{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,27]],"date-time":"2026-02-27T04:22:59Z","timestamp":1772166179207,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,3]],"date-time":"2025-11-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1762128000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,3]],"date-time":"2025-11-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1762128000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100009601","name":"Beijing Municipal Administration of Hospitals","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["DFL20180701"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["DFL20180701"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100009601","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100009601","name":"Beijing Municipal Administration of Hospitals","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["DFL20180701"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["DFL20180701"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100009601","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100009601","name":"Beijing Municipal Administration of Hospitals","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["DFL20180701"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["DFL20180701"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100009601","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100009601","name":"Beijing Municipal Administration of Hospitals","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["DFL20180701"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["DFL20180701"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100009601","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100009601","name":"Beijing Municipal Administration of Hospitals","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["DFL20180701"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["DFL20180701"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100009601","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100009601","name":"Beijing Municipal Administration of Hospitals","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["DFL20180701"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["DFL20180701"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100009601","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100009601","name":"Beijing Municipal Administration of Hospitals","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["DFL20180701"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["DFL20180701"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100009601","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100009601","name":"Beijing Municipal Administration of Hospitals","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["DFL20180701"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["DFL20180701"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100009601","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100009601","name":"Beijing Municipal Administration of Hospitals","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["DFL20180701"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["DFL20180701"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100009601","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100009601","name":"Beijing Municipal Administration of Hospitals","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["DFL20180701"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["DFL20180701"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100009601","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100009601","name":"Beijing Municipal Administration of Hospitals","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["DFL20180701"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["DFL20180701"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100009601","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100009601","name":"Beijing Municipal Administration of Hospitals","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["DFL20180701"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["DFL20180701"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100009601","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100009601","name":"Beijing Municipal Administration of Hospitals","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["DFL20180701"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["DFL20180701"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100009601","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["World J Surg Onc"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Malignant peritoneal mesothelioma (MPM) is a highly aggressive peritoneal malignancy with a significant recurrence rate following cytoreductive surgery (CRS) combined with hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC). There is an urgent need to investigate novel therapeutic strategies for MPM. Natural killer (NK) cells exhibit rapid responsiveness in anti-tumor immunity; however, NK cells\u2019 dynamic evolution and clinical significance in MPM remain unclear.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      This study retrospectively enrolled 80 newly diagnosed MPM patients (preoperative group) and 64 patients who underwent CRS\u2009+\u2009HIPEC (postoperative group). The level of NK cells (CD3\n                      <jats:sup>\u2212<\/jats:sup>\n                      CD56\n                      <jats:sup>dim<\/jats:sup>\n                      CD16\n                      <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                      ) in peripheral blood was quantified using flow cytometry. Univariate and multivariate regression analyses were performed to evaluate the association between NK cell counts and clinicopathological characteristics, intraoperative events, and prognosis. A multivariate prediction model for NK cell recovery was established.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      41 patients (51.3%) exhibited decreased NK cell levels preoperatively, which were significantly associated with an increased risk of thrombosis (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.023), intraoperative plasma transfusion (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.004), and prolonged hospitalization duration (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.023). Postoperative dynamic changes in NK cell levels were found to correlate with Karnofsky performance scale (KPS) scores (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.048) and elevated levels of IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, and IL-8 (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.05). Multivariate analysis revealed that the volume of intraoperative plasma transfusion was an independent correlated factor for preoperative NK cell reduction (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.013), while a low KPS score was an independent predictor of postoperative NK cell decline (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.048). Survival analysis indicated that a high perioperative stress score (PSS) (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.015), lymph node metastasis (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.015), significant intraoperative blood loss (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.013), low preoperative CD8\u207a T cell levels (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.001), and reduced postoperative IL-17 expression (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.013) were independent adverse prognostic factors for overall survival (OS). Furthermore, the dynamic NK cell recovery model demonstrated that baseline NK cell levels, peritoneal cancer index (PCI), CD8\u207a T cell status, and postoperative recovery time all significantly influenced the immune remodeling process (all\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.001).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Preoperative NK depletion correlated with thrombosis and surgical risks, while postoperative NK recovery was influenced by KPS, specific cytokines (IL-4\/5\/6\/8), and was significantly enhanced after CRS\u2009+\u2009HIPEC.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12957-025-04019-2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,3]],"date-time":"2025-11-03T10:40:19Z","timestamp":1762166419000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Dynamic evolution of NK cells and immune remodeling mediated by CRS\u2009+\u2009HIPEC: prognostic mechanisms and therapeutic implications for malignant peritoneal mesothelioma"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"23","author":[{"given":"Yi-Tong","family":"Liu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Qi-Di","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xin-Li","family":"Liang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ru","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yan-Dong","family":"Su","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rui","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tian","family":"Wei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"He-Liang","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yu-Bin","family":"Fu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yu-Run","family":"Cui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yang","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bing","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yan","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,3]]},"reference":[{"issue":"13","key":"4019_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e26218","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers13133205","volume":"13","author":"AL D\u00e9sage","year":"2021","unstructured":"D\u00e9sage AL, Karpathiou G, Peoc\u2019h M, Froudarakis ME. The immune microenvironment of malignant pleural mesothelioma: a literature review. Cancers (Basel). 2021;13(13):e26218.","journal-title":"Cancers (Basel)"},{"issue":"1","key":"4019_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers15010229","volume":"15","author":"L Calthorpe","year":"2022","unstructured":"Calthorpe L, Romero-Hernandez F, Miller P, Conroy PC, Hirose K, Kim A, et al. Contemporary trends in malignant peritoneal mesothelioma: incidence and survival in the united States. Cancers (Basel). 2022;15(1):229.","journal-title":"Cancers (Basel)"},{"issue":"19","key":"4019_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers15194704","volume":"15","author":"JB Karpes","year":"2023","unstructured":"Karpes JB, Shamavonian R, Dewhurst S, Cheng E, Wijayawardana R, Ahmadi N, et al. Malignant peritoneal mesothelioma: an in-depth and up-to-date review of pathogenesis, diagnosis, management and future directions. Cancers (Basel). 2023;15(19):4704.","journal-title":"Cancers (Basel)"},{"issue":"1","key":"4019_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejso.2022.08.023","volume":"49","author":"R Yang","year":"2023","unstructured":"Yang R, Su YD, Ma R, Li Y. Clinical epidemiology of peritoneal metastases in China: the construction of professional peritoneal metastases treatment centers based on the prevalence rate. Eur J Surg Oncol. 2023;49(1):173\u20138.","journal-title":"Eur J Surg Oncol"},{"issue":"36","key":"4019_CR5","first-page":"2839","volume":"101","author":"Peritoneal Tumor Committee of Chinese anti-Cancer Association THCoCa-CA, Tumor Hyperthermia Committee of Beijing Cancer Prevention and Control Society","year":"2021","unstructured":"Peritoneal Tumor Committee of Chinese anti-Cancer Association THCoCa-CA, Tumor Hyperthermia Committee of Beijing Cancer Prevention and Control Society. Chinese expert consensus on diagnosis and treatment of diffuse malignant peritoneal mesothelioma. Natl Med J China. 2021;101(36):2839\u201349.","journal-title":"Natl Med J China"},{"issue":"1","key":"4019_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"706","DOI":"10.1080\/02656736.2022.2066728","volume":"39","author":"YD Su","year":"2022","unstructured":"Su YD, Yang ZR, Li XB, Yu Y, Du XM, Li Y. Key factors for successful cytoreductive surgery plus hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy to treat diffuse malignant peritoneal mesothelioma: results from specialized peritoneal cancer center in China. Int J Hyperthermia. 2022;39(1):706\u201312.","journal-title":"Int J Hyperthermia"},{"issue":"4","key":"4019_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2912","DOI":"10.1245\/s10434-024-16485-1","volume":"32","author":"XL Liang","year":"2025","unstructured":"Liang XL, Su YD, Li XB, Fu YB, Ma R, Yang R, et al. Prognostic factors of long-term survival and conditional survival analysis in MPM patients treated with CRS\u2009+\u2009HIPEC: a retrospective study of two centers. Ann Surg Oncol. 2025;32(4):2912\u201322.","journal-title":"Ann Surg Oncol"},{"issue":"5","key":"4019_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1290","DOI":"10.1038\/s41423-020-00574-8","volume":"18","author":"A Crinier","year":"2021","unstructured":"Crinier A, Dumas PY, Escali\u00e8re B, Piperoglou C, Gil L, Villacreces A, et al. Single-cell profiling reveals the trajectories of natural killer cell differentiation in bone marrow and a stress signature induced by acute myeloid leukemia. Cell Mol Immunol. 2021;18(5):1290\u2013304.","journal-title":"Cell Mol Immunol"},{"issue":"11","key":"4019_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"633","DOI":"10.1016\/S1471-4906(01)02060-9","volume":"22","author":"MA Cooper","year":"2001","unstructured":"Cooper MA, Fehniger TA, Caligiuri MA. The biology of human natural killer-cell subsets. Trends Immunol. 2001;22(11):633\u201340.","journal-title":"Trends Immunol"},{"issue":"11","key":"4019_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6547","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.173.11.6547","volume":"173","author":"J Hanna","year":"2004","unstructured":"Hanna J, Bechtel P, Zhai Y, Youssef F, McLachlan K, Mandelboim O. Novel insights on human NK cells\u2019 immunological modalities revealed by gene expression profiling. J Immunol. 2004;173(11):6547\u201363.","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"issue":"12","key":"4019_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"573","DOI":"10.1016\/j.it.2013.07.005","volume":"34","author":"J Yu","year":"2013","unstructured":"Yu J, Freud AG, Caligiuri MA. Location and cellular stages of natural killer cell development. Trends Immunol. 2013;34(12):573\u201382.","journal-title":"Trends Immunol"},{"issue":"6013","key":"4019_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1198687","volume":"331","author":"E Vivier","year":"2011","unstructured":"Vivier E, Raulet DH, Moretta A, Caligiuri MA, Zitvogel L, Lanier LL, et al. Innate or adaptive immunity? The example of natural killer cells. Science. 2011;331(6013):44\u20139.","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"4019_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2278","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2019.02278","volume":"10","author":"I Terr\u00e9n","year":"2019","unstructured":"Terr\u00e9n I, Orrantia A, Vitall\u00e9 J, Zenarruzabeitia O, Borrego F. NK cell metabolism and tumor microenvironment. Front Immunol. 2019;10:2278.","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"4019_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Thangaraj JL, Coffey M, Lopez E, Kaufman DS. Disruption of TGF-\u03b2 signaling pathway is required to mediate effective killing of hepatocellular carcinoma by human iPSC-derived NK cells. Cell Stem Cell. 2024;31(9):1327-43.e5.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.stem.2024.06.009"},{"issue":"8","key":"4019_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"835","DOI":"10.1038\/s41590-020-0728-z","volume":"21","author":"T Bald","year":"2020","unstructured":"Bald T, Krummel MF, Smyth MJ, Barry KC. The NK cell-cancer cycle: advances and new challenges in NK cell-based immunotherapies. Nat Immunol. 2020;21(8):835\u201347.","journal-title":"Nat Immunol"},{"key":"4019_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.canlet.2023.216351","volume":"572","author":"D Mao","year":"2023","unstructured":"Mao D, Zhou Z, Chen H, Liu X, Li D, Chen X, et al. Pleckstrin-2 promotes tumour immune escape from NK cells by activating the MT1-MMP-MICA signalling axis in gastric cancer. Cancer Lett. 2023;572:216351.","journal-title":"Cancer Lett"},{"key":"4019_CR17","unstructured":"CLSI. Enumeration of Immunologically Defined Cell Populations by Flow Gvtometry; ApprovedGuideline-Second Edition. Wayne, PA: Clinical and Laboratory StandardsInstitute. 2007;27:CLSI document H42-A2."},{"key":"4019_CR18","volume-title":"Cytoreductice surgery & perioperative chemotherapy forperitoneal surface malignancy","author":"PH Sugarbaker","year":"2017","unstructured":"Sugarbaker PH. Cytoreductice surgery & perioperative chemotherapy forperitoneal surface malignancy. 2nd ed. Woodbury: Cine-Med Inc; 2017.","edition":"2"},{"issue":"7864","key":"4019_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"566","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-021-03614-z","volume":"594","author":"AL Correia","year":"2021","unstructured":"Correia AL, Guimaraes JC, Auf der Maur P, De Silva D, Trefny MP, Okamoto R, et al. Hepatic stellate cells suppress NK cell-sustained breast cancer dormancy. Nature. 2021;594(7864):566\u201371.","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"10","key":"4019_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2009","DOI":"10.1007\/s00262-020-02590-z","volume":"69","author":"D Krijgsman","year":"2020","unstructured":"Krijgsman D, De Vries NL, Andersen MN, Skovbo A, Tollenaar R, Bastiaannet E, et al. The effects of tumor resection and adjuvant therapy on the peripheral blood immune cell profile in patients with colon carcinoma. Cancer Immunol Immunother. 2020;69(10):2009\u201320.","journal-title":"Cancer Immunol Immunother"},{"issue":"6","key":"4019_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"415","DOI":"10.1038\/cmi.2009.53","volume":"6","author":"Z Li","year":"2009","unstructured":"Li Z, Chen L, Qin Z. Paradoxical roles of IL-4 in tumor immunity. Cell Mol Immunol. 2009;6(6):415\u201322.","journal-title":"Cell Mol Immunol"},{"issue":"1","key":"4019_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6844","DOI":"10.1080\/21655979.2021.1972076","volume":"12","author":"W Li","year":"2021","unstructured":"Li W, Che X, Chen X, Zhou M, Luo X, Liu T. Study of calcitriol anti-aging effects on human natural killer cells in vitro. Bioengineered. 2021;12(1):6844\u201354.","journal-title":"Bioengineered"},{"issue":"1","key":"4019_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cyto.2013.02.005","volume":"62","author":"S Al Omar","year":"2013","unstructured":"Al Omar S, Flanagan BF, Almehmadi M, Christmas SE. The effects of IL-17 upon human natural killer cells. Cytokine. 2013;62(1):123\u201330.","journal-title":"Cytokine"},{"key":"4019_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1581492","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2025.1581492","volume":"16","author":"C Ma","year":"2025","unstructured":"Ma C, Wu W, Zhang P, Xie J. Editorial: Unveiling biomarkers and mechanisms in the tumor-immune nexus. Front Immunol. 2025;16:1581492.","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"4019_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Andrew JC, Tomohiro E, Rachel B, John S, Brett M, Nina B, et al. Landscape of natural killer cell activity in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. J Immunother Cancer. 2021;8(2):e001523.","DOI":"10.1136\/jitc-2020-001523"},{"issue":"10","key":"4019_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1495","DOI":"10.1038\/s41590-022-01315-x","volume":"23","author":"J Dubrot","year":"2022","unstructured":"Dubrot J, Du PP, Lane-Reticker SK, Kessler EA, Muscato AJ, Mehta A, et al. In vivo CRISPR screens reveal the landscape of immune evasion pathways across cancer. Nat Immunol. 2022;23(10):1495\u2013506.","journal-title":"Nat Immunol"}],"container-title":["World Journal of Surgical Oncology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12957-025-04019-2.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s12957-025-04019-2","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12957-025-04019-2.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,29]],"date-time":"2026-01-29T09:22:06Z","timestamp":1769678526000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1186\/s12957-025-04019-2"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,3]]},"references-count":26,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]}},"alternative-id":["4019"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12957-025-04019-2","relation":{"has-preprint":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.21203\/rs.3.rs-6288852\/v1","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["1477-7819"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1477-7819","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,3]]},"assertion":[{"value":"23 March 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"6 September 2025","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"3 November 2025","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"29 January 2026","order":5,"name":"change_date","label":"Change Date","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"Update","order":6,"name":"change_type","label":"Change Type","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"The original article has been updated: Order of affiliations of the last author were interchanged.","order":7,"name":"change_details","label":"Change Details","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The study was approved by the Medical Ethics Committee of Beijing Shijitan Hospital (2015- [28]). All procedures performed in studies involving human participants were by the ethical standards of the institutional and\/or national research committee and with the 1964 Helsinki Declaration and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards. The consent to participate was waived due to the retrospective nature of this study.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"416"}}