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Follicular fluid (FF) serves as the complex microenvironment for follicular development. However, the correlation between the concentration of steroid in FF and the pathogenesis of PCOS is still unclear.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Twenty steroid levels in FF from ten patients with PCOS and ten women with male-factor infertility undergoing in vitro fertilization were tested by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS\/MS) in order to explore their possibly correlation with PCOS. Meanwhile, the mRNA levels of core enzymes in steroid synthesis pathway from exosomes of FF were also detected by qPCR.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The estriol (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.01), estradiol (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.05) and prenenolone (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.01) levels in FF of PCOS group were significantly increased, compared to the normal group, and the progesterone levels (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.05) were decreased in PCOS group. Increased mRNA levels of<jats:italic>CYP11A, CYP19A<\/jats:italic>and<jats:italic>HSD17B2<\/jats:italic>of exosomes were accompanied by the hormonal changes in FF. Correlation analysis showed that mRNA levels of<jats:italic>CYP11A<\/jats:italic>and<jats:italic>HSD17B2<\/jats:italic>were negatively correlated with percent of top-quality embryos and rate of embryos develop to blastocyst.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Our results suggest that increased levels of estrogen and pregnenolone in follicular fluid may affect follicle development in PCOS patients, and the mechanism is partially related to<jats:italic>HSD17B1<\/jats:italic>,<jats:italic>CYP19A1<\/jats:italic>and<jats:italic>CYP11A1<\/jats:italic>expression change in FF exosomes.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12958-021-00749-6","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,17]],"date-time":"2021-05-17T08:02:40Z","timestamp":1621238560000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":63,"title":["Correlation between steroid levels in follicular fluid and hormone synthesis related substances in its exosomes and embryo quality in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"19","author":[{"given":"Li","family":"Yu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Miao","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhenxin","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Te","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Suying","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Beili","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Baishen","family":"Pan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xi","family":"Dong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wei","family":"Guo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,17]]},"reference":[{"issue":"12","key":"749_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1223","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra041536","volume":"352","author":"DA Ehrmann","year":"2005","unstructured":"Ehrmann DA. 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