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Adequate mineral supply and placental hormone production are essential for the maintenance of pregnancy, and disturbances in trophoblast integrity are associated with pregnancy complications. Since knowledge about the identity and expression levels of proteins in trophoblast and syncytiotrophoblast cells is limited so far, we analyzed the proteomes of trophoblast-like and syncytiotrophoblast-like BeWo cells under different calcium conditions. The investigation of protein expression profiles in combination with hormone assays can provide a better understanding of calcium-dependent cellular processes in trophoblasts and syncytiotrophoblasts.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Here, we combine human trophoblast model cell cultures, hormone assays, antibody-based detection methods and high-resolution mass spectrometry analyzes to assess changes in cellular processes during syncytialization.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>We monitored the changes in protein expression profiles during forskolin induced syncytialization of trophoblast-like cells in an unbiased manner and show that the expression of numerous proteins is strongly altered. Among them are enzymes of the glucocorticoid and sex hormones synthesis pathways such as cytochrome P450 (CYP) 19A1, CYP11A1, adrenodoxin (FDX1), hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (HSD) 11\u03b22 and HSD17\u03b21, whose expression is strongly induced by syncytialization. The production of beta human chorionic gonadotropin (\u00df-hCG), progesterone and estradiol increase during syncytialization, while the secretion and synthesis of \u00df-hCG and the expression of several protein syncytiotrophoblast markers show a clear calcium dependence.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>The broad applicability of semi-quantitative proteome profiling of cytotrophoblast- and syncytiotrophoblast-like cells provides new insights into signaling processes that occur in cytotrophoblasts \/syncytiotrophoblasts during pregnancy.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12958-025-01362-7","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,4]],"date-time":"2025-03-04T05:43:06Z","timestamp":1741066986000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["The proteomic landscape of trophoblasts unravels calcium-dependent syncytialization processes and beta-chorionic gonadotropin (\u00df-hCG) production"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"23","author":[{"given":"Anna-Lena","family":"Gehl","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniel","family":"Klawitter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ulrich","family":"Wissenbach","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marnie","family":"Cole","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christine","family":"Wesely","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Heidi","family":"L\u00f6hr","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Petra","family":"Weissgerber","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Adela","family":"Sota","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Markus R.","family":"Meyer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Claudia","family":"Fecher-Trost","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"1362_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11210","DOI":"10.1038\/srep11210","volume":"5","author":"SS Malhotra","year":"2015","unstructured":"Malhotra SS, Suman P, Gupta SK. 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