{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,19]],"date-time":"2026-05-19T15:22:32Z","timestamp":1779204152317,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,1]],"date-time":"2022-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1659312000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,1]],"date-time":"2022-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1659312000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"name":"Medtronic B.V.  Representative Office in Latvia","award":["partial support"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["partial support"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Health Qual Life Outcomes"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Insulin pump therapy represents an alternative to multiple daily injections and can improve glycemic control and quality of life (QoL) in Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) patients. We aimed to explore the differences and factors related to the T1DM-specific QoL of such patients in Latvia.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Design and methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A mixed-method cross-sectional study on 87 adult T1DM patients included 20 pump users and 67 users of injections who participated in the quantitative part of the study; 8 pump users and 13 injection users participated in the qualitative part. Patients were invited to participate using a dedicated digital platform. Their QoL and self-management habits were assessed using specially developed questionnaires adapted to Latvian conditions. Multiple logistic regression models were built to investigate the association between social and self-management factors and patients\u2019 QoL. In addition, qualitative analysis of answers was performed.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Insulin pump users were younger, had higher incomes, and reported higher T1DM expenses than users of multiple daily injections. There were no differences in self-management between the groups; Total QoL differed at the 0.1 significance level. In fully adjusted multiple logistic regression models, the most important factor that increased Total QoL was lower T1DM-related expenses (odds ratio, OR\u20097.02 [95% confidence interval 1.29; 38.0]). Men and those with more years of living with T1DM had better QoL (OR\u20099.62 [2.20; 42.1] and OR\u20091.16 [1.05; 1.29], respectively), but the method of administration was not significantly associated with QoL (OR\u20097.38 [0.87; 62.9]). Qualitative data supported the results of quantitative analysis.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>QoL was the main reason to use an insulin pump, while the expense was the main reason to avoid the use of it or to stop using it. Reimbursement policies thus should be considered to enable patients to choose the more convenient method for themselves.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12955-022-02029-2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,1]],"date-time":"2022-08-01T09:03:35Z","timestamp":1659344615000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Quantitative and qualitative analysis of the quality of life of Type 1 diabetes patients using insulin pumps and of those receiving multiple daily insulin injections"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"20","author":[{"given":"Lilian","family":"Tzivian","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jelizaveta","family":"Sokolovska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Anna E.","family":"Grike","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Agate","family":"Kalcenaua","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Abraham","family":"Seidmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Arriel","family":"Benis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Martins","family":"Mednis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ieva","family":"Danovska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ugis","family":"Berzins","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Arnolds","family":"Bogdanovs","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Emil","family":"Syundyukov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,1]]},"reference":[{"issue":"2","key":"2029_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"387","DOI":"10.1007\/s13300-019-00743-7","volume":"11","author":"A Jane\u017e","year":"2020","unstructured":"Jane\u017e A, Guja C, Mitrakou A, et al. Insulin therapy in adults with type 1 diabetes mellitus: a narrative review. Diabetes Ther. 2020;11(2):387\u2013409. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s13300-019-00743-7.","journal-title":"Diabetes Ther"},{"issue":"1","key":"2029_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"17016","DOI":"10.1038\/nrdp.2017.16","volume":"3","author":"A Katsarou","year":"2017","unstructured":"Katsarou A, Gudbj\u00f6rnsdottir S, Rawshani A, et al. Type 1 diabetes mellitus. Nat Rev Dis Primers. 2017;3(1):17016. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/nrdp.2017.16.","journal-title":"Nat Rev Dis Primers"},{"issue":"3","key":"2029_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"226","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-8587(19)30412-7","volume":"8","author":"JM Norris","year":"2020","unstructured":"Norris JM, Johnson RK, Stene LC. Type 1 diabetes\u2014early life origins and changing epidemiology. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol. 2020;8(3):226\u201338. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S2213-8587(19)30412-7.","journal-title":"Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol"},{"issue":"2","key":"2029_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"98","DOI":"10.34172\/hpp.2020.18","volume":"10","author":"M Mobasseri","year":"2020","unstructured":"Mobasseri M, Shirmohammadi M, Amiri T, Vahed N, Hosseini Fard H, Ghojazadeh M. Prevalence and incidence of type 1 diabetes in the world: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Health Promot Perspect. 2020;10(2):98\u2013115. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.34172\/hpp.2020.18.","journal-title":"Health Promot Perspect"},{"key":"2029_CR5","unstructured":"Centre of Disease Prevention and Control https:\/\/www.spkc.gov.lv\/lv\/latvijas-veselibas-aprupes-statistikas-gadagramata-2015\/3_sabiedribas_veseliba_2015_11.pdf (Last visited: 26 December 2021)"},{"issue":"3","key":"2029_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"269","DOI":"10.1111\/dme.13793","volume":"36","author":"JC Pickup","year":"2019","unstructured":"Pickup JC. Is insulin pump therapy effective in type 1 diabetes? Diabet Med. 2019;36(3):269\u201378. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/dme.13793.","journal-title":"Diabet Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"2029_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"898","DOI":"10.1186\/s12913-018-3655-z","volume":"18","author":"F Campbell","year":"2018","unstructured":"Campbell F, Lawton J, Rankin D, et al. Follow-Up Support for Effective type 1 Diabetes self-management (The FUSED Model): A systematic review and meta-ethnography of the barriers, facilitators and recommendations for sustaining self-management skills after attending a structured education programme. BMC Health Serv Res. 2018;18(1):898. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12913-018-3655-z.","journal-title":"BMC Health Serv Res"},{"issue":"6","key":"2029_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"941","DOI":"10.1007\/s00125-008-0974-3","volume":"51","author":"K Jeitler","year":"2008","unstructured":"Jeitler K, Horvath K, Berghold A, et al. Continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion versus multiple daily insulin injections in patients with diabetes mellitus: systematic review and meta-analysis. Diabetologia. 2008;51(6):941\u201351. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00125-008-0974-3.","journal-title":"Diabetologia"},{"issue":"11","key":"2029_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2590","DOI":"10.2337\/diacare.27.11.2590","volume":"27","author":"R Retnakaran","year":"2004","unstructured":"Retnakaran R, Hochman J, DeVries JH, et al. Continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion versus multiple daily injections: the impact of baseline A1c. Diabetes Care. 2004;27(11):2590\u20136. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2337\/diacare.27.11.2590.","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"issue":"1","key":"2029_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1007\/s12020-016-1039-x","volume":"55","author":"K Benkhadra","year":"2017","unstructured":"Benkhadra K, Alahdab F, Tamhane SU, McCoy RG, Prokop LJ, Murad MH. Continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion versus multiple daily injections in individuals with type 1 diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Endocrine. 2017;55(1):77\u201384. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12020-016-1039-x.","journal-title":"Endocrine"},{"issue":"S1","key":"2029_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S4","DOI":"10.1002\/dmrr.981","volume":"25","author":"F Pouwer","year":"2009","unstructured":"Pouwer F, Hermanns N. Insulin therapy and quality of life. A review Diabetes Metab Res Rev. 2009;25(S1):S4\u201310. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/dmrr.981.","journal-title":"A review. Diabetes Metab Res Rev"},{"key":"2029_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3310\/hta14110","author":"E Cummins","year":"2010","unstructured":"Cummins E, Royle P, Snaith A, et al. Clinical effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion for diabetes: systematic review and economic evaluation. Health Technol Assess. 2010. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3310\/hta14110.","journal-title":"Health Technol Assess"},{"key":"2029_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"64","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pedn.2016.08.007","volume":"32","author":"K Rechenberg","year":"2017","unstructured":"Rechenberg K, Whittemore R, Grey M. Anxiety in youth with type 1 diabetes. J Pediatr Nurs. 2017;32:64\u201371. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.pedn.2016.08.007.","journal-title":"J Pediatr Nurs"},{"issue":"2","key":"2029_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"140","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2710.2011.01283.x","volume":"37","author":"FM Alsaleh","year":"2012","unstructured":"Alsaleh FM, Smith FJ, Taylor KM. Experiences of children\/young people and their parents, using insulin pump therapy for the management of type 1 diabetes: qualitative review: experiences of using insulin pumps. J Clin Pharm Therap. 2012;37(2):140\u20137. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1365-2710.2011.01283.x.","journal-title":"J Clin Pharm Therap"},{"issue":"5","key":"2029_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"515","DOI":"10.1177\/0145721716658356","volume":"42","author":"NA Abualula","year":"2016","unstructured":"Abualula NA, Jacobsen KH, Milligan RA, Rodan MF, Conn VS. Evaluating diabetes educational interventions with a skill development component in adolescents with type 1 diabetes: a systematic review focusing on quality of life. Diabetes Educ. 2016;42(5):515\u201328. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0145721716658356.","journal-title":"Diabetes Educ"},{"issue":"6","key":"2029_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"718","DOI":"10.1111\/jpc.14480","volume":"55","author":"LJ Ross","year":"2019","unstructured":"Ross LJ, Neville KA. Continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion versus multiple daily injections for type 1 diabetes. J Paediatr Child Health. 2019;55(6):718\u201322. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/jpc.14480.","journal-title":"J Paediatr Child Health"},{"issue":"3","key":"2029_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"389","DOI":"10.1517\/17425247.2016.1115013","volume":"13","author":"H Thabit","year":"2016","unstructured":"Thabit H, Hovorka R. Continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion therapy and multiple daily insulin injections in type 1 diabetes mellitus: a comparative overview and future horizons. Expert Opin Drug Deliv. 2016;13(3):389\u2013400. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1517\/17425247.2016.1115013.","journal-title":"Expert Opin Drug Deliv"},{"key":"2029_CR18","unstructured":"http:\/\/www.diabets-asoc.lv\/Anglu_valoda\/izvelne.htm"},{"key":"2029_CR19","unstructured":"http:\/\/diabetam.lv\/2018\/06\/07\/skaidrojums-par-kriterijiem-insulina-pumpja-terapijas-piemerosanai\/ (Last visited: 26 December 2021)"},{"key":"2029_CR20","unstructured":"Central Statistical Bureau (CSB) - https:\/\/lvportals.lv\/dienaskartiba\/323225-2019-gada-majsaimniecibu-riciba-esosie-ienakumi-pieauga-par-68-2020 (Last visited: 26 December 2021)"},{"issue":"12","key":"2029_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"108072","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jdiacomp.2021.108072","volume":"35","author":"I Salna","year":"2021","unstructured":"Salna I, Salna E, Pahirko L, Skrebinska S, Krikova R, Folkmane I, P\u012br\u0101gs V, Sokolovska JJ. Achievement of treatment targets predicts progression of vascular complications in type 1 diabetes. Diabetes Compl. 2021;35(12):108072.","journal-title":"Diabetes Compl"},{"key":"2029_CR22","unstructured":"Digital Engagement Platforms, Longenesis Curator. Available: ttps:\/\/www.longenesis.com\/curator; Longenesis Engage. Available: https:\/\/www.longenesis.com\/engage"},{"key":"2029_CR23","unstructured":"Regulation (EU) 2016\/679 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 27 April 2016 on the protection of natural persons with regard to the processing of personal data and on the free movement of such data, and repealing Directive 95\/46\/EC (General Data Protection Regulation), OJ 2016 L 119\/1."},{"key":"2029_CR24","unstructured":"IBM Corp. Released 2019. IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows, Version 26.0. Armonk, NY: IBM Corp."},{"key":"2029_CR25","unstructured":"QSR International Pty Ltd. 2018; NVivo (Version 12), https:\/\/www.qsrinternational.com\/nvivo-qualitative-data-analysis-software\/home"},{"issue":"6","key":"2029_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"650","DOI":"10.1093\/jpepsy\/jsj088","volume":"31","author":"JM Valenzuela","year":"2006","unstructured":"Valenzuela JM, Patino AM, McCullough J, et al. Insulin pump therapy and health-related quality of life in children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes. J Pediatric Psychol. 2006;31(6):650\u201360. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/jpepsy\/jsj088.","journal-title":"J Pediatric Psychol"},{"key":"2029_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Al Shaikh A, Al Zahrani AM, Qari YH, et al. Quality of life in children with diabetes treated with insulin pump compared with multiple daily injections in tertiary care center. Clin Med Insights Endocrinol Diabetes;2020;13:117955142095907. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/1179551420959077","DOI":"10.1177\/1179551420959077"},{"key":"2029_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"M\u00fcller-Godeffroy E, Treichel S, Wagner VM, on behalf of the German Working Group for Paediatric Pump Therapy. Investigation of quality of life and family burden issues during insulin pump therapy in children with Type 1 diabetes mellitus-a large-scale multicentre pilot study. Diabetic Medicine. 2009;26(5):493\u2013501. doi:https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1464-5491.2009.02707.x","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1464-5491.2009.02707.x"},{"key":"2029_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15406\/emij.2018.06.00169","author":"M Alqambar","year":"2018","unstructured":"Alqambar M. Impact of insulin pump use on disease control and quality of life in type I diabetes patients. Endocrinol Metab Int J. 2018. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15406\/emij.2018.06.00169.","journal-title":"Endocrinol Metab Int J"},{"issue":"3","key":"2029_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"255","DOI":"10.1159\/000503705","volume":"29","author":"NI Mesbah","year":"2020","unstructured":"Mesbah NI, Taha NAER, Rahme ZN, Sukkar FF, Omar DM. Experiences of adults using continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion: a qualitative study. Med Princ Pract. 2020;29(3):255\u201361. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1159\/000503705.","journal-title":"Med Princ Pract"},{"key":"2029_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Alvarado-Martel D, Velasco R, S\u00e1nchez-Hern\u00e1ndez RM, Carrillo A, N\u00f3voa FJ, W\u00e4gner AM. Quality of life and type 1 diabetes: a study assessing patients&rsquo; perceptions and self-management needs. Patient Preference and Adherence; 2015:1315. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2147\/PPA.S87310","DOI":"10.2147\/PPA.S87310"},{"issue":"2","key":"2029_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"162","DOI":"10.1016\/j.genm.2008.05.003","volume":"5","author":"A-L Und\u00e9n","year":"2008","unstructured":"Und\u00e9n A-L, Elofsson S, Andr\u00e9asson A, Hillered E, Eriksson I, Brismar K. Gender differences in self-rated health, quality of life, quality of care, and metabolic control in patients with diabetes. Gender Med. 2008;5(2):162\u201380.","journal-title":"Gender Med"}],"container-title":["Health and Quality of Life Outcomes"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12955-022-02029-2.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s12955-022-02029-2\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12955-022-02029-2.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,1]],"date-time":"2022-08-01T09:04:56Z","timestamp":1659344696000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/hqlo.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s12955-022-02029-2"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,1]]},"references-count":32,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,12]]}},"alternative-id":["2029"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12955-022-02029-2","relation":{"has-preprint":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.21203\/rs.3.rs-1232676\/v1","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["1477-7525"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1477-7525","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"5 January 2022","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"18 July 2022","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"1 August 2022","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The study was approved by the Scientific Research Ethic Commission of the Institute of Cardiology and Regenerative Medicine of the University of Latvia on February 2, 2021. Participants provide their consent (which could be dynamically managed on the platform, e.g., for opt-out) whilst entering the Digital Engagement platform.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"Authors declare no conflict of interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"120"}}