{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,28]],"date-time":"2026-03-28T11:19:47Z","timestamp":1774696787000,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,12]],"date-time":"2021-10-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1633996800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,12]],"date-time":"2021-10-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1633996800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100007861","name":"University of Gondar","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["funded by a grant, R.No: (O\/V\/P\/RCS\/044\/2019 on March 2019)"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["funded by a grant, R.No: (O\/V\/P\/RCS\/044\/2019 on March 2019)"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100007861","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Health Qual Life Outcomes"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Women with severe preeclampsia often present with more health complaints compared to those with uncomplicated pregnancies. Estimating the quality of life of women affected with severe preeclampsia could provide direction for further interventions. However, the current measurement of the quality of life has not been culturally adapted and validated for this population. This study aimed to translate, culturally adapt, and test the reliability and validity of the World Health Organization Quality-of-Life-Bref Scale (WHOQOL-BREF) in southern Ethiopia among women with severe preeclampsia.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>An institutional-based cross-sectional study was conducted in southern Ethiopia in selected hospitals with randomly recruited women with severe preeclampsia. Cultural adaptation and validation techniques were used to translate and adapt the WHOQOL-BREF scale. Face, content validity, forward and backward translations, and synthesis were computed using an expert panel. The scale was pretested and adjusted accordingly. Internal consistency (Cronbach\u2019s alpha) and test\u2013retest reliability (Intraclass Correlation Coefficient\u2009=\u2009ICC) were examined. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was computed to test the fit of the structure to the local setting before conducting exploratory factor analysis (EFA). Multiple methods for determining the number of factors extracted (scree test, eigenvalues) were used. We compared the original English structure with the new structure in the study setting and extracted a new structure using EFA.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The internal consistency reliabilities ranged from 0.8045 to 0.9123 indicating good-to-excellent reliability. The item\u2011level content validity ranged from 0.86 to 1.00; the scale\u2011level content validity index was 0.97. In CFA, the model fit indices were unacceptable (Comparative Fit Index (CFI\u2009=\u20090.87), Root Mean Square Error of Approximation (RMSEA\u2009=\u20090.23), Standardized Root Mean Square Residual (SRMR\u2009=\u20090.38), Tucker Lewis Index (TLI\u2009=\u20090.85) and (PCLOSE\u2009=\u20090.00). Three new factor structures were extracted using EFA for current research with a total variance was 91%.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>The failure of the original scale in this study population highlights the importance of culturally adapting tool to local settings. EFA confirmed a three-factor structure, inconsistent with the original English structure.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12955-021-01872-z","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,13]],"date-time":"2021-10-13T01:07:06Z","timestamp":1634087226000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Cultural adaptation and validation of the Sidamic version of the World Health Organization Quality-of-Life-Bref Scale measuring the quality of life of women with severe preeclampsia in southern Ethiopia, 2020"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"19","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9491-9832","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Birhanu","family":"Jikamo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mulat","family":"Adefris","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Telake","family":"Azale","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kassahun","family":"Alemu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"1872_CR1","unstructured":"Aliyu L et al. Relationship between Physical Activity and Health-Related Quality of Life among Pregnant Women. Afr J Reprod Health 2018; 22(3):80."},{"key":"1872_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2375","DOI":"10.4236\/health.2014.618273","volume":"6","author":"CGP Alou","year":"2014","unstructured":"Alou CGP, et al. Health-related quality of life of pregnant women and associated factors: an integrative review. Health. 2014;6:2375\u201387.","journal-title":"Health"},{"issue":"3","key":"1872_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"136","DOI":"10.1590\/2237-6089-2015-0067","volume":"38","author":"PB Rodrigues","year":"2016","unstructured":"Rodrigues PB, et al. Special features of high-risk pregnancies as factors in the development of mental distress: a review. Trends Psychiatry Psych other. 2016;38(3):136\u201340.","journal-title":"Trends Psychiatry Psych other"},{"key":"1872_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Michelle D et al. Multi-professional care promotes of quality of life in pregnant women with preeclampsia: a cross-sectional study. Clinics. 2020;75:e1951.","DOI":"10.6061\/clinics\/2020\/e1951"},{"key":"1872_CR5","unstructured":"Christina S et al. The impact of severe preeclampsia on maternal quality of life. Qual Life Res. 2013."},{"key":"1872_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Fernandes R et al. Pregnancy and quality of life: assessment during the gestational trimesters. Online Braz J Nurs. 2009;8(1).","DOI":"10.5935\/1676-4285.20092042"},{"key":"1872_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mautne E et al. The impact of resilience on psychological outcomes in women after preeclampsia: an observational cohort study. Health Qual Life Outcomes. 2013;11(194).","DOI":"10.1186\/1477-7525-11-194"},{"key":"1872_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"231","DOI":"10.3109\/01674820903254757","volume":"30","author":"E Mautner","year":"2009","unstructured":"Mautner E, et al. Quality of life outcomes in pregnancy and postpartum complicated by hypertensive disorders, gestational diabetes and preterm birth. J Psychosom Obstet Gynaecol. 2009;30:231\u20137.","journal-title":"J Psychosom Obstet Gynaecol"},{"key":"1872_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zahra E et al. Health-related quality of life measured using the EQ-5D\u20135 L: population norms for the capital of Iran. Health Qual Life Outcomes. 2020;18(108).","DOI":"10.1186\/s12955-020-01584-w"},{"key":"1872_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1007\/s11136-004-6252-z","volume":"14","author":"Ping-Chuan","year":"2005","unstructured":"Ping-Chuan, et al. Comparison of WHOQOL-BREF and SF-36 in patients with HIV infection. Qual Life Res. 2005;14:141\u201350.","journal-title":"Qual Life Res"},{"key":"1872_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"You\u2011Shan et al. Psychometric properties of the EQ\u20115D\u20115L: a systematic review of the literature. Qual Life Res. 2021;30(647\u2013673).","DOI":"10.1007\/s11136-020-02688-y"},{"key":"1872_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"WPe. Evaluation of health-related quality of life using EQ-5D in China during the COVID-19 pandemic. PLoS ONE. 2020;15(6):e0234850.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0234850"},{"key":"1872_CR13","unstructured":"Mulubrhan F et al. A systematic review of quality of life measures in pregnant and postpartum mothers. The International Society for Quality-of-Life Studies 2012."},{"key":"1872_CR14","unstructured":"Kidist R et al. Validity and reliability of the Amharic version of the World Health Organization\u2019s Quality of Life Questionnaire (WHOQOLBREF) in Patients with Diagnosed Type 2 Diabetes in Felege Hiwot Referral Hospital, Ethiopia."},{"key":"1872_CR15","first-page":"809","volume":"4","author":"A Gholami","year":"2013","unstructured":"Gholami A, et al. Application of WHOQOL-BREF in measuring quality of life in health-care staff. Int J Prev Med. 2013;4:809\u201317.","journal-title":"Int J Prev Med"},{"key":"1872_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mary H et al. Validation of the WHOQOL-Bref: psychometric properties and normative data for the Norwegian general population. Health Qual Life Outcomes 2021; 19 (13)","DOI":"10.1186\/s12955-020-01656-x"},{"key":"1872_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Markos T et al. Adaptation and validation of the short version WHOQOL-HIV in Ethiopia. Int J Ment Health Syst. 2016;10 (29).","DOI":"10.1186\/s13033-016-0062-x"},{"key":"1872_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1375","DOI":"10.1007\/s11136-007-9236-y","volume":"16","author":"C Chi-Wen","year":"2007","unstructured":"Chi-Wen C, et al. Development and validation of a WHOQOL-BREF Taiwanese audio player-assisted interview version for the elderly who use a spoken dialect. Qual Life Res. 2007;16:1375\u201381.","journal-title":"Qual Life Res"},{"issue":"7","key":"1872_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e2016005","DOI":"10.4178\/epih.e2016005","volume":"38","author":"Li Gholami","year":"2016","unstructured":"Gholami Li, et al. Application of the World Health Organization Quality of Life Instrument, Short Form (WHOQOL-BREF) to patients with cataracts. Epidemiol Health. 2016;38(7):e2016005.","journal-title":"Epidemiol Health"},{"issue":"4","key":"1872_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"488","DOI":"10.5535\/arm.2013.37.4.488","volume":"37","author":"W Ho","year":"2013","unstructured":"Ho W, et al. Reliability and validity of the Korean World Health Organization Quality of Life (WHOQOL-BREF) in people with physical impairments. Ann Rehabil Med. 2013;37(4):488\u201397.","journal-title":"Ann Rehabil Med"},{"key":"1872_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1503","DOI":"10.1007\/s11136-014-0877-3","volume":"24","author":"R Cristina","year":"2015","unstructured":"Cristina R, et al. Development and validation of the Somali WHOQOL-BREF among refugees living in the USA. Qual Life Res. 2015;24:1503\u201313.","journal-title":"Qual Life Res"},{"key":"1872_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tim C et al. Development, reliability, and validity of the Chichewa WHOQOL-BREF in adults in Lilongwe, Malawi. BMC Res Notes. 2012;5(346).","DOI":"10.1186\/1756-0500-5-346"},{"key":"1872_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Eva V et al. The evaluation of the psychometric properties of a specific quality of life questionnaire for physiological pregnancy. Health Qual Life Outcomes. 2013;11(214).","DOI":"10.1186\/1477-7525-11-214"},{"key":"1872_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Linn G et al. Cross-cultural adaptation of research instruments: language, setting, time and statistical considerations. Gjersinget al BMC Med Res Methodol. 2010;10(13).","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2288-10-13"},{"key":"1872_CR25","unstructured":"Sidama at Ethnologue (19th ed., 2016): https:\/\/www.ethnologue.com\/19\/language\/sid\/."},{"key":"1872_CR26","unstructured":"http:\/\/www.ethiopiantreasures.co.uk\/pages\/language.htm."},{"key":"1872_CR27","unstructured":"Sidama Zonal Health Department Annual Performance Report 2019."},{"issue":"2","key":"1872_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.62704\/10057\/17539","volume":"6","author":"AR Baggaley","year":"1983","unstructured":"Baggaley AR. Deciding on the ratio of number of subjects to number of variables in factor analysis. Multivar Exp Clin Res. 1983;6(2):81\u20135.","journal-title":"Multivar Exp Clin Res"},{"key":"1872_CR29","unstructured":"The International Society for the Study of Hypertension in Pregnancy: The hypertensive disorders of pregnancy: ISSHP classification, diagnosis & management recommendations for international practice (Pregnancy Hypertension, 2018) ."},{"issue":"2","key":"1872_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.21315\/eimj2019.11.2.6","volume":"11","author":"MSB Yusoff","year":"2019","unstructured":"Yusoff MSB. ABC of content validation and content validity index calculation. Educ Med J. 2019;11(2):49\u201354.","journal-title":"Educ Med J"},{"key":"1872_CR31","unstructured":"Zailinawati A et al. Doing a pilot study: why is it essential? Malays Fam Phys. 2006;1(2&3)."},{"key":"1872_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Liew LC, Noraini I. Validity and reliability of the instrument using exploratory factor analysis and Cronbach\u2019s alpha. Int J Acad Res Bus Soc Sci. 2017;7(10).","DOI":"10.6007\/IJARBSS\/v7-i10\/3387"},{"key":"1872_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"409","DOI":"10.3758\/s13428-018-1055-2","volume":"51","author":"X Yan","year":"2019","unstructured":"Yan X, Yanyun Y. RMSEA, CFI, and TLI in structural equation modeling with ordered categorical data: the story they tell depends on the estimation methods. Behav Res Methods. 2019;51:409\u201328.","journal-title":"Behav Res Methods"},{"key":"1872_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1186\/s12955-019-1143-8","volume":"17","author":"O Deborah","year":"2019","unstructured":"Deborah O, et al. Factor and reliability analysis of a brief scale to measure motivation to change lifestyle for dementia risk reduction in the UK: the MOCHAD-10. Health Qual Life Outcomes. 2019;17:75.","journal-title":"Health Qual Life Outcomes"},{"key":"1872_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"439","DOI":"10.1177\/014662168400800408","volume":"8","author":"P Bobko","year":"1984","unstructured":"Bobko P, Schemmer FM. Eigen value shrinkage in principal component based factor analysis. Appl Psychol Meas. 1984;8:439\u201351.","journal-title":"Appl Psychol Meas"},{"key":"1872_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"H C et al. Interrater and test\u2013retest reliability and validity of the Norwegian version of the BESTest and mini-BESTest in people with increased risk of falling. BMC Geriat. 2017;17(92).","DOI":"10.1186\/s12877-017-0480-x"},{"key":"1872_CR37","unstructured":"Nei L et al. Developing and validating rapid assessment instruments; 2009."}],"container-title":["Health and Quality of Life Outcomes"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12955-021-01872-z.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s12955-021-01872-z\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12955-021-01872-z.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,9]],"date-time":"2024-09-09T21:32:39Z","timestamp":1725917559000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/hqlo.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s12955-021-01872-z"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,12]]},"references-count":37,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,12]]}},"alternative-id":["1872"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12955-021-01872-z","relation":{},"ISSN":["1477-7525"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1477-7525","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,12]]},"assertion":[{"value":"27 December 2020","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"30 September 2021","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"12 October 2021","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Before study initiation, we obtained written informed consent for participation in the study from each patient, and participants were women with severe preeclampsia. The study was approved by the Institutional Review Board of the University of Gondar R.No: (O\/V\/P\/RCS\/044\/2019 on March 2019). Written informed consent for patients under 16\u00a0years old from their parents or guardians before study initiation was obtained. During recruitment, developers carefully considered informed consent and agreement.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare that we have no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"239"}}