{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,27]],"date-time":"2026-10-27T13:19:19Z","timestamp":1793107159542,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,6]],"date-time":"2022-07-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1657065600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,6]],"date-time":"2022-07-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1657065600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["World J Surg Onc"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>The important role that the immune system plays in malignant diseases is well known. The action of interleukin-7 (IL-7) as a cytokine has been observed in many cellular processes, both in normal cells of the immune system and in some cancer cells. The aim of this study has been to explore whether there is any elevation of interleukin-7 serum levels in early invasive breast cancer (EIBC) patients in comparison with healthy controls. In addition, the correlation between the IL-7 serum level and the histopathological characteristics of the tumor has been evaluated.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>This cross-sectional, observational, and analytical study included 213 consecutive patients with EIBC (113 from Croatia and 100 from Kosovo) and 62 healthy participants as the control group (30 from Croatia and 32 from Kosovo). Blood samples have been taken from patients confirmed with breast cancer (BC) by biopsy, prior to surgical intervention and other oncological treatments, as well as from healthy participants. A serum IL-7 level has been measured, using the \u201cSandwich\u201d ELISA Immunoenzyme test. In addition, after the surgical intervention, histopathological specimen examinations and immunohistochemistry have been performed and analyzed. The differences in the distribution of the numerical variables have been analyzed with the Mann\u2013Whitney <jats:italic>U<\/jats:italic> test and Kruskal\u2013Wallis ANOVA test. Correlations have been tested with Pearson coefficients. A <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>-value\u2009&lt;\u20090.05 has been accepted as statistically significant.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>The serum level of IL-7 in EIBC patients was significantly higher than in control cases (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> 0.001). Patients with invasive lobular carcinoma (ILC) seem to have a lower IL-7 serum level compared to other histological subtypes, and the difference has been significant (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.043). There has been no correlation between IL-7 serum level and histopathological characteristics of the tumor, with neither age nor menopausal status of the patients.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Noting the significant increase in the IL-7 serum level in the EIBC patients as compared to the healthy control group, the use of IL-7 as a potential diagnostic indicator for BC, as well as in the follow-up of the patients after treatment, can be assumed. The lack of correlation with tumor size, lymph node metastasis, and all other histopathological characteristics of the tumor questions its use as a prognostic indicator.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12957-022-02646-7","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,6]],"date-time":"2022-07-06T06:03:00Z","timestamp":1657087380000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["The role of interleukin\u20117 serum level as biological marker in breast cancer: a cross\u2011sectional, observational, and analytical study"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"20","author":[{"given":"Faton","family":"Sermaxhaj","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Natalija","family":"Dedi\u0107 Plaveti\u0107","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ugur","family":"Gozalan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ana","family":"Kuli\u0107","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ljubica","family":"Radmilovi\u0107 Varga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marina","family":"Popovi\u0107","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Slavica","family":"Sovi\u0107","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Davor","family":"Mijatovi\u0107","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Besim","family":"Sermaxhaj","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mentor","family":"Sopjani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"2646_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.3322\/caac.21660","volume":"71","author":"H Sung","year":"2021","unstructured":"Sung H, Ferlay J, Siegel RL, Laversanne M, Soerjomataram I, Jemal A, et al. Global cancer statistics 2020: GLOBOCAN estimates of incidence and mortality worldwide for 36 cancers in 185 countries. CA Cancer J Clin. 2021;71:209\u201349.","journal-title":"CA Cancer J Clin"},{"key":"2646_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1267","DOI":"10.1101\/gad.314617.118","volume":"32","author":"H Gonzalez","year":"2018","unstructured":"Gonzalez H, Hagerling C, Werb Z. Roles of the immune system in cancer: from tumor initiation to metastatic progression. Genes Dev. 2018;32:1267\u201384.","journal-title":"Genes Dev"},{"key":"2646_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"857","DOI":"10.1016\/S0959-8049(01)00016-8","volume":"37","author":"R Kallio","year":"2001","unstructured":"Kallio R, Surcel HM, Bloigu A, Syrj\u00e4l\u00e4 H. Balance between interleukin-10 and interleukin-12 in adult cancer patients with or without infections. Eur J Cancer. 2001;37:857\u201361.","journal-title":"Eur J Cancer"},{"key":"2646_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"591","DOI":"10.1111\/bph.12008","volume":"168","author":"YT Yeung","year":"2013","unstructured":"Yeung YT, McDonald KL, Grewal T, Munoz L. Interleukins in glioblastoma pathophysiology: implications for therapy. Br J Pharmacol. 2013;168:591\u2013606.","journal-title":"Br J Pharmacol"},{"key":"2646_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"848","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2008.11.002","volume":"29","author":"CD Surh","year":"2008","unstructured":"Surh CD, Sprent J. Homeostasis of naive and memory T cells. Immunity. 2008;29:848\u201362.","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"2646_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cyto.2007.07.183","volume":"39","author":"C Kittipatarin","year":"2007","unstructured":"Kittipatarin C, Khaled AR. Interlinking interleukin-7. Cytokine. 2007;39:75\u201383.","journal-title":"Cytokine"},{"key":"2646_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0007637","volume":"4","author":"RI Mazzucchelli","year":"2009","unstructured":"Mazzucchelli RI, Warming S, Lawrence SM, Ishii M, Abshari M, Washington AV, et al. Visualization and identification of IL-7 producing cells in reporter mice. PLoS ONE. 2009;4: e7637.","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"2646_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1255","DOI":"10.1038\/ni1513","volume":"8","author":"A Link","year":"2007","unstructured":"Link A, Vogt TK, Favre S, Britschgi MR, Acha-Orbea H, Hinz B, et al. Fibroblastic reticular cells in lymph nodes regulate the homeostasis of naive T cells. Nat Immunol. 2007;8:1255\u201365.","journal-title":"Nat Immunol"},{"key":"2646_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4675","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2012-03-416859","volume":"120","author":"L Onder","year":"2012","unstructured":"Onder L, Narang P, Scandella E, Chai Q, Iolyeva M, Hoorweg K, et al. IL-7-producing stromal cells are critical for lymph node remodeling. Blood. 2012;120:4675\u201383.","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"2646_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Di Carlo E, D\u2019Antuono T, Pompa P, Giuliani R, Rosini S, Stuppia L, et al. The lack of epithelial interleukin-7 and BAFF\/BLyS gene expression in prostate cancer as a possible mechanism of tumor escape from immunosurveillance. Clin Cancer Res. 2009;15:2979\u201387.","DOI":"10.1158\/1078-0432.CCR-08-1951"},{"key":"2646_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1038\/ni.1695","volume":"10","author":"M Guimond","year":"2009","unstructured":"Guimond M, Veenstra RG, Grindler DJ, Zhang H, Cui Y, Murphy RD, et al. Interleukin 7 signaling in dendritic cells regulates the homeostatic proliferation and niche size of CD4+ T cells. Nat Immunol. 2009;10:149\u201357.","journal-title":"Nat Immunol"},{"key":"2646_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5307","DOI":"10.7314\/APJCP.2012.13.10.5307","volume":"13","author":"E Bordbar","year":"2012","unstructured":"Bordbar E, Malekzadeh M, Ardekani MT, Doroudchi M, Ghaderi A. Serum levels of G-CSF and IL-7 in Iranian breast cancer patients. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev. 2012;13:5307\u201312.","journal-title":"Asian Pac J Cancer Prev"},{"key":"2646_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10267","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms160510267","volume":"16","author":"J Gao","year":"2015","unstructured":"Gao J, Zhao L, Wan YY, Zhu B. Mechanism of action of IL-7 and its potential applications and limitations in cancer immunotherapy. Int J Mol Sci. 2015;16:10267\u201380.","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"2646_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"783","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.bmt.1701655","volume":"23","author":"E Bolotin","year":"1999","unstructured":"Bolotin E, Annett G, Parkman R, Weinberg K. Serum levels of IL-7 in bone marrow transplant recipients: relationship to clinical characteristics and lymphocyte count. Bone Marrow Transplant. 1999;23:783\u20138.","journal-title":"Bone Marrow Transplant"},{"key":"2646_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"513","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cytogfr.2005.05.004","volume":"16","author":"Q Jiang","year":"2005","unstructured":"Jiang Q, Li WQ, Aiello FB, Mazzucchelli R, Asefa B, Khaled AR, et al. Cell biology of IL-7, a key lymphotrophin. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev. 2005;16:513\u201333.","journal-title":"Cytokine Growth Factor Rev"},{"key":"2646_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"765","DOI":"10.7150\/jca.10471","volume":"5","author":"P Zarogoulidis","year":"2014","unstructured":"Zarogoulidis P, Lampaki S, Yarmus L, Kioumis I, Pitsiou G, Katsikogiannis N, et al. Interleukin-7 and interleukin-15 for cancer. J Cancer. 2014;5:765\u201373.","journal-title":"J Cancer"},{"key":"2646_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"727","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2012.05.070","volume":"422","author":"D Pan","year":"2012","unstructured":"Pan D, Liu B, Jin X, Zhu J. IL-7 splicing variant IL-7\u03b45 induces human breast cancer cell proliferation via activation of PI3K\/Akt pathway. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2012;422:727\u201331.","journal-title":"Biochem Biophys Res Commun"},{"key":"2646_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"317","DOI":"10.1016\/S0898-6568(01)00245-5","volume":"14","author":"L Cosenza","year":"2002","unstructured":"Cosenza L, Gorgun G, Urbano A, Foss F. Interleukin-7 receptor expression and activation in nonhaematopoietic neoplastic cell lines. Cell Signal. 2002;14:317\u201325.","journal-title":"Cell Signal"},{"key":"2646_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Larue L, Bellacosa A. Epithelial-mesenchymal transition in development and cancer: role of phosphatidylinositol 3\u2019 kinase\/AKT pathways. Oncogene. 2005;24:7443\u201354.","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.onc.1209091"},{"key":"2646_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1027","DOI":"10.1007\/s00216-006-1003-3","volume":"387","author":"CL Dupard-Julien","year":"2007","unstructured":"Dupard-Julien CL, Kandlakunta B, Uppu RM. Determination of epoxides by high-performance liquid chromatography following derivatization with N N-diethyldithiocarbamate. Anal Bioanal Chem. 2007;387:1027\u201332.","journal-title":"Anal Bioanal Chem"},{"key":"2646_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"401","DOI":"10.1007\/s00418-014-1222-1","volume":"142","author":"J Yang","year":"2014","unstructured":"Yang J, Zeng Z, Peng Y, Chen J, Pan L, Pan D. IL-7 splicing variant IL-7\u03b45 induces EMT and metastasis of human breast cancer cell lines MCF-7 and BT-20 through activation of PI3K\/Akt pathway. Histochem Cell Biol. 2014;142:401\u201310.","journal-title":"Histochem Cell Biol"},{"key":"2646_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3660","DOI":"10.1158\/1078-0432.CCR-10-3346","volume":"17","author":"A Andersson","year":"2011","unstructured":"Andersson A, Srivastava MK, Harris-White M, Huang M, Zhu L, Elashoff D, et al. Role of CXCR3 ligands in IL-7\/IL-7R alpha-Fc-mediated antitumor activity in lung cancer. Clin Cancer Res. 2011;17:3660\u201372.","journal-title":"Clin Cancer Res"},{"key":"2646_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1511","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.174.6.1511","volume":"174","author":"DL Jicha","year":"1991","unstructured":"Jicha DL, Mul\u00e9 JJ, Rosenberg SA. Interleukin 7 generates antitumor cytotoxic T lymphocytes against murine sarcomas with efficacy in cellular adoptive immunotherapy. J Exp Med. 1991;174:1511\u20135.","journal-title":"J Exp Med"},{"key":"2646_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"290","DOI":"10.3322\/caac.21393","volume":"67","author":"AE Giuliano","year":"2017","unstructured":"Giuliano AE, Connolly JL, Edge SB, Mittendorf EA, Rugo HS, Solin LJ, et al. Breast cancer-major changes in the American Joint Committee on Cancer eighth edition cancer staging manual. CA Cancer J Clin. 2017;67:290\u2013303.","journal-title":"CA Cancer J Clin"},{"key":"2646_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2206","DOI":"10.1093\/annonc\/mdt303","volume":"24","author":"A Goldhirsch","year":"2013","unstructured":"Goldhirsch A, Winer EP, Coates AS, Gelber RD, Piccart-Gebhart M, Th\u00fcrlimann B, et al. Personalizing the treatment of women with early breast cancer: highlights of the St Gallen international expert consensus on the primary therapy of early breast cancer 2013. Ann Oncol. 2013;24:2206\u201323.","journal-title":"Ann Oncol"},{"key":"2646_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1186\/1477-7819-9-18","volume":"9","author":"P Ravishankaran","year":"2011","unstructured":"Ravishankaran P, Karunanithi R. Clinical significance of preoperative serum interleukin-6 and C-reactive protein level in breast cancer patients. World J Surg Oncol. 2011;9:18.","journal-title":"World J Surg Oncol"},{"key":"2646_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2567.2007.02587.x","volume":"121","author":"R Kim","year":"2007","unstructured":"Kim R, Emi M, Tanabe K. Cancer immunoediting from immune surveillance to immune escape. Immunology. 2007;121:1\u201314.","journal-title":"Immunology"},{"key":"2646_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"400","DOI":"10.1038\/nature10755","volume":"482","author":"H Matsushita","year":"2012","unstructured":"Matsushita H, Vesely MD, Koboldt DC, Rickert CG, Uppaluri R, Magrini VJ, et al. Cancer exome analysis reveals a T-cell-dependent mechanism of cancer immunoediting. Nature. 2012;482:400\u20134.","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"2646_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"483","DOI":"10.1097\/PPO.0000000000000005","volume":"19","author":"E Gross","year":"2013","unstructured":"Gross E, Sunwoo JB, Bui JD. Cancer immunosurveillance and immunoediting by natural killer cells. Cancer J. 2013;19:483\u20139.","journal-title":"Cancer J"},{"key":"2646_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2249.2012.04657.x","volume":"171","author":"K Oleinika","year":"2013","unstructured":"Oleinika K, Nibbs RJ, Graham GJ, Fraser AR. Suppression, subversion and escape: the role of regulatory T cells in cancer progression. Clin Exp Immunol. 2013;171:36\u201345.","journal-title":"Clin Exp Immunol"},{"key":"2646_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"289","DOI":"10.1007\/s00262-011-1181-5","volume":"61","author":"AA Hurwitz","year":"2012","unstructured":"Hurwitz AA, Watkins SK. Immune suppression in the tumor microenvironment: a role for dendritic cell-mediated tolerization of T cells. Cancer Immunol Immunother. 2012;61:289\u201393.","journal-title":"Cancer Immunol Immunother"},{"key":"2646_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1007\/s10555-011-9280-5","volume":"30","author":"TJ Stewart","year":"2011","unstructured":"Stewart TJ, Smyth MJ. Improving cancer immunotherapy by targeting tumor-induced immune suppression. Cancer Metastasis Rev. 2011;30:125\u201340.","journal-title":"Cancer Metastasis Rev"},{"key":"2646_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3109\/15476910903453296","volume":"7","author":"N ElKassar","year":"2010","unstructured":"ElKassar N, Gress RE. An overview of IL-7 biology and its use in immunotherapy. J Immunotoxicol. 2010;7:1\u20137.","journal-title":"J Immunotoxicol"},{"key":"2646_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7205","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-018-25357-0","volume":"8","author":"T Du","year":"2018","unstructured":"Du T, Zhu L, Levine KM, Tasdemir N, Lee AV, Vignali DAA, et al. Invasive lobular and ductal breast carcinoma differ in immune response, protein translation efficiency and metabolism. Sci Rep. 2018;8:7205.","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"2646_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"McCart Reed AE, Kutasovic JR, Lakhani SR, Simpson PT. Invasive lobular carcinoma of the breast: morphology, biomarkers and \u2019omics. Breast Cancer Res. 2015;17:12.","DOI":"10.1186\/s13058-015-0519-x"},{"key":"2646_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1872","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2015.64.0334","volume":"34","author":"C Desmedt","year":"2016","unstructured":"Desmedt C, Zoppoli G, Gundem G, Pruneri G, Larsimont D, Fornili M, et al. Genomic characterization of primary invasive lobular breast cancer. J Clin Oncol. 2016;34:1872\u201381.","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"key":"2646_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1186\/s12957-020-01893-w","volume":"18","author":"SL Anwar","year":"2020","unstructured":"Anwar SL, Avanti WS, Nugroho AC, et al. Risk factors of distant metastasis after surgery among different breast cancer subtypes: a hospital-based study in Indonesia. World J Surg Onc. 2020;18:117.","journal-title":"World J Surg Onc"},{"issue":"9","key":"2646_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1360","DOI":"10.1158\/1055-9965.EPI-17-0246","volume":"26","author":"HB Nichols","year":"2017","unstructured":"Nichols HB, Schoemaker MJ, Wright LB, McGowan C, Brook MN, McClain KM, et al. The premenopausal breast cancer collaboration: a pooling project of studies participating in the National Cancer Institute Cohort Consortium. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 2017;26(9):1360\u20139.","journal-title":"Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev"},{"issue":"9","key":"2646_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1244","DOI":"10.1038\/s41379-019-0270-4","volume":"32","author":"M Abubakar","year":"2019","unstructured":"Abubakar M, Figueroa J, Ali HR, Blows F, Lissowska J, Caldas C, et al. Combined quantitative measures of ER, PR, HER2, and KI67 provide more prognostic information than categorical combinations in luminal breast cancer. Mod Pathol. 2019;32(9):1244\u201356.","journal-title":"Mod Pathol"},{"key":"2646_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"188","DOI":"10.1186\/s12957-021-02301-7","volume":"19","author":"J Kim","year":"2021","unstructured":"Kim J. In silico analysis of differentially expressed genesets in metastatic breast cancer identifies potential prognostic biomarkers. World J Surg Onc. 2021;19:188.","journal-title":"World J Surg Onc"},{"key":"2646_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"254","DOI":"10.1186\/s12957-020-02026-z","volume":"18","author":"X Zhou","year":"2020","unstructured":"Zhou X, Xiao C, Han T, et al. Prognostic biomarkers related to breast cancer recurrence identified based on Logit model analysis. World J Surg Onc. 2020;18:254.","journal-title":"World J Surg Onc"}],"container-title":["World Journal of Surgical Oncology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12957-022-02646-7.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s12957-022-02646-7\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12957-022-02646-7.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,6]],"date-time":"2022-07-06T06:03:37Z","timestamp":1657087417000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/wjso.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s12957-022-02646-7"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,6]]},"references-count":41,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,12]]}},"alternative-id":["2646"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12957-022-02646-7","relation":{},"ISSN":["1477-7819"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1477-7819","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,6]]},"assertion":[{"value":"16 December 2021","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"28 April 2022","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"6 July 2022","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The study has been carried out in compliance with the Code of Ethics of the Helsinki Declaration, as well as the ethical approval from both institutions: Ethics committee of the University Clinical Center of Kosovo (no. 913\/2; 30 October 2017) and the University Clinical Center Zagreb (no. 02\/21 AG; 02 November 2017). All the participants have been informed about the aim of this study along with safety and security considerations prior to signing the informed consents, as study prerequisites. Moreover, they have been informed about the right to withdraw and ask for their data to be destroyed.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approvals and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"225"}}