{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,28]],"date-time":"2026-10-28T21:34:14Z","timestamp":1793223254603,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,11]],"date-time":"2020-08-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1597104000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,11]],"date-time":"2020-08-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1597104000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Reprod Biol Endocrinol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title><jats:p>Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is one of the most common endocrine disorders in reproductive-aged women. It is reported that intrauterine exposure to hyperandrogenism may induce the development of PCOS and associated complications in later life. To analyze the intrauterine androgen levels in infants born to PCOS mothers, we evaluated the androgen levels in fetal cord blood through a meta-analysis of observational studies.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Material and methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>The following online databases were systematically searched: PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane library databases and Web of Science up to December 2019. Human studies compared cord blood androgen levels, including testosterone (T) and androstenedione (ADION), in fetal cord blood of mothers with and without PCOS. Statistical analysis was performed in Review Manager, Version 5.3, with the inverse variance method based on a random-effects model.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>A total of 7 articles were scrutinized and a total of 570 samples including 268 female and 222 male infants were qualified for review. In the mass spectrograph (MS) subgroup, PCOS mothers showed no signs of increased T concentration in umbilical cord blood at birth (4 studies; hazard ratio [HR]\u2009=\u2009\u2212\u20090.05; 95% confidence interval [CI]\u2009=\u2009[\u2212\u20090.33,0.24]; I<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\u00a0=\u20097%;<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.75; fixed-effects model). ADION level tends to be lower in daughters\u2019 cord blood of PCOS mothers (3 studies; HR\u2009=\u2009-0.59; 95%CI\u2009=\u2009[\u2212\u20091.00, \u2212\u20090.19]; I<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\u00a0=\u20090%;<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.004; fixed-effects model).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Fetal cord blood T level is not related to PCOS, while ADION levels tend to be lower in the cord blood of daughters born to mothers with PCOS.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12958-020-00634-8","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,11]],"date-time":"2020-08-11T09:25:35Z","timestamp":1597137935000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Androgen levels in the fetal cord blood of children born to women with polycystic ovary syndrome: a meta-analysis"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"Changling","family":"Duan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tianjiao","family":"Pei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yujing","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qi","family":"Cao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hanxiao","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0464-0916","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jing","family":"Fu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"634_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2011.09.024","volume":"97","author":"BCJM Fauser","year":"2012","unstructured":"Fauser BCJM, Tarlatzis BC, Rebar RW, et al. Consensus on women\u2019s health aspects of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS): the Amsterdam ESHRE\/ASRM-sponsored 3rd PCOS consensus workshop group. Fertil Steril. 2012;97:28\u201338. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2011.09.024.","journal-title":"Fertil Steril"},{"key":"634_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2003.10.004","volume":"81","author":"Rotterdam ESHRE\/ASRM-Sponsored PCOS Consensus Workshop Group","year":"2004","unstructured":"Rotterdam ESHRE\/ASRM-Sponsored PCOS Consensus Workshop Group. Revised 2003 consensus on diagnostic criteria and long-term health risks related to polycystic ovary syndrome. Fertil Steril. 2004;81:19\u201325. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2003.10.004.","journal-title":"Fertil Steril"},{"key":"634_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1444","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2014.08.001","volume":"102","author":"NM Daan","year":"2014","unstructured":"Daan NM, Louwers YV, Koster MP, et al. Cardiovascular and metabolic profiles amongst different polycystic ovary syndrome phenotypes: who is really at risk? Fertil Steril. 2014;102:1444\u201351. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2014.08.001.","journal-title":"Fertil Steril"},{"key":"634_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"278","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2605.2005.00623.x","volume":"29","author":"S Franks","year":"2006","unstructured":"Franks S, McCarthy MI, Hardy K. Development of polycystic ovary syndrome: involvement of genetic and environmental factors. Int J Androl. 2006;29:278\u201385; discussion 286-90. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1365-2605.2005.00623.x.","journal-title":"Int J Androl"},{"key":"634_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Barber TM, Stephen F. Genetics of polycystic ovary syndrome, eLS: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd; 2016.","DOI":"10.1002\/9780470015902.a0026529"},{"key":"634_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2100","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2005-1494","volume":"91","author":"JM Vink","year":"2006","unstructured":"Vink JM, Sadrzadeh S, Lambalk CB, Boomsma DI. Heritability of polycystic ovary syndrome in a Dutch twin-family study. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2006;91:2100\u20134. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1210\/jc.2005-1494.","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"634_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2306","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2009-2703","volume":"95","author":"KG Ewens","year":"2010","unstructured":"Ewens KG, Stewart DR, Ankener W, et al. Family-based analysis of candidate genes for polycystic ovary syndrome. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2010;95:2306\u201315. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1210\/jc.2009-2703.","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"634_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mce.2013.01.013","volume":"373","author":"DH Abbott","year":"2013","unstructured":"Abbott DH, Nicol LE, Levine JE, Xu N, Goodarzi MO, Dumesic DA. Nonhuman primate models of polycystic ovary syndrome. Mol Cell Endocrinol. 2013;373:21\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.mce.2013.01.013.","journal-title":"Mol Cell Endocrinol"},{"key":"634_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0031-1275519","volume":"29","author":"P Vasantha","year":"2011","unstructured":"Vasantha P, Almudena VL. Developmental origin of reproductive and metabolic dysfunctions: androgenic versus estrogenic reprogramming. Semin Reprod Med. 2011;29:173\u201386. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1055\/s-0031-1275519.","journal-title":"Semin Reprod Med"},{"key":"634_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1095\/biolreprod.111.097808","volume":"86","author":"KA Walters","year":"2012","unstructured":"Walters KA, Allan CM, Handelsman DJ. Rodent models for human polycystic ovary syndrome. Biol Reprod. 2012;86:149. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1095\/biolreprod.111.097808.","journal-title":"Biol Reprod"},{"key":"634_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1080\/19396368.2018.1537385","volume":"65","author":"L Detti","year":"2019","unstructured":"Detti L, Christiansen ME, Francillon L, et al. Serum anti-M\u00fcllerian hormone (AMH) in mothers with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and their term fetuses. Syst Biol Reprod Med. 2019;65:147\u201354. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/19396368.2018.1537385.","journal-title":"Syst Biol Reprod Med"},{"key":"634_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1530\/EJE-15-0699","volume":"174","author":"MR Caanen","year":"2015","unstructured":"Caanen MR, Kuijper EA, Hompes PG, et al. Mass spectrometry methods measured androgen and estrogen concentrations during pregnancy and in newborns of mothers with polycystic ovary syndrome. Eur J Endocrinol. 2015;174:25\u201332. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1530\/EJE-15-0699.","journal-title":"Eur J Endocrinol"},{"key":"634_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2012.10.015","volume":"166","author":"M Maliqueo","year":"2013","unstructured":"Maliqueo M, Lara HE, S\u00e1nchez F, Echibur\u00fa B, Crisosto N, Sir-Petermann T. Placental steroidogenesis in pregnant women with polycystic ovary syndrome. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol. 2013;166:151\u20135. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2012.10.015.","journal-title":"Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol"},{"key":"634_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2573","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/17.10.2573","volume":"17","author":"T Sir-Petermann","year":"2002","unstructured":"Sir-Petermann T, Maliqueo M, Angel B, Lara HE, P\u00e9rez-Bravo F, Recabarren SE. Maternal serum androgens in pregnant women with polycystic ovarian syndrome: possible implications in prenatal androgenization. Hum Reprod. 2002;17:2573\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/humrep\/17.10.2573.","journal-title":"Hum Reprod"},{"key":"634_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"261","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2016.09.042","volume":"107","author":"NM Daan","year":"2017","unstructured":"Daan NM, Koster MP, Steegers-Theunissen RP, Eijkemans MJ, Fauser BC. Endocrine and cardiometabolic cord blood characteristics of offspring born to mothers with and without polycystic ovary syndrome. Fertil Steril. 2017;107:261\u2013268.e3. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2016.09.042.","journal-title":"Fertil Steril"},{"key":"634_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.1200\/JOP.2012.000527","volume":"17","author":"F Mehrabian","year":"2012","unstructured":"Mehrabian F, Kelishadi R. Comparison of the metabolic parameters and androgen level of umbilical cord blood in newborns of mothers with polycystic ovary syndrome and controls. J Res Med Sci. 2012;17:207\u201311. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1200\/JOP.2012.000527.","journal-title":"J Res Med Sci"},{"key":"634_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2180","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2009-2651","volume":"95","author":"H Anderson","year":"2010","unstructured":"Anderson H, Fogel N, Grebe SK, Singh RJ, Taylor RL, Dunaif A. Infants of women with polycystic ovary syndrome have lower cord blood androstenedione and estradiol levels. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2010;95:2180\u20136. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1210\/jc.2009-2651.","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"634_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"444","DOI":"10.3109\/01443615.2010.485254","volume":"30","author":"JA Barry","year":"2010","unstructured":"Barry JA, Kay AR, Navaratnarajah R, et al. Umbilical vein testosterone in female infants born to mothers with polycystic ovary syndrome is elevated to male levels. J Obstet Gynaecol. 2010;30:444\u20136. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3109\/01443615.2010.485254.","journal-title":"J Obstet Gynaecol"},{"key":"634_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2288-14-135","volume":"14","author":"X Wan","year":"2014","unstructured":"Wan X, Wang W, Liu J, Tong T. Estimating the sample mean and standard deviation from the sample size, median, range and\/or interquartile range. BMC Med Res Methodol. 2014;14:135. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/1471-2288-14-135.","journal-title":"BMC Med Res Methodol"},{"key":"634_CR20","first-page":"377","volume-title":"Polycystic ovary syndrome","author":"JK Zawadzki","year":"1992","unstructured":"Zawadzki JK, Dunaif A. Diagnostic criteria for polycystic ovary syndrome: towards a rational approach. In: Dunaif AGJ, Haseltine F, editors. Polycystic ovary syndrome. Boston: Blackwell Scientific; 1992. p. 377\u201384."},{"key":"634_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"375","DOI":"10.1089\/met.2011.0019","volume":"9","author":"I Anaforoglu","year":"2011","unstructured":"Anaforoglu I, Algun E, Incecayir O, Ersoy K. Higher metabolic risk with National Institutes of Health versus Rotterdam diagnostic criteria for polycystic ovarian syndrome in Turkish women. Metab Syndr Relat Disord. 2011;9:375\u201380.","journal-title":"Metab Syndr Relat Disord"},{"key":"634_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3067","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/des232","volume":"27","author":"BO Yildiz","year":"2012","unstructured":"Yildiz BO, Bozdag G, Yapici Z, Esinler I, Yarali H. Prevalence, phenotype and cardiometabolic risk of polycystic ovary syndrome under different diagnostic criteria. Hum Reprod. 2012;27:3067\u201373.","journal-title":"Hum Reprod"},{"key":"634_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"618","DOI":"10.1093\/humupd\/dms030","volume":"18","author":"SS Lim","year":"2012","unstructured":"Lim SS, Davies MJ, Norman RJ, Moran LJ. Overweight, obesity and central obesity in women with polycystic ovary syndrome: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Hum Reprod Update. 2012;18:618\u201337.","journal-title":"Hum Reprod Update"},{"key":"634_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"405","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2006-1864","volume":"92","author":"W Rosner","year":"2007","unstructured":"Rosner W, Auchus RJ, Azziz R, Sluss PM, Raff H. Position statement: utility, limitations, and pitfalls in measuring testosterone: an Endocrine Society position statement. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2007;92:405\u201313. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1210\/jc.2006-1864.","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"634_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"778","DOI":"10.1373\/clinchem.2004.031492","volume":"50","author":"FZ Stanczyk","year":"2004","unstructured":"Stanczyk FZ. Reliability of extraction\/chromatography RIAs. Clin Chem. 2004;50:778. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1373\/clinchem.2004.031492.","journal-title":"Clin Chem"},{"key":"634_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1250","DOI":"10.1373\/49.8.1250","volume":"49","author":"DA Herold","year":"2003","unstructured":"Herold DA, Fitzgerald RL. Immunoassays for testosterone in women: better than a guess? Clin Chem. 2003;49:1250\u20131. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1373\/49.8.1250.","journal-title":"Clin Chem"},{"key":"634_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"489","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-60761-459-3_48","volume":"603","author":"RL Fitzgerald","year":"2010","unstructured":"Fitzgerald RL, Griffin TL, Herold DA. Analysis of testosterone in serum using mass spectrometry. Methods Mol Biol. 2010;603:489\u2013500. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-1-60761-459-3_48.","journal-title":"Methods Mol Biol"},{"key":"634_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"795","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ogc.2004.08.009","volume":"31","author":"CB Kallen","year":"2004","unstructured":"Kallen CB. Steroid hormone synthesis in pregnancy. Obstet Gynecol Clin N Am. 2004;31:795\u2013816, x. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ogc.2004.08.009.","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol Clin N Am"},{"key":"634_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"456","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2008.06.035","volume":"91","author":"R Azziz","year":"2009","unstructured":"Azziz R, Carmina E, Dewailly D, et al. The androgen excess and PCOS society criteria for the polycystic ovary syndrome: the complete task force report. Fertil Steril. 2009;91:456\u201388. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2008.06.035.","journal-title":"Fertil Steril"},{"key":"634_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1027","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2013-3399","volume":"99","author":"MW O\u2019Reilly","year":"2014","unstructured":"O\u2019Reilly MW, Taylor AE, Crabtree NJ, et al. Hyperandrogenemia predicts metabolic phenotype in polycystic ovary syndrome: the utility of serum androstenedione. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2014;99:1027\u201336. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1210\/jc.2013-3399.","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"634_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1097\/JSM.0b013e31829611b1","volume":"63","author":"A Pa\u0161kov\u00e1","year":"2013","unstructured":"Pa\u0161kov\u00e1 A, Pa\u0159\u00edzek A, Hill M, et al. Steroid metabolome in the umbilical cord: is it necessary to differentiate between arterial and venous blood? Physiol Res. 2013;63:115\u201326. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/JSM.0b013e31829611b1.","journal-title":"Physiol Res"}],"container-title":["Reproductive Biology and Endocrinology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12958-020-00634-8.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s12958-020-00634-8\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12958-020-00634-8.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,6]],"date-time":"2022-11-06T13:47:33Z","timestamp":1667742453000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/rbej.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s12958-020-00634-8"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,11]]},"references-count":31,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,12]]}},"alternative-id":["634"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12958-020-00634-8","relation":{},"ISSN":["1477-7827"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1477-7827","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,11]]},"assertion":[{"value":"18 June 2020","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"29 July 2020","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"11 August 2020","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no competing interests.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"81"}}