{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,10]],"date-time":"2026-11-10T18:41:12Z","timestamp":1794336072882,"version":"4.9.0"},"reference-count":69,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,22]],"date-time":"2025-08-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1755820800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,22]],"date-time":"2025-08-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1755820800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Reprod Biol Endocrinol"],"DOI":"10.1186\/s12958-025-01442-8","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,22]],"date-time":"2025-08-22T07:33:37Z","timestamp":1755848017000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Lifestyle in flux: urbanization, dietary shifts, and endocrine health in emerging adulthood"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"23","author":[{"given":"Om Vijay","family":"Joshi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ronit Rohidas","family":"Savale","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dinesh","family":"Nalage","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ashwini","family":"Biradar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tejswini","family":"Sontakke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,22]]},"reference":[{"issue":"6","key":"1442_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"537","DOI":"10.1038\/hr.2010.52","volume":"33","author":"H Kawano","year":"2010","unstructured":"Kawano H. The relationship between testosterone and metabolic syndrome. Hypertens Res. 2010;33(6):537\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/hr.2010.52.","journal-title":"Hypertens Res"},{"issue":"3","key":"1442_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"R25","DOI":"10.1530\/JOE-12-0455","volume":"217","author":"DM Kelly","year":"2013","unstructured":"Kelly DM, Jones TH. Testosterone: a metabolic hormone in health and disease. J Endocrinol. 2013;217(3):R25\u201345. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1530\/JOE-12-0455.","journal-title":"J Endocrinol"},{"issue":"12","key":"1442_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"673","DOI":"10.1038\/nrendo.2009.212","volume":"5","author":"M Zitzmann","year":"2009","unstructured":"Zitzmann M. Testosterone deficiency, insulin resistance and the metabolic syndrome. Nat Rev Endocrinol. 2009;5(12):673\u201381. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/nrendo.2009.212.","journal-title":"Nat Rev Endocrinol"},{"key":"1442_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1016\/S0015-0282(02)02968-0","volume":"77","author":"M Notelovitz","year":"2002","unstructured":"Notelovitz M. Androgen effects on bone and muscle. Fertil Steril. 2002;77:34\u201341. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0015-0282(02)02968-0.","journal-title":"Fertil Steril"},{"issue":"3","key":"1442_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"373","DOI":"10.1677\/joe.0.1780373","volume":"178","author":"C Malkin","year":"2003","unstructured":"Malkin C, Pugh P, Jones R, Jones T, Channer K. Testosterone as a protective factor against atherosclerosis\u2013immunomodulation and influence upon plaque development and stability. J Endocrinol. 2003;178(3):373\u201380. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1677\/joe.0.1780373.","journal-title":"J Endocrinol"},{"key":"1442_CR6","unstructured":"Nassar GN, Leslie SW. Physiology, Testosterone. In: StatPearls. StatPearls Publishing; 2025. Accessed February 14, 2025. http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/books\/NBK526128\/"},{"issue":"5","key":"1442_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"803","DOI":"10.1210\/er.2018-00020","volume":"39","author":"DJ Handelsman","year":"2018","unstructured":"Handelsman DJ, Hirschberg AL, Bermon S. Circulating testosterone as the hormonal basis of sex differences in athletic performance. Endocr Rev. 2018;39(5):803\u201329. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1210\/er.2018-00020.","journal-title":"Endocr Rev"},{"key":"1442_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100365","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcte.2024.100365","volume":"37","author":"M Zitzmann","year":"2024","unstructured":"Zitzmann M. Testosterone deficiency and chronic kidney disease. J Clin Transl Endocrinol. 2024;37:100365. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jcte.2024.100365.","journal-title":"J Clin Transl Endocrinol"},{"key":"1442_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"916","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2019.00916","volume":"10","author":"J Cohen","year":"2020","unstructured":"Cohen J, Nassau DE, Patel P, Ramasamy R. Low testosterone in adolescents & young adults. Front Endocrinol. 2020;10:916. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fendo.2019.00916.","journal-title":"Front Endocrinol"},{"issue":"1","key":"1442_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1111\/cen.13723","volume":"89","author":"M Grossmann","year":"2018","unstructured":"Grossmann M. Hypogonadism and male obesity: focus on unresolved questions. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf). 2018;89(1):11\u201321. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/cen.13723.","journal-title":"Clin Endocrinol (Oxf)"},{"issue":"12","key":"1442_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2385","DOI":"10.1007\/s40618-022-01859-7","volume":"45","author":"AM Isidori","year":"2022","unstructured":"Isidori AM, Aversa A, Calogero A, et al. Adult- and late-onset male hypogonadism: the clinical practice guidelines of the Italian society of andrology and sexual medicine (SIAMS) and the Italian society of endocrinology (SIE). J Endocrinol Invest. 2022;45(12):2385\u2013403. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s40618-022-01859-7.","journal-title":"J Endocrinol Invest"},{"issue":"3","key":"1442_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"429","DOI":"10.1007\/s10865-022-00370-x","volume":"46","author":"PG Brooker","year":"2023","unstructured":"Brooker PG, Gomersall SR, King NA, McMahon NF, Leveritt MD. How do previously inactive individuals restructure their time to fit in morning or evening exercise: a randomized controlled trial. J Behav Med. 2023;46(3):429\u201339. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10865-022-00370-x.","journal-title":"J Behav Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"1442_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2447792","DOI":"10.1080\/17441692.2024.2447792","volume":"20","author":"Y Lan","year":"2025","unstructured":"Lan Y, Jin L. Assessing health lifestyles in contemporary china: patterns, transitions, and socioeconomic antecedents. Glob Public Health. 2025;20(1):2447792. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/17441692.2024.2447792.","journal-title":"Glob Public Health"},{"issue":"8","key":"1442_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1203","DOI":"10.1017\/S1041610210001493","volume":"22","author":"EJA Scherder","year":"2010","unstructured":"Scherder EJA, Bogen T, Eggermont LHP, Hamers JPH, Swaab DF. The more physical inactivity, the more agitation in dementia. Int Psychogeriatr. 2010;22(8):1203\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/S1041610210001493.","journal-title":"Int Psychogeriatr"},{"key":"1442_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Telama R, Yang X. Decline of physical activity from youth to young adulthood in Finland. Med Sci Sports Exerc Published Online September 2000:1617\u201322. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/00005768-200009000-00015","DOI":"10.1097\/00005768-200009000-00015"},{"issue":"4","key":"1442_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2250","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph19042250","volume":"19","author":"K Wunsch","year":"2022","unstructured":"Wunsch K, Kienberger K, Niessner C. Changes in physical activity patterns due to the Covid-19 pandemic: A systematic review and Meta-Analysis. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2022;19(4):2250. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijerph19042250.","journal-title":"Int J Environ Res Public Health"},{"key":"1442_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lule VK, Garg S, Tomar SK, Khedkar CD, Nalage DN. Food intolerance: lactose intolerance. The encyclopedia of food and health. Volume 3. Academic; 2016. pp. 43\u20138. Caballero, B., Finglas, P., and Toldr\u00e1, F.","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-384947-2.00312-3"},{"key":"1442_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Nalage D, Kale R, Sontakke T, et al. Bacterial phyla: microbiota of Kingdom animalia. Acad Biol. 2024;2(4). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.20935\/AcadBiol7423.","DOI":"10.20935\/AcadBiol7423"},{"key":"1442_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Nalage DN, Khedkar GD, Kalyankar AD, et al. Single cell proteins. Encyclopedia of food and health. Elsevier; 2016. pp. 790\u20134. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/B978-0-12-384947-2.00628-0.","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-384947-2.00628-0"},{"issue":"1","key":"1442_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"144","DOI":"10.1186\/s12958-024-01316-5","volume":"22","author":"H Cheng","year":"2024","unstructured":"Cheng H, Zhang X, Li Y, et al. Age-related testosterone decline: mechanisms and intervention strategies. Reprod Biol Endocrinol. 2024;22(1):144. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12958-024-01316-5.","journal-title":"Reprod Biol Endocrinol"},{"issue":"3","key":"1442_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.3109\/13685538.2015.1052392","volume":"18","author":"R Golan","year":"2015","unstructured":"Golan R, Scovell JM, Ramasamy R. Age-related testosterone decline is due to waning of both testicular and hypothalamic-pituitary function. Aging Male Off J Int Soc Study Aging Male. 2015;18(3):201\u20134. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3109\/13685538.2015.1052392.","journal-title":"Aging Male Off J Int Soc Study Aging Male"},{"issue":"10","key":"1442_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1310","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.155.10.1310","volume":"155","author":"H Sternbach","year":"1998","unstructured":"Sternbach H. Age-Associated testosterone decline in men: clinical issues for psychiatry. Am J Psychiatry. 1998;155(10):1310\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1176\/ajp.155.10.1310.","journal-title":"Am J Psychiatry"},{"issue":"5","key":"1442_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"732","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm8050732","volume":"8","author":"Y Duca","year":"2019","unstructured":"Duca Y, Aversa A, Condorelli RA, Calogero AE, La Vignera S. Substance abuse and male hypogonadism. J Clin Med. 2019;8(5):732. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/jcm8050732.","journal-title":"J Clin Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"1442_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"212","DOI":"10.1177\/14550725231206011","volume":"41","author":"J Horn","year":"2024","unstructured":"Horn J. The dichotomy between health and drug abuse in bodybuilding. Nord Stud Alcohol Drugs. 2024;41(2):212\u201325. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/14550725231206011.","journal-title":"Nord Stud Alcohol Drugs"},{"key":"1442_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"105603","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2024.105603","volume":"159","author":"A Hunt","year":"2024","unstructured":"Hunt A, Merola GP, Carpenter T, Jaeggi AV. Evolutionary perspectives on substance and behavioural addictions: distinct and shared pathways to understanding, prediction and prevention. Neurosci Biobehav Rev. 2024;159:105603. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2024.105603.","journal-title":"Neurosci Biobehav Rev"},{"issue":"3","key":"1442_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"211","DOI":"10.1097\/MED.0b013e3283524008","volume":"19","author":"G Kanayama","year":"2012","unstructured":"Kanayama G, Pope HG. Illicit use of androgens and other hormones: recent advances. Curr Opin Endocrinol Diabetes Obes. 2012;19(3):211\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/MED.0b013e3283524008.","journal-title":"Curr Opin Endocrinol Diabetes Obes"},{"issue":"11","key":"1442_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1629","DOI":"10.3390\/nu16111629","volume":"16","author":"E Mazza","year":"2024","unstructured":"Mazza E, Troiano E, Ferro Y, et al. Obesity, dietary patterns, and hormonal balance modulation: Gender-Specific impacts. Nutrients. 2024;16(11):1629. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/nu16111629.","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"issue":"5","key":"1442_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.3390\/children6050063","volume":"6","author":"T Mushannen","year":"2019","unstructured":"Mushannen T, Cortez P, Stanford FC, Singhal V. Obesity and Hypogonadism-A narrative review highlighting the need for High-Quality data in adolescents. Child Basel Switz. 2019;6(5):63. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/children6050063.","journal-title":"Child Basel Switz"},{"issue":"1","key":"1442_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1186\/s12958-024-01314-7","volume":"22","author":"H Balali","year":"2024","unstructured":"Balali H, Morabbi A, Karimian M. Concerning influences of micro\/nano plastics on female reproductive health: focusing on cellular and molecular pathways from animal models to human studies. Reprod Biol Endocrinol. 2024;22(1):141. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12958-024-01314-7.","journal-title":"Reprod Biol Endocrinol"},{"key":"1442_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"115618","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2023.115618","volume":"267","author":"L Gao","year":"2023","unstructured":"Gao L, Xiong X, Chen C, et al. The male reproductive toxicity after nanoplastics and microplastics exposure: sperm quality and changes of different cells in testis. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf. 2023;267:115618. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2023.115618.","journal-title":"Ecotoxicol Environ Saf"},{"issue":"5","key":"1442_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"579","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox13050579","volume":"13","author":"K Kadac-Czapska","year":"2024","unstructured":"Kadac-Czapska K, O\u015bko J, Knez E, Grembecka M. Microplastics and oxidative Stress-Current problems and prospects. Antioxid Basel Switz. 2024;13(5):579. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/antiox13050579.","journal-title":"Antioxid Basel Switz"},{"key":"1442_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Nalage D, Sontakke T, Biradar A et al. The impact of environmental toxins on the animal gut microbiome and their potential to contribute to disease. Elsevier. 2023;3(C).","DOI":"10.1016\/j.focha.2023.100497"},{"key":"1442_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"173177","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2024.173177","volume":"935","author":"M Wang","year":"2024","unstructured":"Wang M, Wu Y, Li G, Xiong Y, Zhang Y, Zhang M. The hidden threat: unraveling the impact of microplastics on reproductive health. Sci Total Environ. 2024;935:173177. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2024.173177.","journal-title":"Sci Total Environ"},{"issue":"2","key":"1442_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1123\/ijsnem.18.2.131","volume":"18","author":"CM Beaven","year":"2008","unstructured":"Beaven CM, Hopkins WG, Hansen KT, Wood MR, Cronin JB, Lowe TE. Dose effect of caffeine on testosterone and cortisol responses to resistance exercise. Int J Sport Nutr Exerc Metab. 2008;18(2):131\u201341. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1123\/ijsnem.18.2.131.","journal-title":"Int J Sport Nutr Exerc Metab"},{"issue":"1","key":"1442_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1186\/s12937-022-00783-z","volume":"21","author":"FE Glover","year":"2022","unstructured":"Glover FE, Caudle WM, Del Giudice F, et al. The association between caffeine intake and testosterone: NHANES 2013\u20132014. Nutr J. 2022;21(1):33. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12937-022-00783-z.","journal-title":"Nutr J"},{"issue":"4","key":"1442_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"457","DOI":"10.1210\/endrev\/bnab001","volume":"42","author":"DJ Handelsman","year":"2021","unstructured":"Handelsman DJ. Androgen misuse and abuse. Endocr Rev. 2021;42(4):457\u2013501. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1210\/endrev\/bnab001.","journal-title":"Endocr Rev"},{"issue":"2","key":"1442_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"324","DOI":"10.3390\/diagnostics11020324","volume":"11","author":"S Sivalokanathan","year":"2021","unstructured":"Sivalokanathan S, Ma\u0142ek \u0141A, Malhotra A. The cardiac effects of Performance-Enhancing medications: caffeine vs. Anabolic androgenic steroids. Diagnostics. 2021;11(2):324. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/diagnostics11020324.","journal-title":"Diagnostics"},{"key":"1442_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1422931","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2024.1422931","volume":"15","author":"C Dengri","year":"2024","unstructured":"Dengri C, Koriesh A, Babi MA, et al. Testosterone supplementation and stroke in young adults: a review of the literature. Front Neurol. 2024;15:1422931. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fneur.2024.1422931.","journal-title":"Front Neurol"},{"issue":"1","key":"1442_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1002\/cpt1971121151","volume":"12","author":"AE Dorr","year":"1971","unstructured":"Dorr AE. Discriminant function in clinical trials. Clin Pharmacol Ther. 1971;12(1):151. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/cpt1971121151.","journal-title":"Clin Pharmacol Ther"},{"issue":"1","key":"1442_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.3390\/healthcare9010015","volume":"9","author":"DH Ko","year":"2020","unstructured":"Ko DH, Kim SE, Lee JY. Prevalence of low testosterone according to health behavior in older adults men. Healthc Basel Switz. 2020;9(1):15. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/healthcare9010015.","journal-title":"Healthc Basel Switz"},{"issue":"1","key":"1442_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1186\/s12891-024-08272-6","volume":"26","author":"N Ma","year":"2025","unstructured":"Ma N, Gao F. Correlation between low testosterone levels and the risk of osteoarthritis: a cross-sectional analysis of NHANES data (2011\u20132016). BMC Musculoskelet Disord. 2025;26(1):23. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12891-024-08272-6.","journal-title":"BMC Musculoskelet Disord"},{"issue":"3","key":"1442_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.37349\/eemd.2024.00010","volume":"1","author":"A Mann","year":"2024","unstructured":"Mann A, Strange RC, Hackett G, K\u00f6nig C, Ramachandran S. Adult-onset testosterone deficiency: the usefulness of hormone replacement in reducing mortality in men with this common age-related condition. Explor Endocr Metab Dis. 2024;1(3):83\u201399. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.37349\/eemd.2024.00010.","journal-title":"Explor Endocr Metab Dis"},{"issue":"2","key":"1442_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.53388\/MMR2022007","volume":"4","author":"T Sontakke","year":"2022","unstructured":"Sontakke T, Biradar A, Dixit P, Nalage D. Metagenomics and Microbiome of infant: old and recent instincts. Microenviron Microecol Res. 2022;4(2):7. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.53388\/MMR2022007.","journal-title":"Microenviron Microecol Res"},{"issue":"9","key":"1442_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e871","DOI":"10.1210\/clinem\/dgad180","volume":"108","author":"M Grossmann","year":"2023","unstructured":"Grossmann M, Jayasena CN, Anawalt BD. Approach to the patient: the evaluation and management of men\u2009\u2265\u200950 years with low serum testosterone concentration. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2023;108(9):e871\u201384. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1210\/clinem\/dgad180.","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"4","key":"1442_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.3390\/jfmk5040081","volume":"5","author":"R Riachy","year":"2020","unstructured":"Riachy R, McKinney K, Tuvdendorj DR. Various factors May modulate the effect of exercise on testosterone levels in men. J Funct Morphol Kinesiol. 2020;5(4):81. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/jfmk5040081.","journal-title":"J Funct Morphol Kinesiol"},{"issue":"10","key":"1442_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3007","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2011-1137","volume":"96","author":"AB Araujo","year":"2011","unstructured":"Araujo AB, Dixon JM, Suarez EA, Murad MH, Guey LT, Wittert GA. Endogenous testosterone and mortality in men: A systematic review and Meta-Analysis. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2011;96(10):3007\u201319. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1210\/jc.2011-1137.","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"4","key":"1442_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"596","DOI":"10.1038\/aja.2010.121","volume":"13","author":"VHH Goh","year":"2011","unstructured":"Goh VHH, Tong TYY. The moderating impact of lifestyle factors on sex steroids, sexual activities and aging in Asian men. Asian J Androl. 2011;13(4):596\u2013604. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/aja.2010.121.","journal-title":"Asian J Androl"},{"issue":"6","key":"1442_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1323","DOI":"10.1007\/s11154-022-09755-4","volume":"23","author":"PY Liu","year":"2022","unstructured":"Liu PY, Reddy RT. Sleep, testosterone and cortisol balance, and ageing men. Rev Endocr Metab Disord. 2022;23(6):1323\u201339. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11154-022-09755-4.","journal-title":"Rev Endocr Metab Disord"},{"issue":"03","key":"1442_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2008-1025825","volume":"06","author":"K Remes","year":"1985","unstructured":"Remes K, Kuoppasalmi K, Adlercreutz H. Effect of physical exercise and sleep deprivation on plasma androgen levels: modifying effect of physical fitness. Int J Sports Med. 1985;06(03):131\u20135. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1055\/s-2008-1025825.","journal-title":"Int J Sports Med"},{"issue":"11","key":"1442_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"870","DOI":"10.1136\/hrt.2010.210757","volume":"97","author":"JB Ruige","year":"2011","unstructured":"Ruige JB, Mahmoud AM, De Bacquer D, Kaufman JM. Endogenous testosterone and cardiovascular disease in healthy men: a meta-analysis. Heart. 2011;97(11):870\u20135. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/hrt.2010.210757.","journal-title":"Heart"},{"issue":"2","key":"1442_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1530\/eje.0.1490145","volume":"149","author":"J Svartberg","year":"2003","unstructured":"Svartberg J, Midtby M, Bonaa K, Sundsfjord J, Joakimsen R, Jorde R. The associations of age, lifestyle factors and chronic disease with testosterone in men: the Tromso study. Eur J Endocrinol. 2003;149(2):145\u201352. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1530\/eje.0.1490145.","journal-title":"Eur J Endocrinol"},{"issue":"1","key":"1442_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1080\/13685538.2021.2023493","volume":"25","author":"R Kanabar","year":"2022","unstructured":"Kanabar R, Mazur A, Plum A, Schmied J. Correlates of testosterone change as men age. Aging Male. 2022;25(1):29\u201340. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/13685538.2021.2023493.","journal-title":"Aging Male"},{"issue":"1","key":"1442_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.2147\/cia.s190","volume":"3","author":"RD Stanworth","year":"2008","unstructured":"Stanworth RD, Jones TH. Testosterone for the aging male; current evidence and recommended practice. Clin Interv Aging. 2008;3(1):25\u201344. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2147\/cia.s190.","journal-title":"Clin Interv Aging"},{"issue":"5","key":"1442_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2636","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2004-2190","volume":"90","author":"N Pitteloud","year":"2005","unstructured":"Pitteloud N, Hardin M, Dwyer AA, et al. Increasing insulin resistance is associated with a decrease in Leydig cell testosterone secretion in men. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2005;90(5):2636\u201341. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1210\/jc.2004-2190.","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"5","key":"1442_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3140","DOI":"10.1111\/jcmm.14143","volume":"23","author":"C Yu","year":"2019","unstructured":"Yu C, Jiang F, Zhang M, et al. HC diet inhibited testosterone synthesis by activating Endoplasmic reticulum stress in testicular Leydig cells. J Cell Mol Med. 2019;23(5):3140\u201350. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/jcmm.14143.","journal-title":"J Cell Mol Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"1442_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1043","DOI":"10.1007\/s40201-021-00669-y","volume":"19","author":"R Ahmadkhaniha","year":"2021","unstructured":"Ahmadkhaniha R, Yousefian F, Rastkari N. Impact of smoking on oxidant\/antioxidant status and oxidative stress index levels in serum of the university students. J Environ Health Sci Eng. 2021;19(1):1043\u20136. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s40201-021-00669-y.","journal-title":"J Environ Health Sci Eng"},{"issue":"10","key":"1442_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1569","DOI":"10.1177\/0269881109105401","volume":"24","author":"P Celec","year":"2010","unstructured":"Celec P, Behuliak M. Behavioural and endocrine effects of chronic cola intake. J Psychopharmacol (Oxf). 2010;24(10):1569\u201372. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0269881109105401.","journal-title":"J Psychopharmacol (Oxf)"},{"issue":"3","key":"1442_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"301","DOI":"10.4183\/aeb.2022.301","volume":"18","author":"Z Gong","year":"2022","unstructured":"Gong Z. Carbonated beverages affect levels of androgen receptor and testosterone secretion in mice. Acta Endocrinol Buchar. 2022;18(3):301\u20135. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4183\/aeb.2022.301.","journal-title":"Acta Endocrinol Buchar"},{"issue":"6","key":"1442_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"357","DOI":"10.1101\/gr.4.6.357","volume":"4","author":"KJ Livak","year":"1995","unstructured":"Livak KJ, Flood SJ, Marmaro J, Giusti W, Deetz K. Oligonucleotides with fluorescent dyes at opposite ends provide a quenched probe system useful for detecting PCR product and nucleic acid hybridization. PCR Methods Appl. 1995;4(6):357\u201362. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1101\/gr.4.6.357.","journal-title":"PCR Methods Appl"},{"issue":"11","key":"1442_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e5512","DOI":"10.1590\/1414-431x20165512","volume":"49","author":"CDC Neves","year":"2016","unstructured":"Neves CDC, Lacerda ACR, Lage VKS, et al. Oxidative stress and skeletal muscle dysfunction are present in healthy smokers. Braz J Med Biol Res. 2016;49(11):e5512. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1590\/1414-431x20165512.","journal-title":"Braz J Med Biol Res"},{"issue":"12","key":"1442_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2439","DOI":"10.5664\/jcsm.9452","volume":"17","author":"DL De Oliveira","year":"2021","unstructured":"De Oliveira DL, Dokkedal-Silva V, Fernandes GL, Kim LJ, Tufik S, Andersen ML. Sleep duration as an independent factor associated with vitamin D levels in the EPISONO cohort. J Clin Sleep Med. 2021;17(12):2439\u201349. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5664\/jcsm.9452.","journal-title":"J Clin Sleep Med"},{"issue":"5","key":"1442_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"748","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2047-2927.2014.00247.x","volume":"2","author":"E Lerchbaum","year":"2014","unstructured":"Lerchbaum E, Pilz S, Trummer C, et al. Serum vitamin D levels and hypogonadism in men. Andrology. 2014;2(5):748\u201354. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.2047-2927.2014.00247.x.","journal-title":"Andrology"},{"key":"1442_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Monson NR, Klair N, Patel U, et al. Association between vitamin D deficiency and testosterone levels in adult males: A systematic review. Cureus Published Online September. 2023;24. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7759\/cureus.45856.","DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.45856"},{"issue":"10","key":"1442_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1757","DOI":"10.5664\/jcsm.7390","volume":"14","author":"W Zhang","year":"2018","unstructured":"Zhang W, Piotrowska K, Chavoshan B, Wallace J, Liu PY. Sleep duration is associated with testis size in healthy young men. J Clin Sleep Med. 2018;14(10):1757\u201364. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5664\/jcsm.7390.","journal-title":"J Clin Sleep Med"},{"issue":"6","key":"1442_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1123","DOI":"10.1007\/s11154-022-09765-2","volume":"23","author":"BD Anawalt","year":"2022","unstructured":"Anawalt BD, Matsumoto AM. Aging and androgens: physiology and clinical implications. Rev Endocr Metab Disord. 2022;23(6):1123\u201337. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11154-022-09765-2.","journal-title":"Rev Endocr Metab Disord"},{"issue":"1","key":"1442_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1447-0594.2009.00552.x","volume":"10","author":"S Fukai","year":"2010","unstructured":"Fukai S, Akishita M, Miyao M, Ishida K, Toba K, Ouchi Y. Age-related changes in plasma androgen levels and their association with cardiovascular risk factors in male Japanese office workers. Geriatr Gerontol Int. 2010;10(1):32\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1447-0594.2009.00552.x.","journal-title":"Geriatr Gerontol Int"},{"key":"1442_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ogoniak L, Sandmann S, Varghese J, Busch AS. 8039 role of genetics in the Age-Related testosterone decline in men: A UK biobank study. J Endocr Soc. 2024;8(Supplement1). bvae163.1665.","DOI":"10.1210\/jendso\/bvae163.1665"},{"issue":"11","key":"1442_CR68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1605","DOI":"10.2337\/diab.45.11.1605","volume":"45","author":"G Tibblin","year":"1996","unstructured":"Tibblin G, Adlerberth A, Lindstedt G, Bj\u00f6rntorp P. The Pituitary-Gonadal Axis and health in elderly men: A study of men born in 1913. Diabetes. 1996;45(11):1605\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2337\/diab.45.11.1605.","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"issue":"3","key":"1442_CR69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.53388\/FH2023013","volume":"5","author":"R Patil","year":"2023","unstructured":"Patil R, Sontakke T, Biradar A, Nalage D. Zinc: an essential trace element for human health and beyond. Food Health. 2023;5(3):13. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.53388\/FH2023013.","journal-title":"Food Health"}],"container-title":["Reproductive Biology and Endocrinology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12958-025-01442-8.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s12958-025-01442-8\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12958-025-01442-8.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,22]],"date-time":"2025-08-22T07:33:39Z","timestamp":1755848019000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/rbej.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s12958-025-01442-8"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,22]]},"references-count":69,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]}},"alternative-id":["1442"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12958-025-01442-8","relation":{},"ISSN":["1477-7827"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1477-7827","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,22]]},"assertion":[{"value":"31 March 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"9 July 2025","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"22 August 2025","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"This study was conducted in accordance with the principles outlined in the Declaration of Helsinki. Ethical approval was obtained from the Institutional Ethics Committee of MGM- Ethical Committee for Research on Human Subject (MGM- ECRHS), Aurangabad (approval number: MGM-ECRHS\/2023\/145, date: 6\/10\/2023). Prior to participation, written informed consent was obtained from all study participants after explaining the study objectives, procedures, risks, and benefits. Participants were informed of their right to withdraw from the study at any point without penalty. Confidentiality of participant data was maintained throughout the study period and during analysis.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not Applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":5,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Clinical trial number"}}],"article-number":"118"}}