{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,24]],"date-time":"2026-10-24T00:13:57Z","timestamp":1792800837446,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,6]],"date-time":"2026-04-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1775433600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,14]],"date-time":"2026-05-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1778716800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":38,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"name":"Ningbo Top Medical and Health Research Program","award":["Grant No. 2022010101"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Grant No. 2022010101"]}]},{"name":"Ningbo Top Medical and Health Research Program","award":["Grant No. 2022010101"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Grant No. 2022010101"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"The Joint Funds of the National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["U23A20458"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U23A20458"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Intestinal Microecology and Major Human Diseases in Ningbo","award":["No. 2023016"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["No. 2023016"]}]},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Intestinal Microecology and Major Human Diseases in Ningbo","award":["No. 2023016"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["No. 2023016"]}]},{"name":"Yujie Li, The Joint Funds of the National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["U23A20458"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U23A20458"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01h0zpd94","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["World J Surg Onc"],"DOI":"10.1186\/s12957-026-04333-3","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,6]],"date-time":"2026-04-06T09:55:28Z","timestamp":1775469328000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Isolated splenic metastasis from colorectal cancer: clinical characteristics and management"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"Yujie","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jingna","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,6]]},"reference":[{"issue":"10","key":"4333_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1797","DOI":"10.1038\/s41416-023-02213-1","volume":"128","author":"J Ros","year":"2023","unstructured":"Ros J, Salva F, Dopazo C, et al. Liver transplantation in metastatic colorectal cancer: are we ready for it? Br J Cancer. 2023;128(10):1797\u2013806.","journal-title":"Br J Cancer"},{"issue":"4","key":"4333_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"523","DOI":"10.1097\/DCR.0000000000003036","volume":"67","author":"S Kim","year":"2024","unstructured":"Kim S, Huh JW, Lee WY, et al. Pulmonary Metastasis as the First Site of Metastasis After Curative Surgery for Colon Cancer: Incidence and Risk Factors According to the TNM Stage. Dis Colon Rectum. 2024;67(4):523\u201330.","journal-title":"Dis Colon Rectum"},{"key":"4333_CR3","first-page":"499","volume":"82","author":"T Berge","year":"1974","unstructured":"Berge T. Splenic metastases: frequencies and patterns. Acta Pathol Microbiol Scand A. 1974;82:499\u2013506.","journal-title":"Acta Pathol Microbiol Scand A"},{"key":"4333_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"667","DOI":"10.1007\/s00432-008-0502-3","volume":"135","author":"J Sauer","year":"2009","unstructured":"Sauer J, Sobolewski K, Dommisch K. Splenic metastases\u2014not a frequent problem, but an underestimate location of metastases. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol. 2009;135:667\u201371.","journal-title":"J Cancer Res Clin Oncol"},{"key":"4333_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2011.09.033","volume":"78","author":"M Peters","year":"2012","unstructured":"Peters M. Why the spleen is a very rare site for metastases from epithelial cancers. Med Hypotheses. 2012;78:26\u20138.","journal-title":"Med Hypotheses"},{"key":"4333_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"965","DOI":"10.5858\/2007-131-965-SMCPDD","volume":"131","author":"E Comperat","year":"2007","unstructured":"Comperat E, Bardier-Dupas A, Camparo P, et al. Splenic metastases: clinicopathologic presentation, differential diagnosis, and pathogenesis. Arch Pathol Lab Med. 2007;131:965\u20139.","journal-title":"Arch Pathol Lab Med"},{"key":"4333_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"306","DOI":"10.1007\/s10147-010-0182-2","volume":"16","author":"GS Abi Saad","year":"2011","unstructured":"Abi Saad GS, Hussein M, El-Saghir NS, et al. Isolated splenic metastasis from colorectal cancer. Int J Clin Oncol. 2011;16:306\u201313.","journal-title":"Int J Clin Oncol"},{"key":"4333_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"341","DOI":"10.1093\/jjco\/hye065","volume":"31","author":"T Okuyama","year":"2001","unstructured":"Okuyama T, Oya M, Ishikawa H. Isolated splenic metastasis of sigmoid colon cancer: a case report. Jpn J Clin Oncol. 2001;31:341\u20135.","journal-title":"Jpn J Clin Oncol"},{"key":"4333_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dunbar WH, Beahrs OH, Morlock CG. Solitary splenic metastasis incidental to rectal carcinoma: report of a case. Mayo Clin Proc. 1969;44:40\u201345.","DOI":"10.1016\/S0025-6196(25)05245-0"},{"key":"4333_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1097\/00003072-198201000-00002","volume":"7","author":"RM Waller 3rd","year":"1982","unstructured":"Waller RM 3rd, Fajman WA. An unusual cause of an isolated, focal splenic defect demonstrated by liver-spleen scintigraphy. Clin Nucl Med. 1982;7:5\u20137.","journal-title":"Clin Nucl Med"},{"key":"4333_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"491","DOI":"10.1097\/00003072-198607000-00006","volume":"11","author":"JD Slavin Jr","year":"1986","unstructured":"Slavin JD Jr, Mathews J, Spencer RP. Splenectomy for splenic metastasis from carcinoma of colon. Clin Nucl Med. 1986;11:491\u20132.","journal-title":"Clin Nucl Med"},{"key":"4333_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1003","DOI":"10.1097\/00007611-199210000-00017","volume":"85","author":"PJ Capizzi","year":"1992","unstructured":"Capizzi PJ, Allen KB, Amerson JR, et al. Isolated splenic metastasis from rectal carcinoma. South Med J. 1992;85:1003\u20135.","journal-title":"South Med J"},{"key":"4333_CR13","first-page":"485","volume":"19","author":"SM Thomas","year":"1993","unstructured":"Thomas SM, Fitzgerald JB, Pollock RE, et al. Isolated splenic metastases from colon carcinoma. Eur J Surg Oncol. 1993;19:485\u201390.","journal-title":"Eur J Surg Oncol"},{"key":"4333_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"633","DOI":"10.1097\/00007611-199706000-00010","volume":"90","author":"R Indudhara","year":"1997","unstructured":"Indudhara R, Vogt D, Levin HS, et al. Isolated splenic metastases from colon cancer. South Med J. 1997;90:633\u20136.","journal-title":"South Med J"},{"key":"4333_CR15","first-page":"139","volume":"81","author":"R Achuthan","year":"1999","unstructured":"Achuthan R, Joseph A, Haray PN. Splenic metastasis from a rectal tumour: an unusual presentation. Ann R Coll Surg Engl. 1999;81:139.","journal-title":"Ann R Coll Surg Engl"},{"key":"4333_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1345","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02234228","volume":"42","author":"BK Weathers","year":"1999","unstructured":"Weathers BK, Modesto VL, Gordon D. Isolated splenic metastasis from colorectal carcinoma: report of a case and review of the literature. Dis Colon Rectum. 1999;42:1345\u20138.","journal-title":"Dis Colon Rectum"},{"key":"4333_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"454","DOI":"10.1177\/000313480106700515","volume":"67","author":"RJ Place","year":"2001","unstructured":"Place RJ. Isolated colon cancer metastasis to the spleen. Am Surg. 2001;67:454\u20137.","journal-title":"Am Surg"},{"key":"4333_CR18","first-page":"811","volume":"58","author":"M Genna","year":"2003","unstructured":"Genna M, Leopardi F, Valloncini E, et al. Metachronous splenic metastasis of colon cancer: a case report. Minerva Chir. 2003;58:811\u20134.","journal-title":"Minerva Chir"},{"key":"4333_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"98","DOI":"10.1007\/s12029-007-0007-3","volume":"37","author":"S Avninder","year":"2006","unstructured":"Avninder S, Bhatnagar A, Agrawal U, et al. Isolated splenic metastasis from colorectal mucinous carcinoma. Int J Gastrointest Cancer. 2006;37:98\u2013101.","journal-title":"Int J Gastrointest Cancer"},{"key":"4333_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.1186\/1477-7819-4-42","volume":"4","author":"R Gencosmanoglu","year":"2006","unstructured":"Gencosmanoglu R, Aker F, Kir G, et al. Isolated metachronous splenic metastasis from synchronous colon cancer. World J Surg Oncol. 2006;4:42.","journal-title":"World J Surg Oncol"},{"key":"4333_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"981","DOI":"10.1007\/s11605-007-0326-5","volume":"12","author":"P Bigot","year":"2008","unstructured":"Bigot P, Goodman C, Hamy A, et al. Isolated splenic metastasis from colorectal cancer: report of a case. J Gastrointest Surg. 2008;12:981\u20132.","journal-title":"J Gastrointest Surg"},{"key":"4333_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"422","DOI":"10.1177\/030089160809400322","volume":"94","author":"S Montemurro","year":"2008","unstructured":"Montemurro S, Maselli E, Ruggieri E, et al. Isolated splenic metastasis from colon cancer: report of a case. Tumori. 2008;94:422\u20135.","journal-title":"Tumori"},{"key":"4333_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"445","DOI":"10.1007\/s12094-008-0230-9","volume":"10","author":"JM Gasent Blesa","year":"2008","unstructured":"Gasent Blesa JM, de la Morena E, Laforga Canales JB, et al. Clinical case report and literature review: metachronous colorectal splenic metastases. Clin Transl Oncol. 2008;10:445\u20137.","journal-title":"Clin Transl Oncol"},{"key":"4333_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"733","DOI":"10.1097\/SMJ.0b013e3181a93c39","volume":"102","author":"P Sileri","year":"2009","unstructured":"Sileri P, D\u2019Ugo S, Benavoli D, et al. Metachronous splenic metastasis from colonic carcinoma five years after surgery: a case report and literature review. South Med J. 2009;102:733\u20135.","journal-title":"South Med J"},{"key":"4333_CR25","first-page":"287","volume":"34","author":"Z Busi\u0107","year":"2010","unstructured":"Busi\u0107 Z, Cupurdija K, Kolovrat M, et al. Isolated splenic metastasis from colon cancer: case report and literature review. Coll Antropol. 2010;34:287\u201390.","journal-title":"Coll Antropol"},{"key":"4333_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"452","DOI":"10.4318\/tjg.2010.0136","volume":"21","author":"V Gen\u00e7","year":"2010","unstructured":"Gen\u00e7 V, Akbari M, Karaca AS, et al. Why is isolated spleen metastasis a rare entity? Turk J Gastroenterol. 2010;21:452\u20133.","journal-title":"Turk J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"4333_CR27","first-page":"44","volume":"10","author":"M El","year":"2011","unstructured":"El M, Brahmi FZ, Rachidi SA. Splenic metastasis from colonic adenocarcinoma: about a case and literature review. Pan Afr Med J. 2011;10:44.","journal-title":"Pan Afr Med J"},{"key":"4333_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"795","DOI":"10.1007\/s10151-016-1526-3","volume":"20","author":"K Altaf","year":"2016","unstructured":"Altaf K, Mckernan G, Skaife P, et al. Splenic metastasis in colorectal cancer. Tech Coloproctol. 2016;20:795\u20136.","journal-title":"Tech Coloproctol"},{"key":"4333_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4610","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v22.i18.4610","volume":"22","author":"J Abdou","year":"2016","unstructured":"Abdou J, Omor Y, Boutayeb S, et al. Isolated splenic metastasis from colon cancer: case report. World J Gastroenterol. 2016;22:4610\u20134.","journal-title":"World J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"4333_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"rjw175","DOI":"10.1093\/jscr\/rjw175","volume":"2016","author":"B Efared","year":"2016","unstructured":"Efared B, Mazti A, Atsame-Ebang G, et al. An unusual site of metastasis: splenic metastasis from a colon cancer. J Surg Case Rep. 2016;2016:rjw175.","journal-title":"J Surg Case Rep"},{"key":"4333_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1007\/s12029-017-9992-z","volume":"50","author":"F Rizzo","year":"2019","unstructured":"Rizzo F, Calamia S, Mingoia G, et al. Isolated Metachronous Splenic Metastasis from Colon Cancer: Possible Explanations for This Rare Entity. J Gastrointest Cancer. 2019;50:143\u20136.","journal-title":"J Gastrointest Cancer"},{"key":"4333_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3320","DOI":"10.12998\/wjcc.v8.i15.3320","volume":"8","author":"L Hu","year":"2020","unstructured":"Hu L, Zhu JY, Fang L, et al. Isolated metachronous splenic multiple metastases after colon cancer surgery: a case report and literature review. World J Clin Cases. 2020;8:3320\u20138.","journal-title":"World J Clin Cases"},{"key":"4333_CR33","first-page":"91","volume":"4","author":"VZ Totikov","year":"2022","unstructured":"Totikov VZ, Totikov ZV, Remizov OV, et al. Isolated splenic metastasis from colorectal cancer. Khirurgiia (Mosk). 2022;4:91\u20135.","journal-title":"Khirurgiia (Mosk)"},{"key":"4333_CR34","first-page":"3618","volume":"8","author":"C Ramos","year":"2023","unstructured":"Ramos C, Santos V, Lopes AS, et al. Isolated Splenic Metastasis from Colon Cancer: Case Report. Clin Surg. 2023;8:3618.","journal-title":"Clin Surg"},{"key":"4333_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e32493","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000032493","volume":"102","author":"J Xu","year":"2023","unstructured":"Xu J, He Y, Cai Y, et al. Isolated splenic metastases from rectal carcinoma 5 years after surgery: case report. Med (Baltim). 2023;102:e32493.","journal-title":"Med (Baltim)"},{"key":"4333_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1563632","DOI":"10.3389\/fonc.2025.1563632","volume":"15","author":"P Ren","year":"2025","unstructured":"Ren P, Shi Y, Zhang L, et al. Isolated metachronous splenic metastasis after rectal cancer surgery: a case report and literature review. Front Oncol. 2025;15:1563632.","journal-title":"Front Oncol"},{"key":"4333_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"710","DOI":"10.1016\/j.asjsur.2023.09.171","volume":"47","author":"Y Hong","year":"2024","unstructured":"Hong Y, Li H, Teng F, et al. Isolated splenic metastasis from rectal cancer 12 years after surgery: a rare occurrence. Asian J Surg. 2024;47:710\u20131.","journal-title":"Asian J Surg"},{"key":"4333_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"311","DOI":"10.1097\/00000421-200106000-00021","volume":"24","author":"EC Avesani","year":"2001","unstructured":"Avesani EC, Cioffi U, De Simone M, et al. Synchronous isolated splenic metastasis from colon carcinoma. Am J Clin Oncol. 2001;24:311\u20132.","journal-title":"Am J Clin Oncol"},{"key":"4333_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5516","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v13.i41.5516","volume":"13","author":"A Pisanu","year":"2007","unstructured":"Pisanu A, Ravarino A, Nieddu R, et al. Synchronous isolated splenic metastasis from colon carcinoma and concomitant splenic abscess: a case report and review of the literature. World J Gastroenterol. 2007;13:5516\u201320.","journal-title":"World J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"4333_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e15016","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000015016","volume":"98","author":"H Zhao","year":"2019","unstructured":"Zhao H, Zhong W, Chen D, et al. Synchronous isolated splenic metastasis from cancer of hepatic flexure of colon: a case report. Med (Baltim). 2019;98:e15016.","journal-title":"Med (Baltim)"},{"key":"4333_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"619","DOI":"10.9738\/INTSURG-D-20-00031.1","volume":"105","author":"H Yokokawa","year":"2021","unstructured":"Yokokawa H, Imaizumi R, Ito Y, et al. An Octogenarian Case of Sequential Laparoscopic Surgery for Synchronous Isolated Splenic Metastasis From Cancer of the Cecum. Int Surg. 2021;105:619\u201322.","journal-title":"Int Surg"},{"key":"4333_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e29613","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000029613","volume":"101","author":"L Zhao","year":"2022","unstructured":"Zhao L, Sui M, Li J, et al. Case report of isolated synchronous multiple splenic metastases from rectal cancer: a case report and brief review of the literature. Med (Baltim). 2022;101:e29613.","journal-title":"Med (Baltim)"},{"key":"4333_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1080","DOI":"10.1097\/RLU.0000000000005876","volume":"50","author":"X Ji","year":"2025","unstructured":"Ji X, Dong A. FDG PET\/CT in Two Patients With Isolated Splenic Metastasis From Colorectal Cancer. Clin Nucl Med. 2025;50:1080\u20132.","journal-title":"Clin Nucl Med"},{"key":"4333_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2362","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm13082362","volume":"13","author":"BM Tivadar","year":"2024","unstructured":"Tivadar BM, Dumitrascu T, Vasilescu C. A Glimpse into the Role and Effectiveness of Splenectomy for Isolated Metachronous Spleen Metastasis of Colorectal Cancer Origin: Long-Term Survivals Can Be Achieved. J Clin Med. 2024;13:2362.","journal-title":"J Clin Med"},{"key":"4333_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1097\/RLU.0000000000001437","volume":"42","author":"L Gilardi","year":"2017","unstructured":"Gilardi L, Vadrucci M. Isolated Metachronous Splenic Metastasis From Colon Cancer Found by 18F-FDG PET\/CT. Clin Nucl Med. 2017;42:79\u201380.","journal-title":"Clin Nucl Med"},{"key":"4333_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"188","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trecan.2022.11.002","volume":"9","author":"UF Azubuike","year":"2023","unstructured":"Azubuike UF, Tanner K. Biophysical determinants of cancer organotropism. Trends Cancer. 2023;9:188\u201397.","journal-title":"Trends Cancer"},{"key":"4333_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"351","DOI":"10.1038\/s42003-025-07798-2","volume":"8","author":"J Geng","year":"2025","unstructured":"Geng J, Xie M, Yan M, et al. Invariant NK T cells counteract HCC metastasis by mediating the migration of splenic CD4+ T cells into the white pulp and infiltration of B cells. Commun Biol. 2025;8:351.","journal-title":"Commun Biol"},{"key":"4333_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"382","DOI":"10.5306\/wjco.v12.i5.382","volume":"12","author":"E Bolzacchini","year":"2021","unstructured":"Bolzacchini E, Nigro O, Inversini D, et al. Intestinal metastasis from breast cancer: Presentation, treatment and survival from a systematic literature review. World J Clin Oncol. 2021;12:382\u201392.","journal-title":"World J Clin Oncol"},{"key":"4333_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.1007\/s10585-023-10207-9","volume":"40","author":"ID Nagtegaal","year":"2023","unstructured":"Nagtegaal ID, Snoek JAA, Bult P, et al. The value of case reports in rare oncological scenarios: mixed method analysis of colorectal metastases from breast cancer. Clin Exp Metastasis. 2023;40:205\u201316.","journal-title":"Clin Exp Metastasis"}],"container-title":["World Journal of Surgical Oncology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s12957-026-04333-3","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12957-026-04333-3.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12957-026-04333-3.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,14]],"date-time":"2026-05-14T05:19:00Z","timestamp":1778735940000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1186\/s12957-026-04333-3"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,6]]},"references-count":49,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]}},"alternative-id":["4333"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12957-026-04333-3","relation":{},"ISSN":["1477-7819"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1477-7819","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,6]]},"assertion":[{"value":"15 February 2026","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"31 March 2026","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"6 April 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"This study was conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki (World Medical Association). The study was formally approved by the Ethics Committee of Ningbo No.2 Hospital (Approval No.: PJ-NBEY-KY-2025-126-01; Approval Date: June 24, 2025). Written informed consent was obtained from the individual patient included in this case report for participation in the study, as well as for the publication of clinical details, radiological and pathological images associated with this research. All personally identifiable patient information has been de-identified to protect the patient\u2019s privacy.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"208"}}