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The incidence rates were analyzed between 2012 and 2016. To observe the incidence trends, we analyzed the data from two time periods, 1979\u20132005 and 2006\u20132016. The analyzed data included age, sex, and the histological types and primary origins of the malignancies. The Cochrane-Armitage test for linear trends was used for verification of the null hypothesis. The significance level established for hypothesis testing was <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.05.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Between 2012 and 2016, 230 patients with primary peritoneal tumors were identified and divided into the following groups according to their \u201cInternational Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems, 10th revision\u201d codes: malignant neoplasm of specified parts of the peritoneum (C48.1); malignant neoplasm of the peritoneum, unspecified (C48.2); and malignant neoplasm of overlapping sites of the retroperitoneum and peritoneum (C48.8). Moreover, 549 primary tumors of the appendix (C18.1, encompassing all appendiceal malignancies) and 3137 secondary synchronous peritoneal carcinomatoses of other primary origins were documented. The age-adjusted incidence of primary peritoneal tumors in 2012\u20132016 was 4.36\/year\/1,000,000 inhabitants. The age-adjusted incidence of synchronous secondary peritoneal malignancies in 2014\u20132016 was 99.0\/year\/1,000,000 inhabitants. The diagnoses of primary peritoneal malignancies followed a stable trend between 1979 and 2016. However, the incidences of primary tumors of the appendix increased by 76.7%.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>The data produced in our study ought to clarify the status of peritoneal surface malignancies in the Czech Republic, which can lead to improved planning and development of therapeutic interventions as well as physician training.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12957-019-1731-4","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,6]],"date-time":"2019-11-06T18:03:19Z","timestamp":1573063399000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Trends in peritoneal surface malignancies: evidence from a Czech nationwide population-based study"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"17","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3097-4418","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Du\u0161an","family":"Klos","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Juraj","family":"Ri\u0161ko","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Martin","family":"Love\u010dek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Pavel","family":"Skalick\u00fd","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ivana","family":"Svobodov\u00e1","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Denisa","family":"Krej\u010d\u00ed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bohuslav","family":"Melichar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Beatrice","family":"Moheln\u00edkov\u00e1-Ducho\u0148ov\u00e1","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Radmila","family":"Lemstrov\u00e1","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"1731_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1097\/00000658-199501000-00004","volume":"221","author":"PH Sugarbaker","year":"1995","unstructured":"Sugarbaker PH. 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