{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,11]],"date-time":"2026-11-11T21:10:01Z","timestamp":1794431401211,"version":"4.9.1"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,15]],"date-time":"2025-03-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1741996800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,15]],"date-time":"2025-03-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1741996800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004761","name":"Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province of China","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["2024JJ9091"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2024JJ9091"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004761","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Reprod Biol Endocrinol"],"DOI":"10.1186\/s12958-025-01374-3","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,15]],"date-time":"2025-03-15T07:10:26Z","timestamp":1742022626000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Exploring the potential benefits of growth hormone co-treatment on embryo quality in IVF: a randomized controlled open-label trial"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"23","author":[{"given":"Yi","family":"Tang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaofeng","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Change","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ruyi","family":"Guan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhimin","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shunji","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guoping","family":"Tao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jingfei","family":"Qu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fei","family":"Gong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,15]]},"reference":[{"issue":"2","key":"1374_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"138","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2009.05.035","volume":"146","author":"SD McDonald","year":"2009","unstructured":"McDonald SD, Han Z, Mulla S, Murphy KE, Beyene J, Ohlsson A. Preterm birth and low birth weight among in vitro fertilization singletons: a systematic review and meta-analyses. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol. 2009;146(2):138\u201348.","journal-title":"Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol"},{"issue":"6","key":"1374_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1650","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2004.12.033","volume":"83","author":"YA Wang","year":"2005","unstructured":"Wang YA, Sullivan EA, Black D, Dean J, Bryant J, Chapman M. Preterm birth and low birth weight after assisted reproductive technology-related pregnancy in Australia between 1996 and 2000. Fertil Steril. 2005;83(6):1650\u20138.","journal-title":"Fertil Steril"},{"issue":"11","key":"1374_CR3","first-page":"1117","volume":"36","author":"M Askoxylaki","year":"2013","unstructured":"Askoxylaki M, Siristatidis C, Chrelias C, Vogiatzi P, Creatsa M, Salamalekis G, et al. Reactive oxygen species in the follicular fluid of subfertile women undergoing in vitro fertilization: a short narrative review. J Endocrinol Invest. 2013;36(11):1117\u201320.","journal-title":"J Endocrinol Invest"},{"issue":"1","key":"1374_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s12958-022-01053-7","volume":"21","author":"J Liu","year":"2023","unstructured":"Liu J, Zhu K, Xu S, Tu W, Lin X, Su Y, et al. Double-edged sword: effects of human sperm reactive oxygen species on embryo development in IVF cycles. Reprod Biol Endocrinol. 2023;21(1):1.","journal-title":"Reprod Biol Endocrinol"},{"issue":"7","key":"1374_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"483","DOI":"10.1631\/jzus.B0820379","volume":"10","author":"LY Wang","year":"2009","unstructured":"Wang LY, Wang DH, Zou XY, Xu CM. Mitochondrial functions on oocytes and preimplantation embryos. J Zhejiang Univ Sci B. 2009;10(7):483\u201392.","journal-title":"J Zhejiang Univ Sci B"},{"issue":"2","key":"1374_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"409","DOI":"10.1007\/s10815-021-02379-8","volume":"39","author":"N Gleicher","year":"2022","unstructured":"Gleicher N, Darmon SK, Molinari E, Patrizio P, Barad DH. Importance of IGF-I levels in IVF: potential relevance for growth hormone (GH) supplementation. J Assist Reprod Genet. 2022;39(2):409\u201316.","journal-title":"J Assist Reprod Genet"},{"issue":"7","key":"1374_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2146","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/des099","volume":"27","author":"Y Yu","year":"2012","unstructured":"Yu Y, Yan J, Li M, Yan L, Zhao Y, Lian Y, et al. Effects of combined epidermal growth factor, brain-derived neurotrophic factor and insulin-like growth factor-1 on human oocyte maturation and early fertilized and cloned embryo development. Hum Reprod. 2012;27(7):2146\u201359.","journal-title":"Hum Reprod"},{"issue":"7","key":"1374_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1298","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2018.08.018","volume":"110","author":"SLP Regan","year":"2018","unstructured":"Regan SLP, Knight PG, Yovich JL, Arfuso F, Dharmarajan A. Growth hormone during in vitro fertilization in older women modulates the density of receptors in granulosa cells, with improved pregnancy outcomes. Fertil Steril. 2018;110(7):1298\u2013310.","journal-title":"Fertil Steril"},{"issue":"1","key":"1374_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"18769","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-75107-4","volume":"10","author":"Y Gong","year":"2020","unstructured":"Gong Y, Luo S, Fan P, Jin S, Zhu H, Deng T, et al. Growth hormone alleviates oxidative stress and improves oocyte quality in Chinese women with polycystic ovary syndrome: a randomized controlled trial. Sci Rep. 2020;10(1):18769.","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"issue":"1","key":"1374_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"310","DOI":"10.1186\/s12884-020-03004-9","volume":"20","author":"J Li","year":"2020","unstructured":"Li J, Chen Q, Wang J, Huang G, Ye H. Does growth hormone supplementation improve oocyte competence and IVF outcomes in patients with poor embryonic development? A randomized controlled trial. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth. 2020;20(1):310.","journal-title":"BMC Pregnancy Childbirth"},{"key":"1374_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"485","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2019.00485","volume":"10","author":"Y Li","year":"2019","unstructured":"Li Y, Liu H, Yu Q, Liu H, Huang T, Zhao S, et al. Growth hormone promotes in vitro maturation of human oocytes. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne). 2019;10:485.","journal-title":"Front Endocrinol (Lausanne)"},{"issue":"9","key":"1374_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"787","DOI":"10.1080\/09513590.2019.1590545","volume":"35","author":"X Liu","year":"2019","unstructured":"Liu X, Bai H, Xie J, Shi J. Growth hormone co-treatment on controlled ovarian stimulation in normal ovarian response women can improve embryo quality. Gynecol Endocrinol. 2019;35(9):787\u201391.","journal-title":"Gynecol Endocrinol"},{"issue":"5","key":"1374_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6765","DOI":"10.18632\/aging.202534","volume":"13","author":"C Liu","year":"2021","unstructured":"Liu C, Li S, Li Y, Tian J, Sun X, Song T, et al. Growth hormone ameliorates the age-associated depletion of ovarian reserve and decline of oocyte quality via inhibiting the activation of Fos and Jun signaling. Aging. 2021;13(5):6765\u201381.","journal-title":"Aging"},{"key":"1374_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pan P, Huang X. The clinical application of growth hormone and its biological and molecular mechanisms in assisted reproduction. Int J Mol Sci. 2022;23(18):10768","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms231810768"},{"key":"1374_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"650","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2019.00650","volume":"10","author":"JL Yovich","year":"2019","unstructured":"Yovich JL, Regan SLP, Zaidi S, Keane KN. The concept of growth hormone deficiency affecting clinical prognosis in IVF. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne). 2019;10:650.","journal-title":"Front Endocrinol (Lausanne)"},{"issue":"8","key":"1374_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3909","DOI":"10.1210\/en.2008-0286","volume":"149","author":"V Pandey","year":"2008","unstructured":"Pandey V, Perry JK, Mohankumar KM, Kong XJ, Liu SM, Wu ZS, et al. Autocrine human growth hormone stimulates oncogenicity of endometrial carcinoma cells. Endocrinology. 2008;149(8):3909\u201319.","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"issue":"2","key":"1374_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"112","DOI":"10.1046\/j.8755-8920.2003.00127.x","volume":"51","author":"M Sbracia","year":"2004","unstructured":"Sbracia M, Scarpellini F, Poverini R, Al\u00f2 PL, Rossi G, Di Tondo U. Immunohistochemical localization of the growth hormone in human endometrium and decidua. Am J Reprod Immunol. 2004;51(2):112\u20136.","journal-title":"Am J Reprod Immunol"},{"key":"1374_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"308","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.1991.tb37925.x","volume":"626","author":"T Strowitzki","year":"1991","unstructured":"Strowitzki T, Wiedemann R, Hepp H. Influence of growth factors EGF, IGF-1, and human growth hormone on human endometrial stromal cells in vitro. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 1991;626:308\u201311.","journal-title":"Ann N Y Acad Sci"},{"issue":"1","key":"1374_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2265.1988.tb00252.x","volume":"29","author":"R Homburg","year":"1988","unstructured":"Homburg R, Eshel A, Abdalla HI, Jacobs HS. Growth hormone facilitates ovulation induction by gonadotrophins. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf). 1988;29(1):113\u20137.","journal-title":"Clin Endocrinol (Oxf)"},{"key":"1374_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Adashi E, Thorner MO, editors. Is the intraovarian IGF system a mediator of growth hormone action? The somatotrophic Axis and the reproductive process in health and disease Serono Symposia. USA Baltimore, MD: Springer- 1995;202\u201311.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4612-2518-8_16"},{"key":"1374_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1040503","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2022.1040503","volume":"13","author":"CW Chang","year":"2022","unstructured":"Chang CW, Sung YW, Hsueh YW, Chen YY, Ho M, Hsu HC, et al. Growth hormone in fertility and infertility: mechanisms of action and clinical applications. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne). 2022;13:1040503.","journal-title":"Front Endocrinol (Lausanne)"},{"key":"1374_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"793621","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2021.793621","volume":"12","author":"F Scheffler","year":"2021","unstructured":"Scheffler F, Vandecandelaere A, Soyez M, Bosquet D, Lefranc E, Copin H, et al. Follicular GH and IGF1 levels are associated with oocyte cohort quality: A pilot study. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne). 2021;12:793621.","journal-title":"Front Endocrinol (Lausanne)"},{"issue":"2","key":"1374_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"140","DOI":"10.4103\/0974-1208.117171","volume":"6","author":"BN Mehta","year":"2013","unstructured":"Mehta BN, Chimote NM, Chimote MN, Chimote NN, Nath NM. Follicular fluid insulin like growth factor-1 (FF IGF-1) is a biochemical marker of embryo quality and implantation rates in in vitro fertilization cycles. J Hum Reprod Sci. 2013;6(2):140\u20136.","journal-title":"J Hum Reprod Sci"},{"issue":"1","key":"1374_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rbmo.2010.03.013","volume":"21","author":"JL Yovich","year":"2010","unstructured":"Yovich JL, Stanger JD. Growth hormone supplementation improves implantation and pregnancy productivity rates for poor-prognosis patients undertaking IVF. Reprod Biomed Online. 2010;21(1):37\u201349.","journal-title":"Reprod Biomed Online"},{"key":"1374_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yovich JL, Zaidi S, Nguyen MDK, Hinchliffe PM. Measuring IGF-1 and IGFBP-3 profiles in women seeking assisted reproduction; relationship to clinical parameters (Study 1). J Pers Med. 2020;10(3):122","DOI":"10.3390\/jpm10030122"},{"key":"1374_CR26","unstructured":"Man L, Chen Y, Li N, L uo Y, Pan X, Zhou S. Level of IGF1 in follicular fluid associated with IVF pregnancy outcome in the application of growth hormone. Ginekol Pol. 2024;95(12):928-34."},{"issue":"11","key":"1374_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2357","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/16.11.2357","volume":"16","author":"B Balaban","year":"2001","unstructured":"Balaban B, Urman B, Isiklar A, Alatas C, Aksoy S, Mercan R, et al. The effect of pronuclear morphology on embryo quality parameters and blastocyst transfer outcome. Hum Reprod. 2001;16(11):2357\u201361.","journal-title":"Hum Reprod"},{"issue":"9","key":"1374_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2536","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/dei066","volume":"20","author":"J Tesarik","year":"2005","unstructured":"Tesarik J, Hazout A, Mendoza C. Improvement of delivery and live birth rates after ICSI in women aged\u2009>\u200940 years by ovarian co-stimulation with growth hormone. Hum Reprod. 2005;20(9):2536\u201341.","journal-title":"Hum Reprod"},{"issue":"4","key":"1374_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"936","DOI":"10.1007\/s43032-020-00298-0","volume":"28","author":"FT Liu","year":"2021","unstructured":"Liu FT, Hu KL, Li R. Effects of growth hormone supplementation on poor ovarian responders in assisted reproductive technology: a systematic review and Meta-analysis. Reprod Sci. 2021;28(4):936\u201348.","journal-title":"Reprod Sci"},{"issue":"1","key":"1374_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"76","DOI":"10.1186\/s12958-020-00632-w","volume":"18","author":"P Yang","year":"2020","unstructured":"Yang P, Wu R, Zhang H. The effect of growth hormone supplementation in poor ovarian responders undergoing IVF or ICSI: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Reprod Biol Endocrinol. 2020;18(1):76.","journal-title":"Reprod Biol Endocrinol"},{"issue":"1","key":"1374_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1186\/s12958-024-01223-9","volume":"22","author":"X Liu","year":"2024","unstructured":"Liu X, Li N, Wang D, Wen W, Tian L, Zhou H, et al. Does growth hormone supplementation of in vitro fertilization\/intracytoplasmic sperm injection improve cumulative live birth rates in women with poor embryonic development in the previous cycle? Reprod Biol Endocrinol. 2024;22(1):53.","journal-title":"Reprod Biol Endocrinol"},{"issue":"3","key":"1374_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"231","DOI":"10.1080\/09513590.2021.2000963","volume":"38","author":"QL Chen","year":"2022","unstructured":"Chen QL, Shuai J, Chen WH, Zhang XD, Pei L, Huang GN, et al. Impact of growth hormone supplementation on improving oocyte competence in unexplained poor embryonic development patients of various ages. Gynecol Endocrinol. 2022;38(3):231\u20137.","journal-title":"Gynecol Endocrinol"},{"issue":"6","key":"1374_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"515","DOI":"10.1093\/humupd\/dmg045","volume":"9","author":"C Bourgain","year":"2003","unstructured":"Bourgain C, Devroey P. The endometrium in stimulated cycles for IVF. Hum Reprod Update. 2003;9(6):515\u201322.","journal-title":"Hum Reprod Update"},{"issue":"4","key":"1374_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1030","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2015.06.021","volume":"104","author":"X Chen","year":"2015","unstructured":"Chen X, Jin X, Liu L, Man CW, Huang J, Wang CC, et al. Differential expression of vascular endothelial growth factor angiogenic factors in different endometrial compartments in women who have an elevated progesterone level before oocyte retrieval, during in vitro fertilization-embryo transfer treatment. Fertil Steril. 2015;104(4):1030\u20136.","journal-title":"Fertil Steril"},{"issue":"1","key":"1374_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2006.04.032","volume":"130","author":"M Bahceci","year":"2007","unstructured":"Bahceci M, Ulug U, Turan E, Akman MA. Comparisons of follicular levels of sex steroids, gonadotropins and insulin like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) and epidermal growth factor (EGF) in poor responder and normoresponder patients undergoing ovarian stimulation with GnRH antagonist. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol. 2007;130(1):93\u20138.","journal-title":"Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol"},{"issue":"10","key":"1374_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0185561","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0185561","volume":"12","author":"H Zhu","year":"2017","unstructured":"Zhu H, Xu Y, Gong F, Shan G, Yang H, Xu K, et al. Reference ranges for serum insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) in healthy Chinese adults. PLoS ONE. 2017;12(10):e0185561.","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"}],"container-title":["Reproductive Biology and Endocrinology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12958-025-01374-3.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s12958-025-01374-3\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12958-025-01374-3.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,15]],"date-time":"2025-03-15T19:05:20Z","timestamp":1742065520000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/rbej.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s12958-025-01374-3"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,15]]},"references-count":36,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]}},"alternative-id":["1374"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12958-025-01374-3","relation":{},"ISSN":["1477-7827"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1477-7827","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,15]]},"assertion":[{"value":"30 December 2024","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"26 February 2025","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"15 March 2025","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The study protocol was approved by the Reproductive and Genetic Hospital of CITIC-XIANGYA\u2019s ethics committee to ensure that all research activities were conducted in accordance with the ethical standards and regulatory requirements (NCT03966339). Informed consent to participate was obtained from all participants after a thorough explanation of the study protocol, including the potential benefits and risks.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"42"}}