{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,14]],"date-time":"2026-11-14T21:45:36Z","timestamp":1794692736049,"version":"4.9.1"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,10]],"date-time":"2020-02-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1581292800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,10]],"date-time":"2020-02-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1581292800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100013515","name":"Hong Kong Cancer Fund","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100013515","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"Madam Diana Hon Fun Kong Donation for Cancer Research"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Health Qual Life Outcomes"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introductions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>For young premenopausal breast cancer patients, adjuvant chemotherapy may cause menstrual disruptions and premature menopause, which may in turn impair their quality of life (QoL). In this study among young breast cancer survivors who have undergone adjuvant chemotherapy, the objectives were to assess post-treatment menopausal symptoms and their associated factors, and to correlate these symptoms with breast cancer-specific QoL.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The study population included premenopausal young Chinese women with early-stage breast cancer who had undergone adjuvant chemotherapy between 3 and 10\u2009years prior to enrolling into this study. At study entry, patients\u2019 characteristics and clinical features were collected; each patient had detail menstrual history collected and each filled in MENQOL and FACT-B\u2009+\u20094 questionnaires.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Two hundred eighty eligible patients were recruited. For adjuvant chemotherapy, 92% received anthracyclines and 28% received taxanes; 76% received adjuvant tamoxifen. At a median of 5.0\u2009years from initial cancer diagnosis, 49 and 11% had become post- and peri-menopausal respectively. MENQOL at study entry revealed that physical domain score was worse in overweight\/obese patients (mean scores for underweight\/normal vs overweight\/obese: 2.65 vs 2.97,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.0162). Vasomotor domain score was worse in those who received taxanes or tamoxifen (taxane vs non-taxane: 2.91 vs. 2.35,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.0140; tamoxifen vs no tamoxifen: 2.75 vs. 2.34,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.0479). Sexual domain score was worse among those who had become peri\/post-menopausal (peri\/postmenopausal vs premenopausal: 2.82 vs. 2.29,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.0229). On the other hand, patients who utilized traditional Chinese medicine had significantly worse scores for vasomotor, psychosocial and physical domains. Further, there was a significant association between MENQOL scores and FACT-B\u2009+\u20094 scores; less severe symptoms in the MENQOL domains were associated with better QoL scores in FACT-B\u2009+\u20094 physical, functional, psychosocial and emotional well-being, Breast Cancer Subscale, Arm Subscale and FACT-B total score.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Among premenopausal breast cancer women who had undergone adjuvant chemotherapy, those who had received taxanes or tamoxifen, were overweight\/obese and utilized traditional Chinese medicine had more severe menopausal symptoms. Patients who experienced worse menopausal symptoms were found to have worse breast cancer-specific QoL. Interventional studies with an aim to alleviate menopausal symptoms are warranted to assess if overall QoL of these patients could be improved.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Trial registration<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Not applicable.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12955-020-1283-x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,10]],"date-time":"2020-02-10T13:03:10Z","timestamp":1581339790000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":33,"title":["Menopausal symptoms in relationship to breast cancer-specific quality of life after adjuvant cytotoxic treatment in young breast cancer survivors"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"18","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0863-8469","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Winnie","family":"Yeo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elizabeth","family":"Pang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giok S.","family":"Liem","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joyce J. S.","family":"Suen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rita Y. W.","family":"Ng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christopher C. H.","family":"Yip","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Leung","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Claudia H. W.","family":"Yip","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Frankie K. F.","family":"Mo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"1283_CR1","unstructured":"Hong Kong Cancer Registry, Hospital Authority. 2017. http:\/\/www3.ha.org.hk\/cancereg\/. Accessed 29 Dec 2017."},{"issue":"5","key":"1283_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1097","DOI":"10.5306\/wjco.v5.i5.1097","volume":"5","author":"W Yeo","year":"2014","unstructured":"Yeo W, Lee HM, Chan A, Chan EYY, Chan MCM, Chan KW, et al. Risk factors and natural history of breast cancer in younger Chinese women. World J Clin Oncol. 2014;5(5):1097\u2013106.","journal-title":"World J Clin Oncol"},{"key":"1283_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"90","DOI":"10.1016\/j.critrevonc.2017.03.009","volume":"113","author":"G Codacci-Pisanelli","year":"2017","unstructured":"Codacci-Pisanelli G, Del Pup L, Del Grande M, Peccatori FA. Mechanisms of chemotherapy-induced ovarian damage in breast cancer patients. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol. 2017;113:90\u20136.","journal-title":"Crit Rev Oncol Hematol"},{"key":"1283_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-16366-6_9","volume":"862","author":"DL Barton","year":"2015","unstructured":"Barton DL, Ganz PA. Symptoms: menopause, infertility, and sexual health. Adv Exp Med Biol. 2015;862:115\u201341.","journal-title":"Adv Exp Med Biol"},{"issue":"15","key":"1283_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2264","DOI":"10.1002\/cncr.28738","volume":"120","author":"SM Rosenberg","year":"2014","unstructured":"Rosenberg SM, Tamimi RM, Gelber S, Ruddy KJ, Bober SL, Kereakoglow S, et al. Treatment-related amenorrhea and sexual functioning in young breast cancer survivors. Cancer. 2014;120(15):2264\u201371.","journal-title":"Cancer."},{"issue":"1","key":"1283_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clbc.2017.09.008","volume":"18","author":"A Oberguggenberger","year":"2018","unstructured":"Oberguggenberger A, Meraner V, Sztankay M, Hilbert A, Hubalek M, Holzner B, Gamper E, Kemmler G, Baumgartner T, Lackinger I, Sperner-Unterweger B, Mangweth-Matzek B. Health behavior and quality of life outcome in breast Cancer survivors: prevalence rates and predictors. Clin Breast Cancer. 2018;18(1):38\u201344.","journal-title":"Clin Breast Cancer"},{"issue":"8","key":"1283_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2605","DOI":"10.1007\/s00520-018-4098-0","volume":"26","author":"NE Avis","year":"2018","unstructured":"Avis NE, Johnson A, Canzona MR, Levine BJ. Sexual functioning among early post-treatment breast cancer survivors. Support Care Cancer. 2018;26(8):2605\u201313.","journal-title":"Support Care Cancer"},{"key":"1283_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6002","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2005.07.096","volume":"23","author":"WR Parulekar","year":"2005","unstructured":"Parulekar WR, Day AG, Ottaway JA, Sheperd LE, Trudeau ME, Bramwell V, et al. Incidence and prognostic impact of amenorrhea during adjuvant therapy in high- risk premenopausal breast Cancer: analysis of a National Cancer Institute of Canada clinical trials group study-NCIC CTG MA. J Clin Oncol. 2005;23:6002\u20138.","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"issue":"9","key":"1283_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1110","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2010.29.7689","volume":"29","author":"PA Ganz","year":"2011","unstructured":"Ganz PA, Land SR, Geyer CE Jr, Cecchini RS, Costantino JP, Pajon ER, et al. Menstrual history and quality-of-life outcomes in women with node-positive breast cancer treated with adjuvant therapy on the NSABP B-30 trial. J Clin Oncol. 2011;29(9):1110\u20136.","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"key":"1283_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2302","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa043681","volume":"352","author":"M Martin","year":"2005","unstructured":"Martin M, Pienkowski T, Mackey J, Pawlicki M, Guastalla JP, Weaver C, et al. Adjuvant docetaxel for node-positive breast cancer. N Engl J Med. 2005;352:2302\u201313.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"1283_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"126","DOI":"10.1097\/01.coc.0000251398.57630.4f","volume":"30","author":"YL Tham","year":"2007","unstructured":"Tham YL, Sexton K, Weiss H, Elledge R, Friedman LC, Kramer R. The rates of chemotherapy-induced amenorrhea in patients treated with adjuvant doxorubicin and cyclophosphamide followed by a taxane. Am J Clin Oncol. 2007;30:126\u201332.","journal-title":"Am J Clin Oncol"},{"key":"1283_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"335","DOI":"10.1007\/s10549-008-0071-9","volume":"115","author":"HS Han","year":"2009","unstructured":"Han HS, Ro J, Lee KS, Nam BH, Seo JA, Lee DH, et al. Analysis of chemotherapy- induced amenorrhea rates by three different anthracycline and taxane containing regimens for early breast cancer. Breast Cancer Res Treat. 2009;115:335\u201342.","journal-title":"Breast Cancer Res Treat"},{"issue":"1","key":"1283_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1186\/s12905-017-0409-8","volume":"17","author":"W Yeo","year":"2017","unstructured":"Yeo W, Mo FKF, Pang E, Suen JJS, Koh J, Loong HHF, et al. Profiles of lipids, blood pressure and weight changes among premenopausal Chinese breast cancer patients after adjuvant chemotherapy. BMC Womens Health. 2017;17(1):55.","journal-title":"BMC Womens Health"},{"key":"1283_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"386","DOI":"10.1093\/jnci\/djr541","volume":"104","author":"J Howard-Anderson","year":"2012","unstructured":"Howard-Anderson J, Ganz PA, Bower JE, Stanton AL. Quality of life, fertility concerns, and behavioral health outcomes in younger breast cancer survivors: a systematic review. J Natl Cancer Inst. 2012;104:386\u2013405.","journal-title":"J Natl Cancer Inst"},{"issue":"2","key":"1283_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e21","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clbc.2013.10.003","volume":"14","author":"PK Morrow","year":"2014","unstructured":"Morrow PK, Broxson AC, Munsell MF, Basen-Enquist K, Rosenblum CK, Schover LR, Nguyen LH, Hsu L, Castillo L, Hahn KM, Litton JK, Kwiatkowski DN, Hortobagyi GN. Effect of age and race on quality of life in young breast cancer survivors. Clin Breast Cancer. 2014;14(2):e21\u201331.","journal-title":"Clin Breast Cancer."},{"issue":"9011","key":"1283_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1279","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(96)90936-8","volume":"347","author":"C H\u00fcrny","year":"1996","unstructured":"H\u00fcrny C, Bernhard J, Coates AS, Castiglione-Gertsch M, Peterson HF, Gelber RD, et al. Impact of adjuvant therapy on quality of life in women with node-positive operable breast cancer. Lancet. 1996;347(9011):1279\u201384.","journal-title":"Lancet."},{"issue":"5","key":"1283_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"577","DOI":"10.1054\/bjoc.2000.1337","volume":"83","author":"F Joly","year":"2000","unstructured":"Joly F, Espi\u00e9 M, Marty M, H\u00e9ron JF, Henry-Amar M. Long-term quality of life in premenopausal women with node-negative localized breast cancer treated with or without adjuvant chemotherapy. Br J Cancer. 2000;83(5):577\u201382.","journal-title":"Br J Cancer"},{"key":"1283_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"383","DOI":"10.2147\/CMAR.S149983","volume":"10","author":"W Yeo","year":"2018","unstructured":"Yeo W, Mo FK, Pang E, Suen JJ, Koh J, Yip CH, Yip CC, Li L, Loong HH, Liem GS. Quality of life of young Chinese breast cancer patients after adjuvant chemotherapy. Cancer Manag Res. 2018;10:383\u20139.","journal-title":"Cancer Manag Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"1283_CR19","first-page":"47","volume":"26","author":"H Yang","year":"2005","unstructured":"Yang H, Cheng F, Wang X, Wen Z, Zhang C. On clinical application and assessment of menopause-specific quality of life (Chinese version). Chin J Epidemiol. 2005;26(1):47\u201351.","journal-title":"Chin J Epidemiol"},{"issue":"3","key":"1283_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1016\/S0378-5122(96)82006-8","volume":"24","author":"JR Hilditch","year":"1996","unstructured":"Hilditch JR, Lewis J, Peter A, van Maris B, Ross A, Franssen E, et al. A menopause-specific quality of life questionnaire: development and psychometric properties. Maturitas. 1996;24(3):161\u201375.","journal-title":"Maturitas."},{"issue":"3","key":"1283_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"413","DOI":"10.1007\/s10549-007-9511-1","volume":"106","author":"C Wan","year":"2007","unstructured":"Wan C, Zhang D, Yang Z, Tu X, Tang W, Feng C, Wang H, Tang X. Validation of the simplified Chinese version of the FACT-B for measuring quality of life for patients with breast cancer. Breast Cancer Res Treat. 2007;106(3):413\u20138.","journal-title":"Breast Cancer Res Treat"},{"key":"1283_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"974","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.1997.15.3.974","volume":"15","author":"M Brady","year":"1997","unstructured":"Brady M, Cella DF, Mo F, Bonomi AE, Tulsky DS, Lloyd SR, et al. Reliability and validity of the functional assessment of cancer therapy \u2013 breast quality-of-life instrument. J Clin Oncol. 1997;15:974\u201386.","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"key":"1283_CR23","unstructured":"FACT-G: Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy \u2013 General. http:\/\/www.facit.org\/FACITOrg\/Questionnaires. (accessed on 26 Dec 2016)."},{"issue":"2","key":"1283_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"409","DOI":"10.1007\/s00520-016-3417-6","volume":"25","author":"J Hamer","year":"2017","unstructured":"Hamer J, McDonald R, Zhang L, Verma S, Leahey A, Ecclestone C, et al. Quality of life (QOL) and symptom burden (SB) in patients with breast cancer. Support Care Cancer. 2017;25(2):409\u201319.","journal-title":"Support Care Cancer"},{"issue":"9","key":"1283_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1000","DOI":"10.1097\/GME.0000000000000664","volume":"23","author":"JL Marino","year":"2016","unstructured":"Marino JL, Saunders CM, Emery LI, Green H, Doherty DA, Hickey M. How does adjuvant chemotherapy affect menopausal symptoms, sexual function, and quality of life after breast cancer? Menopause. 2016;23(9):1000\u20138.","journal-title":"Menopause."},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"1283_CR26","first-page":"S55","volume":"5","author":"SM Rosenberg","year":"2013","unstructured":"Rosenberg SM, Partridge AH. Premature menopause in young breast cancer: effects on quality of life and treatment interventions. J Thorac Dis. 2013;5(Suppl 1):S55\u201361.","journal-title":"J Thorac Dis"},{"issue":"10","key":"1283_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1075","DOI":"10.1097\/GME.0000000000000219","volume":"21","author":"SR Davis","year":"2014","unstructured":"Davis SR, Panjari M, Robinson PJ, Fradkin P, Bell RJ. Menopausal symptoms in breast cancer survivors nearly 6 years after diagnosis. Menopause. 2014;21(10):1075\u201381.","journal-title":"Menopause."},{"issue":"3","key":"1283_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"565","DOI":"10.1007\/s00280-013-2227-5","volume":"72","author":"C Yoo","year":"2013","unstructured":"Yoo C, Yun MR, Ahn JH, Jung KH, Kim HJ, Kim JE, et al. Chemotherapy-induced amenorrhea, menopause-specific quality of life, and endocrine profiles in premenopausal women with breast cancer who received adjuvant anthracycline-based chemotherapy: a prospective cohort study. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol. 2013;72(3):565\u201375.","journal-title":"Cancer Chemother Pharmacol"},{"issue":"9","key":"1283_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1097","DOI":"10.1002\/pon.3772","volume":"24","author":"M Lee","year":"2015","unstructured":"Lee M, Kim YH, Jeon MJ. Risk factors for negative impacts on sexual activity and function in younger breast cancer survivors. Psychooncology. 2015;24(9):1097\u2013103.","journal-title":"Psychooncology."},{"issue":"5","key":"1283_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1461","DOI":"10.1007\/s00520-013-1732-8","volume":"21","author":"S L'Esp\u00e9rance","year":"2013","unstructured":"L'Esp\u00e9rance S, Frenette S, Dionne A. Dionne JY; Comit\u00e9 de l\u2019\u00e9volution des pratiques en oncologie (CEPO). Pharmacological and non-hormonal treatment of hot flashes in breast cancer survivors: CEPO review and recommendations. Support Care Cancer. 2013;21(5):1461\u201374.","journal-title":"Support Care Cancer"},{"issue":"2","key":"1283_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.3109\/13697137.2011.624214","volume":"15","author":"P Villaseca","year":"2012","unstructured":"Villaseca P. Non-estrogen conventional and phytochemical treatments for vasomotor symptoms: what needs to be known for practice. Climacteric. 2012;15(2):115\u201324.","journal-title":"Climacteric."},{"issue":"3","key":"1283_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"410","DOI":"10.1111\/pme.12331","volume":"15","author":"AH Othman","year":"2014","unstructured":"Othman AH, Zaky AH. Management of hot flushes in breast cancer survivors: comparison between stellate ganglion block and pregabalin. Pain Med. 2014;15(3):410\u20137.","journal-title":"Pain Med"},{"key":"1283_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"82","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ctrv.2016.11.012","volume":"52","author":"RA Leon-Ferre","year":"2017","unstructured":"Leon-Ferre RA, Majithia N, Loprinzi CL. Management of hot flashes in women with breast cancer receiving ovarian function suppression. Cancer Treat Rev. 2017;52:82\u201390.","journal-title":"Cancer Treat Rev"},{"issue":"10","key":"1283_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0140842","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0140842","volume":"10","author":"GS Liem","year":"2015","unstructured":"Liem GS, Mo FK, Pang E, Suen JJ, Tang NL, Lee KM, et al. Chemotherapy-related amenorrhea and menopause in young Chinese breast cancer patients: analysis on incidence, risk factors and serum hormone profiles. PLoS One. 2015;10(10):e0140842.","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"1283_CR35","unstructured":"World Health Organisation, International Association for the Study of Obesity, International Obesity Task Force. The Asia-Pacific Perspective: Redefining obesity and its treatment. Sydney: Health Communications. 2000."}],"container-title":["Health and Quality of Life Outcomes"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12955-020-1283-x.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s12955-020-1283-x\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12955-020-1283-x.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,8]],"date-time":"2021-02-08T20:38:32Z","timestamp":1612816712000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/hqlo.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s12955-020-1283-x"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,10]]},"references-count":35,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,12]]}},"alternative-id":["1283"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12955-020-1283-x","relation":{},"ISSN":["1477-7525"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1477-7525","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,10]]},"assertion":[{"value":"22 February 2018","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"5 February 2020","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"10 February 2020","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"The study was approved by the Joint CUHK-NTEC Clinical Research Ethics Committee of the Hong Kong Hospital Authority and the Chinese University of Hong Kong.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors of this manuscript have no competing interest to disclose.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"24"}}