{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T18:56:29Z","timestamp":1790794589816,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,24]],"date-time":"2023-05-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1684886400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,24]],"date-time":"2023-05-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1684886400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Health Qual Life Outcomes"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>The Generic Adherence for Chronic Diseases Profile is a French generic scale (GACID-P) developed to measure adherence in several disease areas such as cardiology, rheumatology, diabetes, cancer and infectiology.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Method<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>We aimed to study the measurement invariance of the Generic Adherence for Chronic Diseases Profile by an item response model, optimize the new instrument version from item response model and qualitative content analyses results, and validate the instrument. The metric properties of the optimized version were studied according to classical test theory and item response model analysis.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>A sample of 397 patients consulting at two French hospitals (in diabetes, cardiology, rheumatology, cancerology and infectiology) and in four private practices was recruited; 314 (79%) patients also completed the questionnaire 15 days later. Factor analyses revealed four dimensions: \u201cForgetting to take medication\u201d, \u201cIntention to comply with treatment\u201d, \u201cLimitation of risk-related consumer habits\u201d and \u201cHealthy lifestyle\u201d. The item response model and content analyses optimized these four dimensions, regrouping 32 items in four dimensions of 25 items, including one item conditioned on tobacco use. The psychometric properties and scale calibration were satisfactory. One score per dimension was calculated as the sum of the items for the dimensions \u201cForgetting to take medication\u201d and \u201cIntention to comply with treatment\u201d and as a weighted score according to the item response model analysis for the two other dimensions because of differential item functioning found for two items.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Four adherence profile scores were obtained. The instrument validity was documented by a theoretical approach and content analysis. The Generic Adherence for Chronic Diseases Profile is now available for research targeting adherence in a broad perspective.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12955-023-02130-0","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,24]],"date-time":"2023-05-24T12:02:22Z","timestamp":1684929742000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Validation and optimization of the French Generic Adherence for Chronic Diseases Profile (GACID-P) using classical test and item response theory"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"21","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8854-0591","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Christine","family":"Rotonda","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"F.","family":"Guillemin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"T","family":"Conroy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"C.","family":"Alleyrat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"B.","family":"Lefevre","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M.","family":"Soudant","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"C.","family":"Tarquinio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"2130_CR1","unstructured":"Adherence to treatment in medical conditions. 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The study is registered at  (NCT02885129). All methods were carried out in accordance with relevant guidelines and regulations.<sup><i>1<\/i><\/sup><i>CCTIRS: Comit\u00e9 Consultatif sur le Traitement de l\u2019Information en mati\u00e8re de Recherche dans le domaine de la Sant\u00e9. CNIL: Commission Nationale de l\u2019informatique et des Libert\u00e9s.<\/i>","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval"}},{"value":"Informed consent before the study entry is obtained from all patients.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":5,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}}],"article-number":"49"}}