{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,22]],"date-time":"2026-09-22T19:38:28Z","timestamp":1790105908354,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,31]],"date-time":"2021-05-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1622419200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,31]],"date-time":"2021-05-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1622419200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"name":"Shanghai Key TCM specialty training program"},{"name":"NSFC funded program","award":["81904070"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["81904070"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Health Qual Life Outcomes"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>The National Institutes of Health Chronic Prostatitis Symptom Index (NIH-CPSI) was developed to accurately assess the pain, urinary symptoms, and quality of life related to chronic prostatitis\/chronic pelvic pain syndrome (CP\/CPPS). This study aimed to evaluate the cross-cultural adaptations of the NIH-CPSI.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Method<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>PubMed, Embase, CINAHL, and SciELO databases were searched from their established year to September 2020. Cross-cultural adaptations and the quality control of measurement properties of adaptations were conducted by two reviewers independently according to the <jats:italic>Guidelines for the Process of Cross-Cultural Adaptation of Self-Report Measures<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>the Quality Criteria for Psychometric Properties of Health Status Questionnaire.<\/jats:italic><\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Area total of 21 papers with 16 adaptations, and six studies of the original version of the NIH-CPSI were enrolled in the systematic review. Back translation was the weakest process for the quality assessment of the cross-cultural adaptations of the NIH-CPSI. Internal consistency was analyzed for most of the adaptations, but none of them met the standard. Only 11 adaptations reported test reliability, then only the Arabic-Egyptian, Chinese-Mainland, Danish, Italian, Persian, and Turkish adaptations met the criterion. Most adaptations reported the interpretability, but only the Danish adaptation reported the agreement. The other measurement properties, including responsiveness, and floor as well as ceiling effects were not reported in any of the adaptations.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>The overall quality of the NIH-CPSI cross-cultural adaptations was not organized as expected. Only the Portuguese-Brazilian, Italian, and Spanish adaptations reached over half the process for the cross-cultural adaptation. Only the Turkish adaptations finished half of the measurement properties of cross-cultural adaptations.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12955-021-01796-8","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,4]],"date-time":"2021-06-04T09:29:16Z","timestamp":1622798956000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["A systematic review of cross-cultural adaptation of the National Institutes of Health Chronic Prostatitis Symptom Index"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"19","author":[{"given":"Rong-liang","family":"Dun","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jennifer","family":"Tsai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiao-hua","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jian-min","family":"Mao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wen-jing","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guang-chong","family":"Qi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1193-3127","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yu","family":"Peng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,31]]},"reference":[{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"1796_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S85","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijantimicag.2007.08.028","volume":"31","author":"JN Krieger","year":"2008","unstructured":"Krieger JN, Lee SW, Jeon J, Cheah PY, Liong ML, Riley DE. Epidemiology of prostatitis. Int J Antimicrob Agents. 2008;31(Suppl 1):S85-90.","journal-title":"Int J Antimicrob Agents"},{"issue":"4","key":"1796_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"509","DOI":"10.1111\/bju.13101","volume":"116","author":"J Rees","year":"2015","unstructured":"Rees J, Abrahams M, Doble A, Cooper A. Diagnosis and treatment of chronic bacterial prostatitis and chronic prostatitis\/chronic pelvic pain syndrome: a consensus guideline. BJU Int. 2015;116(4):509\u201325.","journal-title":"BJU Int"},{"issue":"2","key":"1796_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"132","DOI":"10.1038\/pcan.2016.8","volume":"19","author":"AS Polackwich","year":"2016","unstructured":"Polackwich AS, Shoskes DA. Chronic prostatitis\/chronic pelvic pain syndrome: a review of evaluation and therapy. Prostate Cancer Prostatic Dis. 2016;19(2):132\u20138.","journal-title":"Prostate Cancer Prostatic Dis"},{"issue":"4","key":"1796_CR4","first-page":"571","volume":"69","author":"P Bajpayee","year":"2012","unstructured":"Bajpayee P, Kumar K, Sharma S, Maurya N, Kumar P, Singh R, Lal C. Prostatitis: prevalence, health impact and quality improvement strategies. Acta Pol Pharm. 2012;69(4):571\u20139.","journal-title":"Acta Pol Pharm"},{"issue":"2","key":"1796_CR5","first-page":"185","volume":"17","author":"SM Rayegani","year":"2019","unstructured":"Rayegani SM, Razzaghi MR, Raeissadat SA, Allameh F, Eliaspour D, Abedi AR, Javadi A, Rahavian AH. Extracorporeal shockwave therapy combined with drug therapy in chronic pelvic pain syndrome - a randomized clinical trial. Urol J. 2019;17(2):185\u201391.","journal-title":"Urol J"},{"key":"1796_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"369","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5347(05)68562-X","volume":"162","author":"MS Litwin","year":"1999","unstructured":"Litwin MS, McNaughton-Collins M, Fowler FJ Jr, Nickel JC, Calhoun EA, Pontari MA, Alexander RB, Farrar JT, O\u2019Leary MP. The National Institutes of Health chronic prostatitis symptom index: development and validation of a new outcome measure. Chronic Prostatitis Collaborative Research Network. J Urol. 1999;162:369\u201375.","journal-title":"J Urol"},{"key":"1796_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1016\/S0090-4295(02)02296-3","volume":"60","author":"MS Litwin","year":"2002","unstructured":"Litwin MS. A review of the development and validation of the National Institutes of Health Chronic Prostatitis Symptom Index. Urology. 2002;60:14\u20138 (discussion 8-9).","journal-title":"Urology"},{"issue":"2","key":"1796_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"503","DOI":"10.3892\/etm.2013.1174","volume":"6","author":"V Magri","year":"2013","unstructured":"Magri V, Wagenlehner FM, Marras E, Van Till JW, Houbiers J, Panagopoulos P, Petrikkos GL, Perletti G. Influence of infection on the distribution patterns of NIH-Chronic Prostatitis Symptom Index scores in patients with chronic prostatitis\/chronic pelvic pain syndrome (CP\/CPPS). Exp Ther Med. 2013;6(2):503\u20138.","journal-title":"Exp Ther Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"1796_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"299","DOI":"10.1007\/s11136-005-1317-1","volume":"15","author":"KJ Propert","year":"2006","unstructured":"Propert KJ, Litwin MS, Wang Y, Alexander RB, Calhoun E, Nickel JC, O\u2019Leary MP, Pontari M, McNaughton-Collins M, Chronic Prostatitis Collaborative Research Network (CPCRN). Responsiveness of the National Institutes of Health Chronic Prostatitis Symptom Index (NIH-CPSI). Qual Life Res. 2006;15(2):299\u2013305.","journal-title":"Qual Life Res"},{"issue":"2","key":"1796_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"580","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5347(05)63957-2","volume":"169","author":"JA Turner","year":"2003","unstructured":"Turner JA, Ciol MA, Von Korff M, Berger R. Validity and responsiveness of the national institutes of health chronic prostatitis symptom index. J Urol. 2003;169(2):580\u20133.","journal-title":"J Urol"},{"issue":"1","key":"1796_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"279","DOI":"10.1097\/01.ju.0000100088.70887.29","volume":"171","author":"RO Roberts","year":"2004","unstructured":"Roberts RO, Jacobson DJ, Girman CJ, Rhodes T, Lieber MM, Jacobsen SJ. Low agreement between previous physician diagnosed prostatitis and national institutes of health chronic prostatitis symptom index pain measures. J Urol. 2004;171(1):279\u201383.","journal-title":"J Urol"},{"issue":"3","key":"1796_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"373","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1464-410X.2009.08708.x","volume":"105","author":"JA Ferris","year":"2010","unstructured":"Ferris JA, Pitts MK, Richters J, Simpson JM, Shelley JM, Smith AM. National prevalence of urogenital pain and prostatitis-like symptoms in Australian men using the National Institutes of Health Chronic Prostatitis Symptoms Index. BJU Int. 2010;105(3):373\u20139.","journal-title":"BJU Int"},{"issue":"1","key":"1796_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1007\/s00345-005-0037-z","volume":"24","author":"PY Cheah","year":"2006","unstructured":"Cheah PY, Liong ML, Yuen KH, Lee S, Yang JR, Teh CL, Khor T, Yap HW, Krieger JN. Reliability and validity of the National Institutes of Health: Chronic Prostatitis Symptom Index in a Malaysian population. World J Urol. 2006;24(1):79\u201387.","journal-title":"World J Urol"},{"issue":"5","key":"1796_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1800","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5347(05)65678-9","volume":"166","author":"MM Collins","year":"2001","unstructured":"Collins MM, O\u2019Leary MP, Calhoun EA, Pontari MA, Adler A, Eremenco S, Chang CH, Odom L, Litwin MS. The Spanish National Institutes of Health-Chronic Prostatitis Symptom Index: translation and linguistic validation. J Urol. 2001;166(5):1800\u20133.","journal-title":"J Urol"},{"issue":"6","key":"1796_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1057","DOI":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2019.01.007","volume":"19","author":"M Yao","year":"2019","unstructured":"Yao M, Xu BP, Tian ZR, Ye J, Zhang Y, Wang YJ, Cui XJ. Cross-cultural adaptation of the Neck Pain and Disability Scale: a methodological systematic review. Spine J. 2019;19(6):1057\u201366.","journal-title":"Spine J"},{"issue":"1","key":"1796_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1027\/1015-5759.13.1.21","volume":"13","author":"VFJR Van","year":"1997","unstructured":"Van VFJR, Poortinga YH. Towards an integrated analysis of bias in cross-cultural assessment. Eur J Psych Asses. 1997;13(1):21\u20139.","journal-title":"Eur J Psych Asses"},{"issue":"24","key":"1796_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3186","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-200012150-00014","volume":"25","author":"DE Beaton","year":"2000","unstructured":"Beaton DE, Bombardier C, Guillemin F, Ferraz MB. Guidelines for the process of cross-cultural adaptation of self-report measures. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 2000;25(24):3186\u201391.","journal-title":"Spine (Phila Pa 1976)"},{"issue":"1","key":"1796_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2006.03.012","volume":"60","author":"CB Terwee","year":"2007","unstructured":"Terwee CB, Bot SD, de Boer MR, van der Windt DA, Knol DL, Dekker J, Bouter LM, de Vet HC. Quality criteria were proposed for measurement properties of health status questionnaires. J Clin Epidemiol. 2007;60(1):34\u201342.","journal-title":"J Clin Epidemiol"},{"issue":"5","key":"1796_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"953","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eururo.2012.10.042","volume":"63","author":"FM Wagenlehner","year":"2013","unstructured":"Wagenlehner FM, van Till JW, Magri V, Perletti G, Houbiers JG, Weidner W, Nickel JC. National Institutes of Health Chronic Prostatitis Symptom Index (NIH-CPSI) symptom evaluation in multinational cohorts of patients with chronic prostatitis\/chronic pelvic pain syndrome. Eur Urol. 2013;63(5):953\u20139.","journal-title":"Eur Urol"},{"issue":"3","key":"1796_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"116","DOI":"10.1007\/s00345-003-0338-z","volume":"21","author":"H Schneider","year":"2003","unstructured":"Schneider H, Ludwig M, Weidner W, Brahler E. Experience with different questionnaires in the management of patients with CP\/CPPS: GPSS, IPSS and NIH-CPSI. World J Urol. 2003;21(3):116\u20138 (discussion 115).","journal-title":"World J Urol"},{"issue":"3","key":"1796_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"285","DOI":"10.1038\/pcan.2009.22","volume":"12","author":"JQ Clemens","year":"2009","unstructured":"Clemens JQ, Calhoun EA, Litwin MS, McNaughton-Collins M, Dunn RL, Crowley EM, Landis JR. Rescoring the NIH chronic prostatitis symptom index: nothing new. Prostate Cancer Prostatic Dis. 2009;12(3):285\u20137.","journal-title":"Prostate Cancer Prostatic Dis"},{"issue":"3","key":"1796_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.1159\/000094814","volume":"77","author":"A El-Nashaar","year":"2006","unstructured":"El-Nashaar A, Fathy A, Zeedan A, Al-Ahwany A, Shamloul R. Validity and reliability of the Arabic version of the National Institutes of Health Chronic Prostatitis Symptom Index. Urol Int. 2006;77(3):227\u201331.","journal-title":"Urol Int"},{"key":"1796_CR23","first-page":"5","volume":"31","author":"YFXH Li","year":"2010","unstructured":"Li YFXH, Yang Y, Cai Y, Yang YR. Evaluation of a modified Chinese version of the National Institutes of Health-Chronic Prostatitis Symptom Index. Chin J Uro. 2010;31:5.","journal-title":"Chin J Uro"},{"issue":"1","key":"1796_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"62","DOI":"10.1080\/21681805.2019.1591501","volume":"53","author":"D Kildegaard","year":"2019","unstructured":"Kildegaard D, Graugaard-Jensen C, Andersen K. Danish version of the National Institutes of Health-Chronic Prostatitis Symptom Index (NIH-CPSI) questionnaire: a linguistic translation, cross-cultural adaptation and test-re-test reliability study. Scand J Urol. 2019;53(1):62\u20138.","journal-title":"Scand J Urol"},{"issue":"3","key":"1796_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"106","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1439-0272.2006.00723.x","volume":"38","author":"P Korrovits","year":"2006","unstructured":"Korrovits P, Punab M, Mehik A, Mandar R. The Estonian version of the National Institutes of Health chronic prostatitis symptom index. Andrologia. 2006;38(3):106\u20139.","journal-title":"Andrologia"},{"issue":"3","key":"1796_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"251","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1464-410X.2003.04313.x","volume":"92","author":"MJ Leskinen","year":"2003","unstructured":"Leskinen MJ, Mehik A, Sarpola A, Tammela TL, Jarvelin MR. The Finnish version of The National Institutes of Health Chronic Prostatitis Symptom Index correlates well with the visual pain scale: translation and results of a modified linguistic validation study. BJU Int. 2003;92(3):251\u20136.","journal-title":"BJU Int"},{"issue":"5","key":"1796_CR27","first-page":"2816","volume":"12","author":"PI Karakiewicz","year":"2005","unstructured":"Karakiewicz PI, Perrotte P, Valiquette L, Benard F, McCormack M, Menard C, McNaughton Collins M, Nickel JC. French-Canadian linguistic validation of the NIH Chronic Prostatitis Symptom Index. Can J Urol. 2005;12(5):2816\u201323.","journal-title":"Can J Urol"},{"issue":"1","key":"1796_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1007\/s001200050427","volume":"40","author":"W Hochreiter","year":"2001","unstructured":"Hochreiter W, Ludwig M, Weidner W, Wagenlehner F, Naber K, Eremenco S, Arnold B. National Institutes of Health (NIH) Chronic Prostatitis Symptom Index. The German version. Der Urologe Ausg A. 2001;40(1):16\u20137.","journal-title":"Der Urologe Ausg A"},{"issue":"6","key":"1796_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1027","DOI":"10.1016\/j.urology.2004.02.002","volume":"63","author":"H Schneider","year":"2004","unstructured":"Schneider H, Brahler E, Ludwig M, Hochreiter W, Collins MF, Eremenco S, Weidner W. Two-year experience with the German-translated version of the NIH-CPSI in patients with CP\/CPPS. Urology. 2004;63(6):1027\u201330.","journal-title":"Urology"},{"issue":"6","key":"1796_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"805","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eururo.2004.12.025","volume":"47","author":"G Giubilei","year":"2005","unstructured":"Giubilei G, Mondaini N, Crisci A, Raugei A, Lombardi G, Travaglini F, Del Popolo G, Bartoletti R. The Italian version of the National Institutes of Health Chronic Prostatitis Symptom Index. Eur Urol. 2005;47(6):805\u201311.","journal-title":"Eur Urol"},{"issue":"4","key":"1796_CR31","first-page":"539","volume":"93","author":"K Monden","year":"2002","unstructured":"Monden K, Tsugawa M, Ninomiya Y, Ando E, Kumon H. A Japanese version of the National Institutes of Health Chronic Prostatitis Symptom Index (NIH-CPSI, Okayama version) and the clinical evaluation of cernitin pollen extract for chronic non-bacterial prostatitis. Nihon Hinyokika Gakkai Zasshi. 2002;93(4):539\u201347.","journal-title":"Nihon Hinyokika Gakkai Zasshi"},{"issue":"1","key":"1796_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"74","DOI":"10.1016\/S0090-4295(02)01636-9","volume":"60","author":"Y Kunishima","year":"2002","unstructured":"Kunishima Y, Matsukawa M, Takahashi S, Itoh N, Hirose T, Furuya S, Takatsuka K, Mori M, Tsukamoto T. National institutes of Health Chronic Prostatitis Symptom Index for Japanese men. Urology. 2002;60(1):74\u20137.","journal-title":"Urology"},{"issue":"01","key":"1796_CR33","first-page":"117","volume":"18","author":"F Allameh","year":"2020","unstructured":"Allameh F, Mansouri Tehrani MM, Tasharrofi MA, Ganji Jameshouran MA. Validation of the Persian Version of the National Institute of Health Chronic Prostatitis Symptom Index. Urol J. 2020;18(01):117\u201321.","journal-title":"Urol J"},{"issue":"5","key":"1796_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"683","DOI":"10.1590\/S1677-5538.IBJU.2013.05.11","volume":"39","author":"C Novotny","year":"2013","unstructured":"Novotny C, Deves E, Novotny R, Rodrigues IK, Neves FS. Cultural adaptation of the National Institutes of Health\u2014chronic prostatitis symptom index (NIH-CPSI)\u2014to Brazilian spoken Portuguese: NIH-CPSI (Braz). Int Braz J Urol. 2013;39(5):683\u201391.","journal-title":"Int Braz J Urol"},{"issue":"2","key":"1796_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"501","DOI":"10.3906\/sag-2001-231","volume":"51","author":"A Co\u015ekun","year":"2020","unstructured":"Co\u015ekun A, Can U, Tarhan F, Kavuko\u011elu \u00d6, Narter KF. Reliability and validity of the national institute of Health Chronic Prostatitis Symptom Index questionnaire in Turkish Population. Turk J Med Sci. 2020;51(2):501\u20137.","journal-title":"Turk J Med Sci."},{"issue":"2","key":"1796_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1590\/bjpt-rbf.2014.0143","volume":"20","author":"LB Mokkink","year":"2016","unstructured":"Mokkink LB, Prinsen CA, Bouter LM, Vet HC, Terwee CB. The COnsensus-based Standards for the selection of health Measurement INstruments (COSMIN) and how to select an outcome measurement instrument. Braz J Phys Ther. 2016;20(2):105\u201313.","journal-title":"Braz J Phys Ther"},{"issue":"5","key":"1796_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1147","DOI":"10.1007\/s11136-018-1798-3","volume":"27","author":"CAC Prinsen","year":"2018","unstructured":"Prinsen CAC, Mokkink LB. COSMIN guideline for systematic reviews of patient-reported outcome measures. Qual Life Res. 2018;27(5):1147\u201357.","journal-title":"Qual Life Res"},{"issue":"2","key":"1796_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"94","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1524-4733.2005.04054.x","volume":"8","author":"D Wild","year":"2005","unstructured":"Wild D, Grove A, Martin M, Eremenco S, McElroy S, Verjee-Lorenz A, Erikson P. Principles of Good Practice for the Translation and Cultural Adaptation Process for Patient-Reported Outcomes (PRO) Measures: report of the ISPOR Task Force for Translation and Cultural Adaptation. Value Health. 2005;8(2):94\u2013104.","journal-title":"Value Health"},{"issue":"5","key":"1796_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"979","DOI":"10.1016\/S0149-2918(96)80054-3","volume":"18","author":"KN Lohr","year":"1996","unstructured":"Lohr KN, Aaronson NK, Alonso J, Burnam MA, Patrick DL, Perrin EB, Roberts JS. Evaluating quality-of-life and health status instruments: development of scientific review criteria. Clin Ther. 1996;18(5):979\u201392.","journal-title":"Clin Ther"},{"key":"1796_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4324\/9780203841624","volume-title":"Introduction to psychometric theory","author":"T Raykov","year":"2011","unstructured":"Raykov T, Marcoulides GA. Introduction to psychometric theory. New York, NY: Taylor & Francis Group; 2011."},{"key":"1796_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"64","DOI":"10.1177\/002224377901600110","volume":"16","author":"GA Churchill","year":"1979","unstructured":"Churchill GA. A paradigm for developing better measures of marketing constructs. J Mark Res. 1979;16:64\u201373.","journal-title":"J Mark Res"},{"key":"1796_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1203e18","DOI":"10.1007\/s11136-004-5742-3","volume":"14","author":"HCW de Vet","year":"2005","unstructured":"de Vet HCW, Ader HJ, Terwee CB, Pouwer F. Are factor analytical techniques appropriately used in the validation of health status questionnaires? A systematic review on the quality of factor analyses of the SF-36. Qual Life Res. 2005;14:1203e18.","journal-title":"Qual Life Res"},{"issue":"6","key":"1796_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2018.00149","volume":"11","author":"GO Boateng","year":"2018","unstructured":"Boateng GO, Neilands TB, Frongillo EA, Melgar-Qui\u00f1onez HR, Young SL. Best practices for developing and validating scales for health, social, and behavioral research: a primer. Front Public Health. 2018;11(6):149.","journal-title":"Front Public Health"},{"key":"1796_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1037\/h0046016","volume":"56","author":"DT Campbell","year":"1959","unstructured":"Campbell DT, Fiske DW. Convergent and discriminant validity by the multitrait-multi method matrix. Psychol Bull. 1959;56:81\u2013105.","journal-title":"Psychol Bull"},{"key":"1796_CR45","volume-title":"A step-by-step approach to using the SAS system for factor analysis and structural equation modeling","author":"L Hatcher","year":"1994","unstructured":"Hatcher L. A step-by-step approach to using the SAS system for factor analysis and structural equation modeling. Cary, NC: SAS Institute Inc.; 1994."},{"key":"1796_CR46","volume-title":"Statistical power analysis for the behavioral sciences","author":"J Cohen","year":"1988","unstructured":"Cohen J. Statistical power analysis for the behavioral sciences. Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum; 1988."},{"key":"1796_CR47","volume-title":"The handbook of psychological testing","author":"P Kline","year":"1993","unstructured":"Kline P. The handbook of psychological testing. London: Routledge; 1993."}],"container-title":["Health and Quality of Life Outcomes"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12955-021-01796-8.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s12955-021-01796-8\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12955-021-01796-8.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,4]],"date-time":"2021-06-04T09:34:51Z","timestamp":1622799291000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/hqlo.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s12955-021-01796-8"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,31]]},"references-count":47,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,12]]}},"alternative-id":["1796"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12955-021-01796-8","relation":{},"ISSN":["1477-7525"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1477-7525","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,31]]},"assertion":[{"value":"9 December 2020","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"24 May 2021","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"31 May 2021","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Ethics approval and consent to participate is not applicable.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"All authors have agreed to publish this study.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"159"}}