Hagen G, Hamidi V, Movik E, Klemp M, Olsen JA. Estimating QALY gains in applied studies: a review of cost-utility analyses published in 2010. Pharmacoeconomics. 2014;32:367\u201375.","journal-title":"Pharmacoeconomics"},{"key":"1029_CR4","unstructured":"Where is EQ-5D used? https:\/\/euroqol.org\/eq-5d-instruments\/how-can-eq-5d-be-used\/where-is-eq-5d-used\/ . Accessed 13 Sept 2018."},{"key":"1029_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.1007\/s40258-017-0310-5","volume":"15","author":"NJ Devlin","year":"2017","unstructured":"Devlin NJ, Brooks R. EQ-5D and the EuroQol group: past, present and future. Appl Health Econ Health Policy. 2017;15:127\u201337.","journal-title":"Appl Health Econ Health Policy"},{"key":"1029_CR6","volume-title":"Psychometric theory","author":"JC Nunnally","year":"1994","unstructured":"Nunnally JC, Bernstein IH. Psychometric theory. 3rd ed. New York: McGraw-Hill; 1994.","edition":"3"},{"key":"1029_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1007\/978-94-007-7596-1_3","volume-title":"Self-reported population health: an international perspective based on EQ-5D","author":"B Janssen","year":"2014","unstructured":"Janssen B, Szende A. Population norms for the EQ-5D. In: Szende A, Janssen B, Cabases J, editors. Self-reported population health: an international perspective based on EQ-5D. Dordrecht: Springer; 2014. p. 19\u201330."},{"key":"1029_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"736","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.316.7133.736","volume":"316","author":"P Kind","year":"1998","unstructured":"Kind P, Dolan P, Gudex C, Williams A. Variations in population health status: results from a United Kingdom national questionnaire survey. BMJ. 1998;316:736\u201341.","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"1029_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"621","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1013171831202","volume":"10","author":"K Burstrom","year":"2001","unstructured":"Burstrom K, Johannesson M, Diderichsen F. Swedish population health-related quality of life results using the EQ-5D. Qual Life Res. 2001;10:621\u201335.","journal-title":"Qual Life Res"},{"key":"1029_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1403","DOI":"10.1007\/s11136-006-0020-1","volume":"15","author":"SI Saarni","year":"2006","unstructured":"Saarni SI, Harkanen T, Sintonen H, Suvisaari J, Koskinen S, Aromaa A, Lonnqvist J. The impact of 29 chronic conditions on health-related quality of life: a general population survey in Finland using 15D and EQ-5D. Qual Life Res. 2006;15:1403\u201314.","journal-title":"Qual Life Res"},{"key":"1029_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"467","DOI":"10.1177\/1403494809105286","volume":"37","author":"J Sorensen","year":"2009","unstructured":"Sorensen J, Davidsen M, Gudex C, Pedersen KM, Bronnum-Hansen H. Danish EQ-5D population norms. Scand J Public Health. 2009;37:467\u201374.","journal-title":"Scand J Public Health"},{"key":"1029_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Scalone L, Cortesi PA, Ciampichini R, Cesana G, Mantovani LG. Health related quality of life norm data of the Italian general population: results using the EQ-5D-3L and EQ-5D-5L instruments. Epidemiol Biostatistics Public Health. 2015;12. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2427\/11457 .","DOI":"10.2427\/11457"},{"key":"1029_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.20452\/pamw.2638","volume":"125","author":"D Golicki","year":"2015","unstructured":"Golicki D, Niewada M. General population reference values for 3-level EQ-5D (EQ-5D-3L) questionnaire in Poland. Pol Arch Med Wewn. 2015;125:18\u201326.","journal-title":"Pol Arch Med Wewn"},{"key":"1029_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"631","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1524-4733.2010.00727.x","volume":"13","author":"TV Perneger","year":"2010","unstructured":"Perneger TV, Combescure C, Courvoisier DS. General population reference values for the French version of the EuroQol EQ-5D health utility instrument. Value Health. 2010;13:631\u20135.","journal-title":"Value Health"},{"key":"1029_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1078","DOI":"10.1097\/01.mlr.0000182493.57090.c1","volume":"43","author":"N Luo","year":"2005","unstructured":"Luo N, Johnson JA, Shaw JW, Feeny D, Coons SJ. Self-reported health status of the general adult U.S. population as assessed by the EQ-5D and health utilities index. Med Care. 2005;43:1078\u201386.","journal-title":"Med Care"},{"key":"1029_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1162","DOI":"10.1097\/MLR.0b013e31814848f1","volume":"45","author":"DG Fryback","year":"2007","unstructured":"Fryback DG, Dunham NC, Palta M, Hanmer J, Buechner J, Cherepanov D, Herrington SA, Hays RD, Kaplan RM, Ganiats TG, et al. US norms for six generic health-related quality-of-life indexes from the National Health Measurement study. Med Care. 2007;45:1162\u201370.","journal-title":"Med Care"},{"key":"1029_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"309","DOI":"10.1007\/s11136-010-9762-x","volume":"20","author":"S Sun","year":"2011","unstructured":"Sun S, Chen J, Johannesson M, Kind P, Xu L, Zhang Y, Burstrom K. Population health status in China: EQ-5D results, by age, sex and socio-economic status, from the National Health Services Survey 2008. Qual Life Res. 2011;20:309\u201320.","journal-title":"Qual Life Res"},{"key":"1029_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"707","DOI":"10.1007\/s11136-015-1108-2","volume":"25","author":"T Shiroiwa","year":"2016","unstructured":"Shiroiwa T, Fukuda T, Ikeda S, Igarashi A, Noto S, Saito S, Shimozuma K. Japanese population norms for preference-based measures: EQ-5D-3L, EQ-5D-5L, and SF-6D. Qual Life Res. 2016;25:707\u201319.","journal-title":"Qual Life Res"},{"key":"1029_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e108434","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0108434","volume":"9","author":"S Kularatna","year":"2014","unstructured":"Kularatna S, Whitty JA, Johnson NW, Jayasinghe R, Scuffham PA. EQ-5D-3L derived population norms for health related quality of life in Sri Lanka. PLoS One. 2014;9:e108434.","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"1029_CR20","first-page":"23","volume-title":"17th plenary meeting of the EuroQol group discussion papers","author":"V Prevolnik Rupel","year":"2001","unstructured":"Prevolnik Rupel V, Rebolj M. The Slovenian VAS tariff based on valuations of EQ-5D health states from the general population. In: Cabas\u00e9s J, Gaminde I, editors. 17th plenary meeting of the EuroQol group discussion papers. Pamplona: Universidad P\u00fablica de Navarra; 2001. p. 23\u201345."},{"key":"1029_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1099-1050(199903)8:2<117::AID-HEC402>3.0.CO;2-A","volume":"8","author":"S Bjork","year":"1999","unstructured":"Bjork S, Norinder A. The weighting exercise for the Swedish version of the EuroQol. Health Econ. 1999;8:117\u201326.","journal-title":"Health Econ"},{"key":"1029_CR22","volume-title":"The health state preferences and logical inconsistencies of new Zealanders: a tale of two tariffs. Discussion paper","author":"NJ Devlin","year":"2000","unstructured":"Devlin NJ, Hansen P, Kind P, Williams AH. The health state preferences and logical inconsistencies of new Zealanders: a tale of two tariffs. Discussion paper. York: University of York Centre for Health Economics; 2000."},{"key":"1029_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1177\/1403494811435493","volume":"40","author":"S Sun","year":"2012","unstructured":"Sun S, Irestig R, Burstrom B, Beijer U, Burstrom K. Health-related quality of life (EQ-5D) among homeless persons compared to a general population sample in Stockholm County, 2006. Scand J Public Health. 2012;40:115\u201325.","journal-title":"Scand J Public Health"},{"key":"1029_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2375","DOI":"10.1007\/s11136-014-0676-x","volume":"23","author":"S Clemens","year":"2014","unstructured":"Clemens S, Begum N, Harper C, Whitty JA, Scuffham PA. A comparison of EQ-5D-3L population norms in Queensland, Australia, estimated using utility value sets from Australia, the UK and USA. Qual Life Res. 2014;23:2375\u201381.","journal-title":"Qual Life Res"},{"key":"1029_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"425","DOI":"10.1007\/s11136-013-0488-4","volume":"23","author":"LN Ferreira","year":"2014","unstructured":"Ferreira LN, Ferreira PL, Pereira LN, Oppe M. EQ-5D Portuguese population norms. Qual Life Res. 2014;23:425\u201330.","journal-title":"Qual Life Res"},{"key":"1029_CR26","volume-title":"SF-36 physical and mental health summary scales: a user's manual","author":"JE Ware Jr","year":"1994","unstructured":"Ware JE Jr, Kosinski M, Keller SD. SF-36 physical and mental health summary scales: a user's manual. Boston, MA: the health institute, New England Medical Center; 1994."},{"key":"1029_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.1016\/S0920-1211(97)00075-2","volume":"29","author":"K Stavem","year":"1998","unstructured":"Stavem K. Quality of life in epilepsy: comparison of four preference measures. Epilepsy Res. 1998;29:201\u20139.","journal-title":"Epilepsy Res"},{"key":"1029_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1026475531996","volume":"8","author":"K Stavem","year":"1999","unstructured":"Stavem K. Reliability, validity and responsiveness of two multiattribute utility measures in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Qual Life Res. 1999;8:45\u201354.","journal-title":"Qual Life Res"},{"key":"1029_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"539","DOI":"10.1007\/s10198-012-0402-y","volume":"14","author":"L Lunde","year":"2013","unstructured":"Lunde L. Can EQ-5D and 15D be used interchangeably in economic evaluations? Assessing quality of life in post-stroke patients. Eur J Health Econ. 2013;14:539\u201350.","journal-title":"Eur J Health Econ"},{"key":"1029_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"280","DOI":"10.2340\/16501977-2051","volume":"48","author":"A Hokstad","year":"2016","unstructured":"Hokstad A, Indredavik B, Bernhardt J, Langhammer B, Gunnes M, Lundemo C, Bovim MR, Askim T. Upright activity within the first week after stroke is associated with better functional outcome and health-related quality of life: a Norwegian multi-site study. J Rehabil Med. 2016;48:280\u20136.","journal-title":"J Rehabil Med"},{"key":"1029_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1186\/1477-7525-8-18","volume":"8","author":"O Solli","year":"2010","unstructured":"Solli O, Stavem K, Kristiansen IS. Health-related quality of life in diabetes: the associations of complications with EQ-5D scores. Health Qual Life Outcomes. 2010;8:18.","journal-title":"Health Qual Life Outcomes"},{"key":"1029_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1226","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/keu460","volume":"54","author":"MK Kvamme","year":"2015","unstructured":"Kvamme MK, Lie E, Uhlig T, Moger TA, Kvien TK, Kristiansen IS. Cost-effectiveness of TNF inhibitors vs synthetic disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs in patients with rheumatoid arthritis: a Markov model study based on two longitudinal observational studies. Rheumatology (Oxford). 2015;54:1226\u201335.","journal-title":"Rheumatology (Oxford)"},{"key":"1029_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1291","DOI":"10.1007\/s11999-013-3308-9","volume":"472","author":"E Langslet","year":"2014","unstructured":"Langslet E, Frihagen F, Opland V, Madsen JE, Nordsletten L, Figved W. Cemented versus uncemented hemiarthroplasty for displaced femoral neck fractures: 5-year followup of a randomized trial. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 2014;472:1291\u20139.","journal-title":"Clin Orthop Relat Res"},{"key":"1029_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"735","DOI":"10.1016\/j.injury.2012.12.010","volume":"44","author":"K Matre","year":"2013","unstructured":"Matre K, Havelin LI, Gjertsen JE, Vinje T, Espehaug B, Fevang JM. Sliding hip screw versus IM nail in reverse oblique trochanteric and subtrochanteric fractures. A study of 2716 patients in the Norwegian hip fracture register. Injury. 2013;44:735\u201342.","journal-title":"Injury"},{"key":"1029_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1251","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.39399.456551.25","volume":"335","author":"F Frihagen","year":"2007","unstructured":"Frihagen F, Nordsletten L, Madsen JE. Hemiarthroplasty or internal fixation for intracapsular displaced femoral neck fractures: randomised controlled trial. Bmj. 2007;335:1251\u20134.","journal-title":"Bmj"},{"key":"1029_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"971","DOI":"10.1007\/s11136-004-3211-7","volume":"14","author":"K Stavem","year":"2005","unstructured":"Stavem K, Froland SS, Hellum KB. Comparison of preference-based utilities of the 15D, EQ-5D and SF-6D in patients with HIV\/AIDS. Qual Life Res. 2005;14:971\u201380.","journal-title":"Qual Life Res"},{"key":"1029_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1427","DOI":"10.1007\/s11136-013-0593-4","volume":"23","author":"LM Sagberg","year":"2014","unstructured":"Sagberg LM, Jakola AS, Solheim O. Quality of life assessed with EQ-5D in patients undergoing glioma surgery: what is the responsiveness and minimal clinically important difference? Qual Life Res. 2014;23:1427\u201334.","journal-title":"Qual Life Res"},{"key":"1029_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"330","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0609.2011.01665.x","volume":"87","author":"AK Kvam","year":"2011","unstructured":"Kvam AK, Fayers PM, Wisloff F. Responsiveness and minimal important score differences in quality-of-life questionnaires: a comparison of the EORTC QLQ-C30 cancer-specific questionnaire to the generic utility questionnaires EQ-5D and 15D in patients with multiple myeloma. Eur J Haematol. 2011;87:330\u20137.","journal-title":"Eur J Haematol"},{"key":"1029_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1095","DOI":"10.1097\/00005650-199711000-00002","volume":"35","author":"P Dolan","year":"1997","unstructured":"Dolan P. Modeling valuations for EuroQol health states. Med Care. 1997;35:1095\u2013108.","journal-title":"Med Care"},{"key":"1029_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.1186\/s12955-015-0362-x","volume":"13","author":"W Muehlhausen","year":"2015","unstructured":"Muehlhausen W, Doll H, Quadri N, Fordham B, O'Donohoe P, Dogar N, Wild DJ. Equivalence of electronic and paper administration of patient-reported outcome measures: a systematic review and meta-analysis of studies conducted between 2007 and 2013. Health Qual Life Outcomes. 2015;13:167.","journal-title":"Health Qual Life Outcomes"},{"key":"1029_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"993","DOI":"10.1007\/s40273-016-0404-1","volume":"34","author":"M Oppe","year":"2016","unstructured":"Oppe M, Rand-Hendriksen K, Shah K, Ramos-Goni JM, Luo N. EuroQol protocols for time trade-off valuation of health outcomes. Pharmacoeconomics. 2016;34:993\u20131004.","journal-title":"Pharmacoeconomics"},{"key":"1029_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"551","DOI":"10.1097\/00005650-199406000-00002","volume":"32","author":"CA McHorney","year":"1994","unstructured":"McHorney CA, Kosinski M, Ware JE Jr. Comparisons of the costs and quality of norms for the SF-36 health survey collected by mail versus telephone interview: results from a national survey. Med Care. 1994;32:551\u201367.","journal-title":"Med Care"},{"key":"1029_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"497","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2011.09.008","volume":"65","author":"GA Maglinte","year":"2012","unstructured":"Maglinte GA, Hays RD, Kaplan RM. US general population norms for telephone administration of the SF-36v2. J Clin Epidemiol. 2012;65:497\u2013502.","journal-title":"J Clin Epidemiol"},{"key":"1029_CR44","volume-title":"User's manual for the SF-36v2 health survey","author":"JE Ware","year":"2007","unstructured":"Ware JE, Kosinski M, Bjorner JB, Turner-Bowker DM, Gandek B, Maruish ME. User's manual for the SF-36v2 health survey. 2nd ed. Lincoln, RI: QualityMetric Inc.; 2007.","edition":"2"},{"key":"1029_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"643","DOI":"10.1016\/j.annepidem.2007.03.013","volume":"17","author":"S Galea","year":"2007","unstructured":"Galea S, Tracy M. Participation rates in epidemiologic studies. Ann Epidemiol. 2007;17:643\u201353.","journal-title":"Ann Epidemiol"},{"key":"1029_CR46","first-page":"15","volume":"e173","author":"L Hohwu","year":"2013","unstructured":"Hohwu L, Lyshol H, Gissler M, Jonsson SH, Petzold M, Obel C. Web-based versus traditional paper questionnaires: a mixed-mode survey with a Nordic perspective. J Med Internet Res. 2013;e173:15.","journal-title":"J Med Internet Res"},{"key":"1029_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"685","DOI":"10.3758\/s13428-015-0617-9","volume":"47","author":"RD Hays","year":"2015","unstructured":"Hays RD, Liu H, Kapteyn A. Use of internet panels to conduct surveys. Behav Res Methods. 2015;47:685\u201390.","journal-title":"Behav Res Methods"},{"key":"1029_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"94","DOI":"10.1093\/poq\/nfh006","volume":"68","author":"MD Kaplowitz","year":"2004","unstructured":"Kaplowitz MD, Hadlock TD, Levine R. A comparison of web and mail survey response rates. Public Opin Q. 2004;68:94\u2013101.","journal-title":"Public Opin Q"},{"key":"1029_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dillman DA, Smyth JD, Christian LM. Internet, phone, mail, and mixed-mode surveys: the tailored design method. 4th edn. Hoboken: Wiley; 2014.","DOI":"10.1002\/9781394260645"},{"key":"1029_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100","DOI":"10.1080\/16506070310000957","volume":"32","author":"T Buchanan","year":"2003","unstructured":"Buchanan T. Internet-based questionnaire assessment: appropriate use in clinical contexts. Cogn Behav Ther. 2003;32:100\u20139.","journal-title":"Cogn Behav Ther"},{"key":"1029_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"959","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-6494.2005.00335.x","volume":"73","author":"B Marcus","year":"2005","unstructured":"Marcus B, Schutz A. Who are the people reluctant to participate in research? Personality correlates of four different types of nonresponse as inferred from self- and observer ratings. J Pers. 2005;73:959\u201384.","journal-title":"J Pers"},{"key":"1029_CR52","unstructured":"Table: 08921: Persons 16 years and older, by sex, age and level of education. Numbers and per cent. https:\/\/www.ssb.no\/statistikkbanken\/SelectVarVal\/Define.asp?MainTable=Utdanningsniv04&KortNavnWeb=utniv&PLanguage=1&checked=true . Accessed 13 Sept 2018."},{"key":"1029_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1169","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2009.11.021","volume":"63","author":"H Liu","year":"2010","unstructured":"Liu H, Cella D, Gershon R, Shen J, Morales LS, Riley W, Hays RD. Representativeness of the patient-reported outcomes measurement information system internet panel. J Clin Epidemiol. 2010;63:1169\u201378.","journal-title":"J Clin Epidemiol"},{"key":"1029_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1511","DOI":"10.1007\/s11606-015-3290-x","volume":"30","author":"RD Hays","year":"2015","unstructured":"Hays RD, Spritzer KL, Thompson WW, Cella D. U.S. general population estimate for \"excellent\" to \"poor\" self-rated health item. J Gen Intern Med. 2015;30:1511\u20136.","journal-title":"J Gen Intern Med"},{"key":"1029_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3209","DOI":"10.1007\/s11136-016-1337-z","volume":"25","author":"A Maxwell","year":"2016","unstructured":"Maxwell A, Ozmen M, Iezzi A, Richardson J. Deriving population norms for the AQoL-6D and AQoL-8D multi-attribute utility instruments from web-based data. Qual Life Res. 2016;25:3209\u201319.","journal-title":"Qual Life Res"},{"key":"1029_CR56","unstructured":"ICT usage in households and by individuals. http:\/\/appsso.eurostat.ec.europa.eu\/nui\/show.do?dataset=isoc_bde15b_h&lang=en . Accessed 13 Sept 2018."},{"key":"1029_CR57","unstructured":"Retningslinjer for dokumentasjonsgrunnlag for hurtig metodevurdering av legemidler. H\u00f8ringsutgave 21.06.2017. Oslo; 2017. https:\/\/legemiddelverket.no\/Documents\/Andre%20temaer\/H%C3%B8ringer\/Retningslinjer%20metodevurderinger\/H%C3%B8ringsutgave%20retningslinjer%20metodevurdering.pdf . Accessed 13 Sept 2018."}],"container-title":["Health and Quality of Life Outcomes"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12955-018-1029-1.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s12955-018-1029-1\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12955-018-1029-1.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,3]],"date-time":"2026-04-03T20:48:33Z","timestamp":1775249313000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/hqlo.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s12955-018-1029-1"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,19]]},"references-count":57,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,12]]}},"alternative-id":["1029"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12955-018-1029-1","relation":{},"ISSN":["1477-7525"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1477-7525","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,19]]},"assertion":[{"value":"15 December 2017","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"2 October 2018","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"19 October 2018","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"Research ethics approval for this study was waived. The study was approved by the local privacy ombudsman for research at Akershus University Hospital.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"KS, LAA, KR are members of the EuroQol group, and KR is member of the EuroQol executive committee. The authors declare that they have no other competing interests.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}},{"value":"Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Publisher\u2019s Note"}}],"article-number":"204"}}