{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,6]],"date-time":"2025-08-06T13:38:23Z","timestamp":1754487503503,"version":"3.32.0"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,7]],"date-time":"2025-01-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1736208000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,7]],"date-time":"2025-01-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1736208000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005973","name":"Dr. Mildred Scheel Stiftung f\u00fcr Krebsforschung","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["57584079"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["57584079"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005973","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000781","name":"European Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["771083"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["771083"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000781","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001659","name":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["DFG, FL 865\/2-1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["DFG, FL 865\/2-1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001659","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Universit\u00e4tsklinikum D\u00fcsseldorf. Anstalt \u00f6ffentlichen Rechts"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["World J Surg Onc"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HCC) and cholangiocellular adenocarcinoma (CCA) are the most common primary liver tumors representing a major global health burden. In early disease stages, tumor resection may provide long-term survival in selected patients. However, morbidity and mortality rates are still relatively high after extended liver surgery with perioperative bacterial infections representing major complications. In this study, we evaluate the impact of perioperative infection on the postoperative overall survival (OS) of patients undergoing resection of HCC or CCA.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Material and methods<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Two hundred two patients that received liver surgery for HCC (139) or CCA (63) at our tertiary referral center were included between 2008 and 2020. Infection prior or after surgery was assessed using patient documentation and correlated to patients\u00b4 survival rates and other clinical characteristics.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Patients with perioperative infection displayed a significantly impaired OS compared to patients without a documented infection (419 (95% CI: 262\u2013576) days vs. 959 (95% CI: 637\u20131281) days; log rank X<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>(1)\u2009=\u200910.28; <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.001). Subgroup analysis revealed that this effect was only observed among HCC patients, while the outcome of CCA patients was independent of pre- or postoperative infections. Moreover, non-anatomical resection of liver tumors was beneficial in patients with HCC (1541 (95%CI: 1110\u20131972) vs. 749 (95%CI: 0\u20131528) days; log rank X<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>(1)\u2009=\u20095.387; <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.02) but not CCA.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Perioperative infection is an important prognostic factor after surgery for HCC but not CCA.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12957-024-03651-8","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,7]],"date-time":"2025-01-07T01:22:34Z","timestamp":1736212954000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Perioperative infections as a prognostic risk factor in hepatocellular carcinoma and cholangiocellular carcinoma: a comparative analysis"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"23","author":[{"given":"Markus S.","family":"J\u00f6rdens","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hannah C.","family":"Oswald","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lisa","family":"Heinrichs","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nathalie","family":"Gassmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Linda","family":"Wittig","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tom","family":"Luedde","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sven H.","family":"Loosen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Christoph","family":"Roderburg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wolfram T.","family":"Knoefel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Georg","family":"Fluegen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"3651_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1345","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(22)01200-4","volume":"400","author":"A Vogel","year":"2022","unstructured":"Vogel A, Meyer T, Sapisochin G, Salem R, Saborowski A. Hepatocellular carcinoma. Lancet. 2022;400:1345\u201362.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"3651_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"428","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(21)00153-7","volume":"397","author":"JW Valle","year":"2021","unstructured":"Valle JW, Kelley RK, Nervi B, Oh DY, Zhu AX. Biliary tract cancer. Lancet. 2021;397:428\u201344.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"3651_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"693","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199603143341104","volume":"334","author":"V Mazzaferro","year":"1996","unstructured":"Mazzaferro V, Regalia E, Doci R, Andreola S, Pulvirenti A, Bozzetti F, et al. Liver transplantation for the treatment of small hepatocellular carcinomas in patients with cirrhosis. N Engl J Med. 1996;334:693\u20139.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"3651_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"452","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jamcollsurg.2015.04.009","volume":"221","author":"A Doussot","year":"2015","unstructured":"Doussot A, Groot-Koerkamp B, Wiggers JK, Chou J, Gonen M, DeMatteo RP, et al. Outcomes after Resection of Intrahepatic Cholangiocarcinoma: External Validation and Comparison of Prognostic Models. J Am Coll Surg. 2015;221:452\u201361.","journal-title":"J Am Coll Surg"},{"key":"3651_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1178","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.28744","volume":"64","author":"G Sapisochin","year":"2016","unstructured":"Sapisochin G, Facciuto M, Rubbia-Brandt L, Marti J, Mehta N, Yao FY, et al. Liver transplantation for \u201cvery early\u201d intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma: International retrospective study supporting a prospective assessment. Hepatology. 2016;64:1178\u201388.","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"3651_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rizzo A, Ricci AD. Challenges and Future Trends of Hepatocellular Carcinoma Immunotherapy. Int J Mol Sci 2022;23.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms231911363"},{"key":"3651_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"178","DOI":"10.5582\/bst.2022.01245","volume":"16","author":"H Maki","year":"2022","unstructured":"Maki H, Hasegawa K. Advances in the surgical treatment of liver cancer. Biosci Trends. 2022;16:178\u201388.","journal-title":"Biosci Trends"},{"key":"3651_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/s00595-013-0534-4","volume":"44","author":"T Mizuguchi","year":"2014","unstructured":"Mizuguchi T, Kawamoto M, Meguro M, Hui TT, Hirata K. Preoperative liver function assessments to estimate the prognosis and safety of liver resections. Surg Today. 2014;44:1\u201310.","journal-title":"Surg Today"},{"key":"3651_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"440","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.27745","volume":"62","author":"S Roayaie","year":"2015","unstructured":"Roayaie S, Jibara G, Tabrizian P, Park JW, Yang J, Yan L, et al. The role of hepatic resection in the treatment of hepatocellular cancer. Hepatology. 2015;62:440\u201351.","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"3651_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"122","DOI":"10.1002\/bjs.8957","volume":"100","author":"H Sadamori","year":"2013","unstructured":"Sadamori H, Yagi T, Shinoura S, Umeda Y, Yoshida R, Satoh D, et al. Risk factors for major morbidity after liver resection for hepatocellular carcinoma. Br J Surg. 2013;100:122\u20139.","journal-title":"Br J Surg"},{"key":"3651_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7983","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v19.i44.7983","volume":"19","author":"S Jin","year":"2013","unstructured":"Jin S, Fu Q, Wuyun G, Wuyun T. Management of post-hepatectomy complications. World J Gastroenterol. 2013;19:7983\u201391.","journal-title":"World J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"3651_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1310","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2014.01.024","volume":"60","author":"R Jalan","year":"2014","unstructured":"Jalan R, Fernandez J, Wiest R, Schnabl B, Moreau R, Angeli P, et al. Bacterial infections in cirrhosis: a position statement based on the EASL Special Conference 2013. J Hepatol. 2014;60:1310\u201324.","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"3651_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S1","DOI":"10.1016\/S0168-8278(12)60002-6","volume":"56","author":"J Fernandez","year":"2012","unstructured":"Fernandez J, Gustot T. Management of bacterial infections in cirrhosis. J Hepatol. 2012;56(Suppl 1):S1-12.","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"key":"3651_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"140","DOI":"10.1053\/jhep.2002.30082","volume":"35","author":"J Fernandez","year":"2002","unstructured":"Fernandez J, Navasa M, Gomez J, Colmenero J, Vila J, Arroyo V, et al. Bacterial infections in cirrhosis: epidemiological changes with invasive procedures and norfloxacin prophylaxis. Hepatology. 2002;35:140\u20138.","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"3651_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Arvaniti V, D'Amico G, Fede G, Manousou P, Tsochatzis E, Pleguezuelo M, et al. Infections in patients with cirrhosis increase mortality four-fold and should be used in determining prognosis. Gastroenterology 2010;139:1246\u20131256, 1256 e1241\u20131245.","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2010.06.019"},{"key":"3651_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"574","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2010.11.034","volume":"55","author":"G Tritto","year":"2011","unstructured":"Tritto G, Bechlis Z, Stadlbauer V, Davies N, Frances R, Shah N, et al. Evidence of neutrophil functional defect despite inflammation in stable cirrhosis. J Hepatol. 2011;55:574\u201381.","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"key":"3651_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Doi H, Iyer TK, Carpenter E, Li H, Chang KM, Vonderheide RH, et al. Dysfunctional B-cell activation in cirrhosis resulting from hepatitis C infection associated with disappearance of CD27-positive B-cell population. Hepatology 2012;55:709\u2013719.","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.24689"},{"key":"3651_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"512","DOI":"10.1067\/msy.2000.105294","volume":"127","author":"JN Vauthey","year":"2000","unstructured":"Vauthey JN, Chaoui A, Do KA, Bilimoria MM, Fenstermacher MJ, Charnsangavej C, et al. Standardized measurement of the future liver remnant prior to extended liver resection: methodology and clinical associations. Surgery. 2000;127:512\u20139.","journal-title":"Surgery"},{"key":"3651_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3697","DOI":"10.1245\/s10434-012-2450-z","volume":"19","author":"A Cucchetti","year":"2012","unstructured":"Cucchetti A, Cescon M, Ercolani G, Bigonzi E, Torzilli G, Pinna AD. A comprehensive meta-regression analysis on outcome of anatomic resection versus nonanatomic resection for hepatocellular carcinoma. Ann Surg Oncol. 2012;19:3697\u2013705.","journal-title":"Ann Surg Oncol"},{"key":"3651_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1109","DOI":"10.1007\/s00423-011-0784-9","volume":"396","author":"Y Zhou","year":"2011","unstructured":"Zhou Y, Xu D, Wu L, Li B. Meta-analysis of anatomic resection versus nonanatomic resection for hepatocellular carcinoma. Langenbecks Arch Surg. 2011;396:1109\u201317.","journal-title":"Langenbecks Arch Surg"},{"key":"3651_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"676","DOI":"10.1016\/j.surg.2009.10.043","volume":"147","author":"D Dahiya","year":"2010","unstructured":"Dahiya D, Wu TJ, Lee CF, Chan KM, Lee WC, Chen MF. Minor versus major hepatic resection for small hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in cirrhotic patients: a 20-year experience. Surgery. 2010;147:676\u201385.","journal-title":"Surgery"},{"key":"3651_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1942","DOI":"10.1007\/s10620-012-2114-7","volume":"57","author":"Y Tomimaru","year":"2012","unstructured":"Tomimaru Y, Eguchi H, Marubashi S, Wada H, Kobayashi S, Tanemura M, et al. Equivalent outcomes after anatomical and non-anatomical resection of small hepatocellular carcinoma in patients with preserved liver function. Dig Dis Sci. 2012;57:1942\u20138.","journal-title":"Dig Dis Sci"},{"key":"3651_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1022","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1572-0241.2007.01100.x","volume":"102","author":"F Trevisani","year":"2007","unstructured":"Trevisani F, Magini G, Santi V, Morselli-Labate AM, Cantarini MC, Di Nolfo MA, et al. Impact of etiology of cirrhosis on the survival of patients diagnosed with hepatocellular carcinoma during surveillance. Am J Gastroenterol. 2007;102:1022\u201331.","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"3651_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1038\/s41571-021-00573-2","volume":"19","author":"JM Llovet","year":"2022","unstructured":"Llovet JM, Castet F, Heikenwalder M, Maini MK, Mazzaferro V, Pinato DJ, et al. Immunotherapies for hepatocellular carcinoma. Nat Rev Clin Oncol. 2022;19:151\u201372.","journal-title":"Nat Rev Clin Oncol"},{"key":"3651_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cheng AL, Qin S, Ikeda M, Galle PR, Ducreux M, Kim TY, et al. Updated efficacy and safety data from IMbrave150: Atezolizumab plus bevacizumab vs. sorafenib for unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma. J Hepatol 2022;76:862\u2013873.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2021.11.030"}],"container-title":["World Journal of Surgical Oncology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12957-024-03651-8.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s12957-024-03651-8\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12957-024-03651-8.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,7]],"date-time":"2025-01-07T02:02:10Z","timestamp":1736215330000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/wjso.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s12957-024-03651-8"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,7]]},"references-count":25,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]}},"alternative-id":["3651"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12957-024-03651-8","relation":{},"ISSN":["1477-7819"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1477-7819","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,7]]},"assertion":[{"value":"20 August 2024","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"25 December 2024","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"7 January 2025","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The study was conducted according to the guidelines of the Declaration of Helsinki and approved by the ethics committee of the medical faculty of Heinrich Heine University D\u00fcsseldorf (2021\u20131418). Patient consent was waived owing to the retrospective data selection. This was approved by the ethics committee of the medical faculty of Heinrich Heine University D\u00fcsseldorf (2021\u20131418).","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"9"}}