{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,20]],"date-time":"2026-05-20T17:00:14Z","timestamp":1779296414320,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":15,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,2]],"date-time":"2021-02-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1612224000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,2]],"date-time":"2021-02-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1612224000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["World J Surg Onc"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Denosumab (Xgeva<jats:sup>TM<\/jats:sup>) is a fully human antibody to RANK-Ligand, an important signal mediator in the pathogenesis of giant cell tumour of bone (GCTB). The use of denosumab in the treatment of GCTB has changed the way in which these tumours are managed over the past years.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Case presentation<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Described is the case of an acute fracture through a GCTB of the distal radius of a fit and well 32-year-old, non-smoking, female patient following a simple fall onto her outstretched, dominant hand. The aim was to enable joint sparing management for the patient, as opposed to an acute fusion procedure of the carpus. The patient underwent percutaneous k-wire fixation with application of plaster and immediate commencement with denosumab to halt the activity of the GCTB. Bone healing was rapid; plaster and k-wires were removed after 6 weeks. At 6 months denosumab, was ceased and an open curettage and grafting procedure of the tumour bed was undertaken (using MIIG X3, Wright Medical, aqueous calcium sulphate as graft material).<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>The use of denosumab in the acute setting of pathological fracture through giant cell tumour of bone allowing joint salvage has not been previously described. The treatment was well tolerated and functional outcomes are excellent, with very promising 4-year follow-up.<\/jats:p>\n                <jats:p>This novel approach may allow for more joint sparing strategies in the future for other patients in this difficult situation. Further cases will need to be gathered to establish this technique as a suitable treatment pathway.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12957-021-02143-3","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,2]],"date-time":"2021-02-02T21:07:19Z","timestamp":1612300039000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["The use of denosumab in the setting of acute pathological fracture through giant cell tumour of bone"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"19","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4828-1812","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wolfram","family":"Weschenfelder","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"John M.","family":"Abrahams","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Luke J.","family":"Johnson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"2143_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jor.2020.03.020","volume":"22","author":"DT Miles","year":"2020","unstructured":"Miles DT, Voskuil RT, Dale W, Mayerson JL, Scharschmidt TJ. Integration of denosumab therapy in the management of giant cell tumors of bone. J Orthop. 2020;22:38\u201347.","journal-title":"J Orthop."},{"issue":"6","key":"2143_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"419","DOI":"10.1007\/s12094-014-1268-5","volume":"17","author":"A Lopez-Pousa","year":"2015","unstructured":"Lopez-Pousa A, Martin Broto J, Garrido T, Vazquez J. Giant cell tumour of bone: new treatments in development. Clin Transl Oncol. 2015;17(6):419\u201330.","journal-title":"Clin Transl Oncol."},{"key":"2143_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Freyschmidt J, Ostertag H, Jundt G. Riesenzelltumor (RZ). Knochentumoren mit Kiefertumoren. 3. Berlin Heidelberg: Springer; 2010. p. 652-92.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-540-75153-3"},{"issue":"1","key":"2143_CR4","first-page":"2","volume":"4","author":"A Sobti","year":"2016","unstructured":"Sobti A, Agrawal P, Agarwala S, Agarwal M. Giant Cell Tumor of Bone - An Overview. The archives of bone and joint surgery. 2016;4(1):2\u20139.","journal-title":"The archives of bone and joint surgery."},{"issue":"2","key":"2143_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"134","DOI":"10.1007\/s00292-020-00760-5","volume":"41","author":"A Roessner","year":"2020","unstructured":"Roessner A, Smolle M, Hayback J. Giant cell tumor of bone : morphology, molecular pathogenesis, and differential diagnosis. Pathologe. 2020;41(2):134\u201342.","journal-title":"Pathologe."},{"key":"2143_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"36332","DOI":"10.1038\/srep36332","volume":"6","author":"P Hu","year":"2016","unstructured":"Hu P, Zhao L, Zhang H, Yu X, Wang Z, Ye Z, Wu S, Guo S, Zhang G, Wang J, et al. Recurrence rates and risk factors for primary giant cell tumors around the knee: a multicentre retrospective study in China. 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Is a short-course of preoperative denosumab as effective as prolonged therapy for giant cell tumor of bone? Clin Orthop Relat Res. 2020.","DOI":"10.1097\/CORR.0000000000001285"},{"issue":"4","key":"2143_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"329","DOI":"10.1097\/CCO.0000000000000529","volume":"31","author":"A Lipplaa","year":"2019","unstructured":"Lipplaa A, Dijkstra S, Gelderblom H. Challenges of denosumab in giant cell tumor of bone, and other giant cell-rich tumors of bone. Curr Opin Oncol. 2019;31(4):329\u201335.","journal-title":"Curr Opin Oncol."},{"key":"2143_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"van Langevelde K, McCarthy CL. Radiological findings of denosumab treatment for giant cell tumours of bone. 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