{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,27]],"date-time":"2026-02-27T04:23:05Z","timestamp":1772166185182,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,3]],"date-time":"2025-02-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1738540800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,3]],"date-time":"2025-02-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1738540800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"name":"viO HealthTech Limited"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Reprod Biol Endocrinol"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A prospective, observational study to identify relationships between body temperature and levels of peripheral P4 blood progesterone, and examine if these differ according to body temperature cycle pattern.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>62 data points from 18 patients undergoing hormone assisted embryo transfer cycles at IVIRMA IVF clinics in Madrid, Mallorca and Malaga, Spain volunteered to use OvuSense, an intra-vaginal body temperature monitor. Primary outcome measures were OvuSense Raw and Smooth Temperature (ST) (\u00b0C), P4 (ng\/ml). Secondary outcome measures: Ongoing Pregnancy, Miscarriage or biochemical pregnancy. Graphical time based comparison analyses and multilevel regression analyses using MLwiN 3.10 [Charlton C, Rasbash J, Browne WJ, Healy M, Cameron B. MlwiN Version 3.10. Centre for Multilevel Modelling. University of Bristol; 2024.] software were conducted.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A graphical analysis showed an apparent relationship between P4 levels and Temperature taken on P4 blood draw day. A multilevel regression analysis using MLwiN 3.10 Centre for Multilevel Modelling. University of Bristol software investigated this relationship, allowing between-patient variation to be accounted for and estimated. This established a strong linear relationship between LnP4 and ST, and cross correlation was carried out which identified the optimum predictor of levels of LnP4 was ST measured on the day prior to blood sampling. Further graphical analyses showed an apparent lower luteal level of P4 for cycles flagged as atypical by OvuSense, and for negative outcomes, except on embryo transfer day.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The results provide extremely strong evidence of a linear relationship between LnP4 and Smooth Temperature (ST) measured the day before blood sampling (Z\u2009=\u200915.6,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.0001, 2 sided). This suggests that ST could provide a less invasive, continuous, and more practical method of assessing P4 response. Secondary outcomes may be related to ST pattern established during an embryo transfer cycle. Further investigation is required to establish the value of the ST pattern for improving outcomes.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12958-024-01329-0","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,3]],"date-time":"2025-02-03T07:42:02Z","timestamp":1738568522000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Continuous overnight monitoring of body temperature during embryo transfer cycles as a proxy for establishing progesterone fluctuations by comparison with P4 blood progesterone results: a prospective, observational study"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"23","author":[{"given":"T.G.","family":"Knowles","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"J.A.","family":"Garc\u00eda-Velasco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"M.","family":"Toribio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"N.","family":"Garrido","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"A.I.","family":"Barrio Pedraza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"C.","family":"Colom\u00e9 Rakosnik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"A.","family":"Salazar Vera","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"R.","family":"Milnes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"1329_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Barton M, Wiesner BP. Thermogenic effect of progesterone. Lancet 1945;Dec 8;2(6380):671.","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(45)91388-2"},{"key":"1329_CR2","unstructured":"van de Velde TH. Ueber den Zusammenhang zwischen Ovarialfunction, Wellenbewegung und Menstrualblutung. Open Library OL20446827 OCLC\/WorldCat14801387. Haarlem, De Erven F. Bohn Jena, Gustav Fischer. 1904."},{"issue":"2","key":"1329_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2020.06.016","volume":"114","author":"DI Dozortsev","year":"2020","unstructured":"Dozortsev DI, Diamond MP. Luteinizing hormone\u2013independent rise of progesterone as the physiological trigger of the ovulatory gonadotropins surge in the human. Fertil Steril. 2020;114(2):191\u20139.","journal-title":"Fertil Steril"},{"issue":"Suppl2","key":"1329_CR4","first-page":"ii226","volume":"27","author":"S Papaioannou","year":"2012","unstructured":"Papaioannou S, Knowles T, Aslam M, Milnes R. Ovulation assessment and fertile period prediction by portable computerised vaginal temperature analysis \u2013 the ovusense advanced fertility monitoring system. Hum Rep. 2012;27(Suppl2):ii226\u201347.","journal-title":"Hum Rep"},{"issue":"3","key":"1329_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"SupplS160","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2012.07.590","volume":"98","author":"S Papaioannou","year":"2012","unstructured":"Papaioannou S, Aslam M. Ovulation assessment by vaginal temperature analysis (Ovusense Fertility Monitoring System) in comparison to oral temperature recording. Fertil Steril. 2012;98(3):SupplS160.","journal-title":"Fertil Steril"},{"issue":"3","key":"1329_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S326","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2013.07.947","volume":"100","author":"S Papaioannou","year":"2013","unstructured":"Papaioannou S, Aslam M. 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The research protocol conforms to ISO 14155:2020. CEIM \u2013 HOSPITAL UNIVERSITY AND POLYTECHNIC LA FE, VALENCIA Ethics Committee issued a FAVORABLE REPORT on the Research Project in its session dated 19\/07\/2023: Title: \u201cContinuous overnight monitoring of body temperature during IVF cycles as a proxy for establishing progesterone fluctuations. Signed in Valencia, on 19\/07\/2023 by JOS\u00c9 MAR\u00cdA CANELLES GAMIR. Head of the technical secretariat of the CEIM. A copy of the ethics committee approval is available on request. The Ethics Committee reviewed a priori presented Clinical Investigation Protocol.\u201d Registration number: 2023-692-1, Protocol code\/acronym: 2211-VIO-164-JG. Sponsor: VIO HEALTHTECH LIMITED, Protocol Version 1.2 \u2013 Version date 30th May 2023, Information and Informed Consent Sheet Version 1.0. Version date 05-30-2023.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical approval"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"Knowles T. is a shareholder of the study sponsor, viO HealthTech Limited. Milnes R. is a director, employee, share and option holder of the study sponsor, viO HealthTech Limited. There are no similar financial associations involving spouses or children under 18 years of age. The remaining authors have no competing interests to declare. There are no non-financial associations relevant to the submitted manuscript.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"17"}}