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Nevertheless, there is no relevant study to investigate whether AOA procedures increase developmental risk by disturbing subsequent gene expression at different embryonic development stages.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>We used a mouse model to explore the influence of AOA treatment on pre- and post-implantation events. Firstly, the developmental potential of embryos with or without AOA treatment were assessed by the rates of fertilization and blastocyst formation. Secondly, transcriptome high-throughput sequencing was performed among the three groups (ICSI, ICSI-AOA and dICSI-AOA groups). The hierarchical clustering and Principal Component Analysis (PCA) analysis were used. Subsequently, <jats:italic>Igf2r\/Airn<\/jats:italic> methylation analysis were detected using methylation-specific PCR sequencing following bisulfite treatment. Finally, birth rate and birth weight were examined following mouse embryo transfer.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>The rates of fertilization and blastocyst formation were significantly lower in oocyte activation-deficient sperm injection group (dICSI group) when compared with the ICSI group (30.8\u2009% vs. 84.4\u2009%, 10.0\u2009% vs. 41.5\u2009%). There were 133 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between the ICSI-AOA group and ICSI group, and 266 DEGs between the dICSI-AOA group and ICSI group. In addition, the imprinted gene, <jats:italic>Igf2r<\/jats:italic> is up regulated in AOA treatment group compared to control group. The <jats:italic>Igf2r\/Airn<\/jats:italic> imprinted expression model demonstrates that AOA treatment stimulates maternal allele-specific mehtylation spreads at differentially methylated region 2, followed by the initiation of paternal imprinted <jats:italic>Airn<\/jats:italic> long non-coding (lnc) RNA, resulting in the up regulated expression of <jats:italic>Igf2r<\/jats:italic>. Furthermore, the birth weight of newborn mice originating from AOA group was significantly lower compared to that of ICSI group. The pups born following AOA treatment did not show any other abnormalities during early development. All offspring mated successfully with fertile controls.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>AOA treatment affects imprinted gene <jats:italic>Igf2r<\/jats:italic> expression and mehtylation states in mouse pre- and post-implantation embryo, which is regulated by the imprinted <jats:italic>Airn<\/jats:italic>. Nevertheless, no significant differences were found in post-natal growth of the pups in the present study. It is hoped that this study could provide valuable insights of AOA technology in assisted reproduction biology.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12958-021-00845-7","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,4]],"date-time":"2021-11-04T05:22:19Z","timestamp":1636003339000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["DNA methylation and gene expression changes in mouse pre- and post-implantation embryos generated by intracytoplasmic sperm injection with artificial oocyte activation"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"19","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5834-1153","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mingru","family":"Yin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Weina","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wenzhi","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Qianqian","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hui","family":"Long","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Pengcheng","family":"Kong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Qifeng","family":"Lyu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"845_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"F93","DOI":"10.1530\/REP-17-0374","volume":"154","author":"GD Palermo","year":"2017","unstructured":"Palermo GD, O\u2019Neill CL, Chow S, Cheung S, Parrella A, Pereira N, Rosenwaks Z. 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