{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,27]],"date-time":"2026-10-27T12:37:18Z","timestamp":1793104638064,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":124,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,28]],"date-time":"2026-07-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785196800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1792713600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":87,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"name":"the National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["82192873"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82192873"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01h0zpd94","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"the National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["82192873"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82192873"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01h0zpd94","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"the National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["82192873"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82192873"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01h0zpd94","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"the National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["82192873"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82192873"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01h0zpd94","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012166","name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2024YFC2706600"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2024YFC2706600"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012166","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012166","name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2024YFC2706600"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2024YFC2706600"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012166","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012166","name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2024YFC2706600"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2024YFC2706600"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012166","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"the Beijing Nova Program","award":["20240484604"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["20240484604"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/033pgsq69","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"the Tianfu Jincheng Laboratory Foundation","award":["TFJCPI20250032"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["TFJCPI20250032"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Reprod Biol Endocrinol"],"DOI":"10.1186\/s12958-026-01592-3","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,28]],"date-time":"2026-07-28T04:12:11Z","timestamp":1785211931000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Ovarian fibrosis in polyendocrine metabolic ovarian syndrome: emerging mechanisms and therapeutic implications"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"Mengqing","family":"Gu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jing","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhonghong","family":"Zeng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yang","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"1592_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kamenov Z, Gateva A. Inositols in PCOS. Molecules. 2020;25(23):5566.","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules25235566"},{"key":"1592_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rudnicka E, Kunicki M, Calik-Ksepka A, Suchta K, Duszewska A, Smolarczyk K et al. Anti-Mullerian Hormone in Pathogenesis, Diagnostic and Treatment of PCOS. Int J Mol Sci. 2021;22(22):12507.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms222212507"},{"key":"1592_CR3","first-page":"100060","volume":"3","author":"N Ajmal","year":"2019","unstructured":"Ajmal N, Khan SZ, Shaikh R. Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and genetic predisposition: A review article. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol X. 2019;3:100060.","journal-title":"Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol X"},{"key":"1592_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2017.06.011","volume":"130","author":"D Macut","year":"2017","unstructured":"Macut D, Bjekic-Macut J, Rahelic D, Doknic M. Insulin and the polycystic ovary syndrome. Diabetes Res Clin Pract. 2017;130:163\u201370.","journal-title":"Diabetes Res Clin Pract"},{"issue":"4","key":"1592_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"477","DOI":"10.1093\/humupd\/dmp008","volume":"15","author":"L Moran","year":"2009","unstructured":"Moran L, Teede H. Metabolic features of the reproductive phenotypes of polycystic ovary syndrome. Hum Reprod Update. 2009;15(4):477\u201388.","journal-title":"Hum Reprod Update"},{"issue":"2","key":"1592_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"450","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/dep384","volume":"25","author":"E Jedel","year":"2010","unstructured":"Jedel E, Waern M, Gustafson D, Landen M, Eriksson E, Holm G, et al. Anxiety and depression symptoms in women with polycystic ovary syndrome compared with controls matched for body mass index. Hum Reprod. 2010;25(2):450\u20136.","journal-title":"Hum Reprod"},{"issue":"10545","key":"1592_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2329","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(26)00717-8","volume":"407","author":"HJ Teede","year":"2026","unstructured":"Teede HJ, Khomami MB, Morman R, Laven JSE, Joham AE, Costello MF, et al. Polyendocrine metabolic ovarian syndrome, the new name for polycystic ovary syndrome: a multistep global consensus process. Lancet. 2026;407(10545):2329\u201339.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"1592_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Revised. 2003 consensus on diagnostic criteria and long-term health risks related to polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). Hum Reprod. 2004;19(1):41\u2009\u2013\u20097.","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/deh098"},{"issue":"6","key":"1592_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"576","DOI":"10.1159\/000545280","volume":"90","author":"V Unfer","year":"2025","unstructured":"Unfer V, Myers SH, Soulage CO, Unfer V. Endocrine Metabolic Syndrome and Metabolic Syndrome: Distinct but Interrelated Pathologies. Gynecol Obstet Invest. 2025;90(6):576\u201386.","journal-title":"Gynecol Obstet Invest"},{"issue":"6","key":"1592_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2307","DOI":"10.1007\/s00404-024-07408-2","volume":"309","author":"SH Myers","year":"2024","unstructured":"Myers SH, Montanino Oliva M, Nordio M, Unfer V. PCOS phenotype focus: phenotype D under the magnifying glass. Arch Gynecol Obstet. 2024;309(6):2307\u201313.","journal-title":"Arch Gynecol Obstet"},{"issue":"1","key":"1592_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"206","DOI":"10.1038\/s41392-022-01070-3","volume":"7","author":"M Zhao","year":"2022","unstructured":"Zhao M, Wang L, Wang M, Zhou S, Lu Y, Cui H, et al. Targeting fibrosis, mechanisms and cilinical trials. Signal Transduct Target Ther. 2022;7(1):206.","journal-title":"Signal Transduct Target Ther"},{"key":"1592_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rajan SK, Cottin V, Dhar R, Danoff S, Flaherty KR, Brown KK et al. Progressive pulmonary fibrosis: an expert group consensus statement. Eur Respir J. 2023;61(3):2103187.","DOI":"10.1183\/13993003.03187-2021"},{"issue":"3","key":"1592_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e2410416","DOI":"10.1002\/advs.202410416","volume":"12","author":"X Di","year":"2024","unstructured":"Di X, Li Y, Wei J, Li T, Liao B. Targeting Fibrosis: From Molecular Mechanisms to Advanced Therapies. Adv Sci (Weinh). 2024;12(3):e2410416.","journal-title":"Adv Sci (Weinh)"},{"key":"1592_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100159","DOI":"10.1016\/j.endmts.2024.100159","volume":"14","author":"V Unfer","year":"2024","unstructured":"Unfer V, Kandaraki E, Pkhaladze L, Roseff S, Vazquez-Levin M, Lagan\u00e0 A, et al. When one size does not fit all: reconsidering PCOS etiology, diagnosis, clinical subgroups, and subgroup-specific treatments. Endocr Metabolic Sci. 2024;14:100159.","journal-title":"Endocr Metabolic Sci"},{"issue":"2","key":"1592_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"456","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2008.06.035","volume":"91","author":"R Azziz","year":"2008","unstructured":"Azziz R, Carmina E, Dewailly D, Diamanti-Kandarakis E, Escobar-Morreale HF, Futterweit W, et al. The Androgen Excess and PCOS Society criteria for the polycystic ovary syndrome: the complete task force report. Fertil Steril. 2008;91(2):456\u201388.","journal-title":"Fertil Steril"},{"issue":"3","key":"1592_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"781","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2005-2153","volume":"91","author":"R Azziz","year":"2006","unstructured":"Azziz R. Controversy in clinical endocrinology: diagnosis of polycystic ovarian syndrome: the Rotterdam criteria are premature. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2006;91(3):781\u20135.","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"1592_CR17","volume-title":"A manual of pathological anatomy","author":"WE Rokitansky Cv, Swaine","year":"1849","unstructured":"Rokitansky Cv, Swaine WE, Sieveking EH, Moore CH, Day GE. A manual of pathological anatomy. London,: Printed for the Sydenham society; 1849."},{"key":"1592_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1186\/1477-7827-12-23","volume":"12","author":"K Rall","year":"2014","unstructured":"Rall K, Conzelmann G, Sch\u00e4ffeler N, Henes M, Wallwiener D, M\u00f6hrle M, et al. Acne and PCOS are less frequent in women with Mayer-Rokitansky-K\u00fcster-Hauser syndrome despite a high rate of hyperandrogenemia: a cross-sectional study. Reprod Biol Endocrinol. 2014;12:23.","journal-title":"Reprod Biol Endocrinol"},{"issue":"41","key":"1592_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1519","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0028-1119906","volume":"79","author":"E Philipp","year":"1954","unstructured":"Philipp E, Stange HH. [The polycystic ovary; Stein-Leventhal syndrome]. Dtsch Med Wochenschr. 1954;79(41):1519\u201322.","journal-title":"Dtsch Med Wochenschr"},{"key":"1592_CR20","unstructured":"Zawadzki JK. Diagnostic criteria for polycystic ovary syndrome: towards a rational approach. In: Dunaif A, Givens JR, Haseltine FP, Merriam GR, editors. Polycystic ovary syndrome: current issues in endocrinology and metabolism. Boston: Blackwell Scientific Publications; 1992. p. 377\u2013384."},{"issue":"1","key":"1592_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/deh098","volume":"19","author":"EA-SP Rotterdam","year":"2004","unstructured":"Rotterdam EA-SP. Revised 2003 consensus on diagnostic criteria and long-term health risks related to polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). Hum Reprod. 2004;19(1):41\u20137.","journal-title":"Hum Reprod"},{"key":"1592_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Revised. 2003 consensus on diagnostic criteria and long-term health risks related to polycystic ovary syndrome. Fertil Steril. 2004;81(1):19\u201325.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2003.10.004"},{"issue":"1","key":"1592_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"289","DOI":"10.1186\/s12916-025-04120-z","volume":"23","author":"X Yan","year":"2025","unstructured":"Yan X, Yang Z, Zhao H, Feng G, Li S, Li Y, et al. Unveiling lipoprotein subfractions signature in high-FNPO PCOS: implications for PCOM diagnosis and risk assessment using advanced machine learning models. BMC Med. 2025;23(1):289.","journal-title":"BMC Med"},{"issue":"11","key":"1592_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4237","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2006-0178","volume":"91","author":"R Azziz","year":"2006","unstructured":"Azziz R, Carmina E, Dewailly D, Diamanti-Kandarakis E, Escobar-Morreale HF, Futterweit W, et al. Criteria for defining polycystic ovary syndrome as a predominantly hyperandrogenic syndrome: an androgen excess society guideline. J Clin Endocrinol Metabolism. 2006;91(11):4237\u201345.","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metabolism"},{"issue":"1","key":"1592_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2016.05.003","volume":"106","author":"D Lizneva","year":"2016","unstructured":"Lizneva D, Suturina L, Walker W, Brakta S, Gavrilova-Jordan L, Azziz R. Criteria, prevalence, and phenotypes of polycystic ovary syndrome. Fertil Steril. 2016;106(1):6\u201315.","journal-title":"Fertil Steril"},{"issue":"9","key":"1592_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1602","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/dey256","volume":"33","author":"HJ Teede","year":"2018","unstructured":"Teede HJ, Misso ML, Costello MF, Dokras A, Laven J, Moran L, et al. Recommendations from the international evidence-based guideline for the assessment and management of polycystic ovary syndrome. Hum Reprod. 2018;33(9):1602\u201318.","journal-title":"Hum Reprod"},{"issue":"2","key":"1592_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"G43","DOI":"10.1093\/ejendo\/lvad096","volume":"189","author":"HJ Teede","year":"2023","unstructured":"Teede HJ, Tay CT, Laven JJ, Dokras A, Moran LJ, Piltonen TT, et al. Recommendations from the 2023 international evidence-based guideline for the assessment and management of polycystic ovary syndrome. Eur J Endocrinol. 2023;189(2):G43\u201364.","journal-title":"Eur J Endocrinol"},{"issue":"1","key":"1592_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.1093\/humupd\/dmae028","volume":"31","author":"AD Bizuneh","year":"2025","unstructured":"Bizuneh AD, Joham AE, Teede H, Mousa A, Earnest A, Hawley JM, et al. Evaluating the diagnostic accuracy of androgen measurement in polycystic ovary syndrome: a systematic review and diagnostic meta-analysis to inform evidence-based guidelines. Hum Reprod Update. 2025;31(1):48\u201363.","journal-title":"Hum Reprod Update"},{"issue":"4","key":"1592_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101665","DOI":"10.1016\/j.beem.2022.101665","volume":"36","author":"R Naamneh Elzenaty","year":"2022","unstructured":"Naamneh Elzenaty R, du Toit T, Fl\u00fcck CE. Basics of androgen synthesis and action. Best Pract Res Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2022;36(4):101665.","journal-title":"Best Pract Res Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"2","key":"1592_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1093\/humupd\/dmh010","volume":"10","author":"S Jonard","year":"2004","unstructured":"Jonard S, Dewailly D. The follicular excess in polycystic ovaries, due to intra-ovarian hyperandrogenism, may be the main culprit for the follicular arrest. Hum Reprod Update. 2004;10(2):107\u201317.","journal-title":"Hum Reprod Update"},{"issue":"5 Pt 2","key":"1592_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"910","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2025.08.023","volume":"124","author":"J Laven","year":"2025","unstructured":"Laven J. Polycystic ovary syndrome: antim\u00fcllerian hormone and its role in the pathophysiology of the syndrome. Fertil Steril. 2025;124(5 Pt 2):910\u20138.","journal-title":"Fertil Steril"},{"issue":"2","key":"1592_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1210\/endrev\/bnad027","volume":"45","author":"PC Eng","year":"2024","unstructured":"Eng PC, Phylactou M, Qayum A, Woods C, Lee H, Aziz S, et al. Obesity-Related Hypogonadism in Women. Endocr Rev. 2024;45(2):171\u201389.","journal-title":"Endocr Rev"},{"key":"1592_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yang J, Chen C. Hormonal changes in PCOS. J Endocrinol. 2024;261(1):e230342.","DOI":"10.1530\/JOE-23-0342"},{"key":"1592_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"112524","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mce.2025.112524","volume":"602","author":"S Basak","year":"2025","unstructured":"Basak S, Dixit AK, Dey RK, Puia L, Bora M, Kumar YRS, et al. An endocrinological perspective on polycystic ovarian syndrome. Mol Cell Endocrinol. 2025;602:112524.","journal-title":"Mol Cell Endocrinol"},{"key":"1592_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Diamanti-Kandarakis E, Dunaif A. Insulin resistance and the polycystic ovary syndrome revisited: an update on mechanisms and implications. Endocr Rev. 2012;33(6):981\u20131030.","DOI":"10.1210\/er.2011-1034"},{"key":"1592_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Martinez Guevara D, Vidal Ca\u00f1as S, Palacios I, G\u00f3mez A, Estrada M, Gallego J et al. Effectiveness of Probiotics, Prebiotics, and Synbiotics in Managing Insulin Resistance and Hormonal Imbalance in Women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS): A Systematic Review of Randomized Clinical Trials. Nutrients. 2024;16(22):3916.","DOI":"10.3390\/nu16223916"},{"key":"1592_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Barber TM, Kyrou I, Randeva HS, Weickert MO. Mechanisms of Insulin Resistance at the Crossroad of Obesity with Associated Metabolic Abnormalities and Cognitive Dysfunction. Int J Mol Sci. 2021;22(2):546.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms22020546"},{"issue":"4","key":"1592_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.1038\/nrendo.2010.217","volume":"7","author":"MO Goodarzi","year":"2011","unstructured":"Goodarzi MO, Dumesic DA, Chazenbalk G, Azziz R. Polycystic ovary syndrome: etiology, pathogenesis and diagnosis. Nat Rev Endocrinol. 2011;7(4):219\u201331.","journal-title":"Nat Rev Endocrinol"},{"key":"1592_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms21218191","volume":"21","author":"X Qu","year":"2020","unstructured":"Qu X, Donnelly R. Sex Hormone-Binding Globulin (SHBG) as an Early Biomarker and Therapeutic Target in Polycystic Ovary Syndrome. Int J Mol Sci. 2020;21:21.","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"issue":"3\u20134","key":"1592_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"231","DOI":"10.1016\/S0378-4320(00)00229-3","volume":"65","author":"PM Bartlewski","year":"2001","unstructured":"Bartlewski PM, Beard AP, Rawlings NC. Ultrasonographic study of the effects of the corpus luteum on antral follicular development in unilaterally ovulating western white-faced ewes. Anim Reprod Sci. 2001;65(3\u20134):231\u201344.","journal-title":"Anim Reprod Sci"},{"key":"1592_CR41","unstructured":"Cui K, Tian M, Zefang MA, Liang Y, Yanpeng LI, Gao S et al. Microstructure Observation on the Follicular Development of Blue Fox during the Estrous Period. Agric Sci Technol (Hunan). 2012;13(3):644\u2013648, 685."},{"issue":"4","key":"1592_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"476","DOI":"10.1006\/frne.1996.0013","volume":"17","author":"PG Knight","year":"1996","unstructured":"Knight PG. Roles of inhibins, activins, and follistatin in the female reproductive system. Front Neuroendocrinol. 1996;17(4):476\u2013509.","journal-title":"Front Neuroendocrinol"},{"issue":"1\u20133","key":"1592_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"132","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ygcen.2007.01.026","volume":"153","author":"J Roa","year":"2007","unstructured":"Roa J, Tena-Sempere M. KiSS-1 system and reproduction: comparative aspects and roles in the control of female gonadotropic axis in mammals. Gen Comp Endocrinol. 2007;153(1\u20133):132\u201340.","journal-title":"Gen Comp Endocrinol"},{"issue":"4","key":"1592_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"289","DOI":"10.5455\/medarh.2020.74.289-293","volume":"74","author":"Z Saadia","year":"2020","unstructured":"Saadia Z. Follicle Stimulating Hormone (LH: FSH) Ratio in Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) - Obese vs. Non- Obese Women. Med Arch. 2020;74(4):289\u201393.","journal-title":"Med Arch"},{"issue":"24","key":"1592_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1958","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.123.065827","volume":"148","author":"L Gao","year":"2023","unstructured":"Gao L, Zhao Y, Wu H, Lin X, Guo F, Li J, et al. Polycystic Ovary Syndrome Fuels Cardiovascular Inflammation and Aggravates Ischemic Cardiac Injury. Circulation. 2023;148(24):1958\u201373.","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"1592_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dabravolski SA, Nikiforov NG, Eid AH, Nedosugova LV, Starodubova AV, Popkova TV et al. Mitochondrial Dysfunction and Chronic Inflammation in Polycystic Ovary Syndrome. Int J Mol Sci. 2021;22(8):3923.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms22083923"},{"issue":"3","key":"1592_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"656","DOI":"10.1210\/clinem\/dgaf524","volume":"111","author":"G Pacheco-Sanchez","year":"2026","unstructured":"Pacheco-Sanchez G, Herrera R, Pisarska MD, Azziz R, Nicholas DA, Chan JL. Multiracial Cytokine Profiling Reveals Immune Dysregulation not Chronic Inflammation in Polycystic Ovary Syndrome. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2026;111(3):656\u201364.","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"8","key":"1592_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2307","DOI":"10.1210\/clinem\/dgac281","volume":"107","author":"Y Lai","year":"2022","unstructured":"Lai Y, Ye Z, Mu L, Zhang Y, Long X, Zhang C, et al. Elevated Levels of Follicular Fatty Acids Induce Ovarian Inflammation via ERK1\/2 and Inflammasome Activation in PCOS. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2022;107(8):2307\u201317.","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"3","key":"1592_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"584","DOI":"10.1093\/humupd\/dmaa051","volume":"27","author":"S Palomba","year":"2021","unstructured":"Palomba S, Piltonen TT, Giudice LC. Endometrial function in women with polycystic ovary syndrome: a comprehensive review. Hum Reprod Update. 2021;27(3):584\u2013618.","journal-title":"Hum Reprod Update"},{"key":"1592_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhang H-T, Wei Y-L, Chen L, Fan X-J, Zhang J-W, Zhuang X-D et al. She ethnomedicine ameliorates ovarian dysfunction through enhanced cellular proliferation and anti-inflammation. J Ethnopharmacol. 2025;353(Pt A):120294.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2025.120294"},{"issue":"3","key":"1592_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"150","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tem.2019.01.005","volume":"30","author":"Z Merhi","year":"2019","unstructured":"Merhi Z, Kandaraki EA, Diamanti-Kandarakis E. Implications and Future Perspectives of AGEs in PCOS Pathophysiology. Trends Endocrinol Metab. 2019;30(3):150\u201362.","journal-title":"Trends Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"2","key":"1592_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"R1","DOI":"10.1530\/JOE-21-0143","volume":"251","author":"C Tatone","year":"2021","unstructured":"Tatone C, Di Emidio G, Placidi M, Rossi G, Ruggieri S, Taccaliti C, et al. AGEs-related dysfunctions in PCOS: evidence from animal and clinical research. J Endocrinol. 2021;251(2):R1\u20139.","journal-title":"J Endocrinol"},{"key":"1592_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lv Z, Guo Y. Metformin and Its Benefits for Various Diseases. Front Endocrinol. 2020;11:191.","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2020.00191"},{"issue":"9","key":"1592_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"521","DOI":"10.1038\/s41574-021-00517-x","volume":"17","author":"E Stener-Victorin","year":"2021","unstructured":"Stener-Victorin E, Deng Q. Epigenetic inheritance of polycystic ovary syndrome - challenges and opportunities for treatment. Nat Rev Endocrinol. 2021;17(9):521\u201333.","journal-title":"Nat Rev Endocrinol"},{"issue":"35","key":"1592_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"eabq1475","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.abq1475","volume":"8","author":"DA Landry","year":"2022","unstructured":"Landry DA, Yakubovich E, Cook DP, Fasih S, Upham J, Vanderhyden BC. Metformin prevents age-associated ovarian fibrosis by modulating the immune landscape in female mice. Sci Adv. 2022;8(35):eabq1475.","journal-title":"Sci Adv"},{"issue":"9","key":"1592_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"113090","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2023.113090","volume":"42","author":"D Wang","year":"2023","unstructured":"Wang D, Zhu Z, Fu Y, Zhang Q, Zhang Y, Wang T, et al. Bromodomain-containing protein 4 activates androgen receptor transcription and promotes ovarian fibrosis in PCOS. Cell Rep. 2023;42(9):113090.","journal-title":"Cell Rep"},{"issue":"1","key":"1592_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1016\/S0303-7207(02)00053-9","volume":"191","author":"JK Findlay","year":"2002","unstructured":"Findlay JK, Drummond AE, Dyson ML, Baillie AJ, Robertson DM, Ethier JF. Recruitment and development of the follicle; the roles of the transforming growth factor-beta superfamily. Mol Cell Endocrinol. 2002;191(1):35\u201343.","journal-title":"Mol Cell Endocrinol"},{"issue":"2\u20133","key":"1592_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1016\/0303-7207(88)90150-5","volume":"58","author":"ZW Zhang","year":"1988","unstructured":"Zhang ZW, Findlay JK, Carson RS, Herington AC, Burger HG. Transforming growth factor beta enhances basal and FSH-stimulated inhibin production by rat granulosa cells in vitro. Mol Cell Endocrinol. 1988;58(2\u20133):161\u20136.","journal-title":"Mol Cell Endocrinol"},{"issue":"11","key":"1592_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3074","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/det341","volume":"28","author":"X Zhang","year":"2013","unstructured":"Zhang X, Zhang C, Shen S, Xia Yj, Yi L, Gao Q, et al. Dehydroepiandrosterone induces ovarian and uterine hyperfibrosis in female rats. Hum Reprod. 2013;28(11):3074\u201385.","journal-title":"Hum Reprod"},{"issue":"2","key":"1592_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"156","DOI":"10.1038\/cr.2009.5","volume":"19","author":"J Xu","year":"2009","unstructured":"Xu J, Lamouille S, Derynck R. TGF-beta-induced epithelial to mesenchymal transition. Cell Res. 2009;19(2):156\u201372.","journal-title":"Cell Res"},{"key":"1592_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wang X, Eichhorn PJA, Thiery JP. TGF-\u03b2, EMT, and resistance to anti-cancer treatment. Semin Cancer Biol. 2023;97:1\u201311.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.semcancer.2023.10.004"},{"key":"1592_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ou S-C, Bai K-J, Cheng W-H, Chen J-Y, Lin C-H, Wen H-C et al. TGF-\u03b2 Induced CTGF Expression in Human Lung Epithelial Cells through ERK, ADAM17, RSK1, and C\/EBP\u03b2 Pathways. Int J Mol Sci. 2020;21(23):9084.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms21239084"},{"key":"1592_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"176711","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2024.176711","volume":"977","author":"C-H Liu","year":"2024","unstructured":"Liu C-H, Lee H-S, Liou J-P, Hua H-S, Cheng W-H, Yuliani FS, et al. MPT0E028, a novel pan-HDAC inhibitor, prevents pulmonary fibrosis through inhibition of TGF-\u03b2-induced CTGF expression in human lung fibroblasts: Involvement of MKP-1 activation. Eur J Pharmacol. 2024;977:176711.","journal-title":"Eur J Pharmacol"},{"issue":"2","key":"1592_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"314","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ygcen.2012.06.018","volume":"178","author":"G Zhu","year":"2012","unstructured":"Zhu G, Kang L, Yang C, Zhang X, Wang M, Jiang Y. Differential expression of CTGF in pre- and post-ovulatory granulosa cells in the hen ovary is regulated by TGF\u03b21 and gonadotrophins. Gen Comp Endocrinol. 2012;178(2):314\u201322.","journal-title":"Gen Comp Endocrinol"},{"issue":"12","key":"1592_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"786","DOI":"10.1038\/nrm3904","volume":"15","author":"C Bonnans","year":"2014","unstructured":"Bonnans C, Chou J, Werb Z. Remodelling the extracellular matrix in development and disease. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol. 2014;15(12):786\u2013801.","journal-title":"Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol"},{"issue":"7","key":"1592_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e2407134","DOI":"10.1002\/advs.202407134","volume":"12","author":"W Sun","year":"2024","unstructured":"Sun W, Zhou S, Peng L, Wang W, Liu Y, Wang T, et al. Fatty Acid Oxidation-Glycolysis Metabolic Transition Affects ECM Homeostasis in Silica-Induced Pulmonary Fibrosis. Adv Sci (Weinh). 2024;12(7):e2407134.","journal-title":"Adv Sci (Weinh)"},{"issue":"1","key":"1592_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"239","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2025.02.039","volume":"83","author":"A de Zawadzki","year":"2025","unstructured":"de Zawadzki A, Leeming DJ, Sanyal AJ, Anstee QM, Schattenberg JM, Friedman SL, et al. Hot and cold fibrosis: The role of serum biomarkers to assess immune mechanisms and ECM-cell interactions in human fibrosis. J Hepatol. 2025;83(1):239\u201357.","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"key":"1592_CR68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"120","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cytogfr.2025.05.007","volume":"84","author":"Z Ansari","year":"2025","unstructured":"Ansari Z, Chaurasia A, Neha, Sharma N, Bachheti RK, Gupta PC. Exploring inflammatory and fibrotic mechanisms driving diabetic nephropathy progression. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev. 2025;84:120\u201334.","journal-title":"Cytokine Growth Factor Rev"},{"issue":"8","key":"1592_CR69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2394","DOI":"10.7150\/ijbs.77649","volume":"19","author":"Y Huang","year":"2023","unstructured":"Huang Y, Zhao H, Zhang Y, Tang Y, Shi X, Jiang S, et al. Enhancement of Zyxin Promotes Skin Fibrosis by Regulating FAK\/PI3K\/AKT and TGF-\u03b2 Signaling Pathways via Integrins. Int J Biol Sci. 2023;19(8):2394\u2013408.","journal-title":"Int J Biol Sci"},{"key":"1592_CR70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"112947","DOI":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2024.112947","volume":"141","author":"Z Wang","year":"2024","unstructured":"Wang Z, Yang J, Tu M, Zhang R, Ma Y, Jin H, et al. Integrin-\u03b21 aggravates paraquat-induced pulmonary fibrosis by activation of FAK\/ ERK1\/2 pathway depending on fibrotic ECM. Int Immunopharmacol. 2024;141:112947.","journal-title":"Int Immunopharmacol"},{"key":"1592_CR71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cai B, Dongiovanni P, Corey KE, Wang X, Shmarakov IO, Zheng Z et al. Macrophage MerTK Promotes Liver Fibrosis in Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis. Cell Metab. 2019;31(2):406\u2013421.e7.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2019.11.013"},{"issue":"1","key":"1592_CR72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"269","DOI":"10.1186\/s10020-024-01047-8","volume":"30","author":"Q Meng","year":"2024","unstructured":"Meng Q, Bao D, Liu S, Huang J, Guo M, Dai B, et al. ADAM Metallopeptidase domain 19 promotes skin fibrosis in systemic sclerosis via neuregulin-1. Mol Med. 2024;30(1):269.","journal-title":"Mol Med"},{"key":"1592_CR73","first-page":"106","volume":"68\u201369","author":"M Mack","year":"2017","unstructured":"Mack M. Inflammation and fibrosis. Matrix Biol. 2017;68\u201369:106\u201321.","journal-title":"Matrix Biol"},{"key":"1592_CR74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Savin IA, Zenkova MA, Sen\u2019kova AV. Pulmonary Fibrosis as a Result of Acute Lung Inflammation: Molecular Mechanisms, Relevant In Vivo Models, Prognostic and Therapeutic Approaches. Int J Mol Sci. 2022;23(23).","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms232314959"},{"key":"1592_CR75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Winkler I, Tolkachov A, Lammers F, Lacour P, Daugelaite K, Schneider N et al. The cycling and aging mouse female reproductive tract at single-cell resolution. Cell. 2024;187(4):981\u2013998.e25.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2024.01.021"},{"issue":"3","key":"1592_CR76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"365","DOI":"10.4103\/0366-6999.198931","volume":"130","author":"F Zhou","year":"2017","unstructured":"Zhou F, Shi L-B, Zhang S-Y. Ovarian Fibrosis: A Phenomenon of Concern. Chin Med J (Engl). 2017;130(3):365\u201371.","journal-title":"Chin Med J (Engl)"},{"issue":"4","key":"1592_CR77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"979","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2012.01.100","volume":"97","author":"J Shi","year":"2012","unstructured":"Shi J, Yoshino O, Osuga Y, Akiyama I, Harada M, Koga K, et al. Growth differentiation factor 3 is induced by bone morphogenetic protein 6 (BMP-6) and BMP-7 and increases luteinizing hormone receptor messenger RNA expression in human granulosa cells. Fertil Steril. 2012;97(4):979\u201383.","journal-title":"Fertil Steril"},{"key":"1592_CR78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"72","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2015.11.012","volume":"243","author":"D Liang","year":"2015","unstructured":"Liang D, Wang Y, Zhu Z, Yang G, An G, Li X, et al. BMP-7 attenuated silica-induced pulmonary fibrosis through modulation of the balance between TGF-\u03b2\/Smad and BMP-7\/Smad signaling pathway. Chem Biol Interact. 2015;243:72\u201381.","journal-title":"Chem Biol Interact"},{"issue":"12","key":"1592_CR79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3316","DOI":"10.1007\/s43032-021-00600-8","volume":"28","author":"D Yang","year":"2021","unstructured":"Yang D, Yang X, Dai F, Wang Y, Yang Y, Hu M, et al. The Role of Bone Morphogenetic Protein 4 in Ovarian Function and Diseases. Reprod Sci. 2021;28(12):3316\u201330.","journal-title":"Reprod Sci"},{"issue":"3","key":"1592_CR80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"889","DOI":"10.3892\/mmr.2014.1895","volume":"9","author":"Y-X Wang","year":"2014","unstructured":"Wang Y-X, Zhu W-J, Xie B-G. Expression of PPAR-\u03b3 in adipose tissue of rats with polycystic ovary syndrome induced by DHEA. Mol Med Rep. 2014;9(3):889\u201393.","journal-title":"Mol Med Rep"},{"issue":"6","key":"1592_CR81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1248","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2019.01.021","volume":"176","author":"RS Apte","year":"2019","unstructured":"Apte RS, Chen DS, Ferrara N. VEGF in Signaling and Disease: Beyond Discovery and Development. Cell. 2019;176(6):1248\u201364.","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"1592_CR82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"129177","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2020.129177","volume":"266","author":"J Sun","year":"2020","unstructured":"Sun J, Shi L, Xiao T, Xue J, Li J, Wang P, et al. microRNA-21, via the HIF-1\u03b1\/VEGF signaling pathway, is involved in arsenite-induced hepatic fibrosis through aberrant cross-talk of hepatocytes and hepatic stellate cells. Chemosphere. 2020;266:129177.","journal-title":"Chemosphere"},{"issue":"4","key":"1592_CR83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"501","DOI":"10.1530\/REP-11-0091","volume":"143","author":"Y Qiu","year":"2012","unstructured":"Qiu Y, Seager M, Osman A, Castle-Miller J, Bevan H, Tortonese DJ, et al. Ovarian VEGF(165)b expression regulates follicular development, corpus luteum function and fertility. Reproduction. 2012;143(4):501\u201311.","journal-title":"Reproduction"},{"issue":"11","key":"1592_CR84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e13491","DOI":"10.1111\/cpr.13491","volume":"56","author":"Y Lin","year":"2023","unstructured":"Lin Y, Jiang Y, Xian H, Cai X, Wang T. Expression and correlation of the Pi3k\/Akt pathway and VEGF in oral submucous fibrosis. Cell Prolif. 2023;56(11):e13491.","journal-title":"Cell Prolif"},{"issue":"Suppl 3","key":"1592_CR85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1111\/dom.16422","volume":"27","author":"S Saadati","year":"2025","unstructured":"Saadati S, Mason T, Godini R, Vanky E, Teede H, Mousa A. Metformin use in women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS): Opportunities, benefits, and clinical challenges. Diabetes Obes Metab. 2025;27(Suppl 3):31\u201347.","journal-title":"Diabetes Obes Metab"},{"key":"1592_CR86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms251910636","volume":"25","author":"E Kukaev","year":"2024","unstructured":"Kukaev E, Kirillova E, Tokareva A, Rimskaya E, Starodubtseva N, Chernukha G, et al. Impact of Gut Microbiota and SCFAs in the Pathogenesis of PCOS and the Effect of Metformin Therapy. Int J Mol Sci. 2024;25:19.","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"1592_CR87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1366940","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2024.1366940","volume":"15","author":"M Jensterle","year":"2024","unstructured":"Jensterle M, Ferjan S, Janez A. The maintenance of long-term weight loss after semaglutide withdrawal in obese women with PCOS treated with metformin: a 2-year observational study. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne). 2024;15:1366940.","journal-title":"Front Endocrinol (Lausanne)"},{"issue":"1","key":"1592_CR88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1186\/s12958-023-01055-z","volume":"21","author":"D Greff","year":"2023","unstructured":"Greff D, Juh\u00e1sz AE, V\u00e1ncsa S, V\u00e1radi A, Sipos Z, Szinte J, et al. Inositol is an effective and safe treatment in polycystic ovary syndrome: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Reprod Biol Endocrinol. 2023;21(1):10.","journal-title":"Reprod Biol Endocrinol"},{"issue":"3","key":"1592_CR89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"529","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/deh103","volume":"19","author":"E Vanky","year":"2004","unstructured":"Vanky E, Salvesen KA, Carlsen SM. Six-month treatment with low-dose dexamethasone further reduces androgen levels in PCOS women treated with diet and lifestyle advice, and metformin. Hum Reprod. 2004;19(3):529\u201333.","journal-title":"Hum Reprod"},{"key":"1592_CR90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Brown J, Farquhar C, Beck J, Boothroyd C, Hughes E. Clomiphene and anti-oestrogens for ovulation induction in PCOS. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2009(4):CD002249.","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD002249.pub4"},{"issue":"1","key":"1592_CR91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1186\/s12978-021-01207-7","volume":"18","author":"H Zhao","year":"2021","unstructured":"Zhao H, Xing C, Zhang J, He B. Comparative efficacy of oral insulin sensitizers metformin, thiazolidinediones, inositol, and berberine in improving endocrine and metabolic profiles in women with PCOS: a network meta-analysis. Reprod Health. 2021;18(1):171.","journal-title":"Reprod Health"},{"key":"1592_CR92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Barrea L, Arnone A, Annunziata G, Muscogiuri G, Laudisio D, Salzano C et al. Adherence to the Mediterranean Diet, Dietary Patterns and Body Composition in Women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS). Nutrients. 2019;11(10):2278.","DOI":"10.3390\/nu11102278"},{"issue":"5","key":"1592_CR93","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1339","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2016.10.043","volume":"167","author":"MS Desai","year":"2016","unstructured":"Desai MS, Seekatz AM, Koropatkin NM, Kamada N, Hickey CA, Wolter M, et al. A Dietary Fiber-Deprived Gut Microbiota Degrades the Colonic Mucus Barrier and Enhances Pathogen Susceptibility. Cell. 2016;167(5):1339\u2013e5321.","journal-title":"Cell"},{"issue":"2","key":"1592_CR94","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"411","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2005.12.054","volume":"86","author":"CC Douglas","year":"2006","unstructured":"Douglas CC, Norris LE, Oster RA, Darnell BE, Azziz R, Gower BA. Difference in dietary intake between women with polycystic ovary syndrome and healthy controls. Fertility Steril. 2006;86(2):411\u20137.","journal-title":"Fertility Steril"},{"key":"1592_CR95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bordewijk EM, Ng K, Rakic L, Mol B, Wely MV. Laparoscopic ovarian drilling for ovulation induction in women with anovulatory polycystic ovary syndrome. Cochrane database Syst reviews (Online). 2020;2(3).","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD001122.pub5"},{"issue":"3","key":"1592_CR96","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1431","DOI":"10.1007\/s11010-025-05467-w","volume":"481","author":"A Abou-El-Naga","year":"2026","unstructured":"Abou-El-Naga A, Elarby NY, Sobh MA, Mutawa G. Therapeutic potential of umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stem\/stromal cells versus their conditioned media on treatment of polycystic ovary In-vivo. Mol Cell Biochem. 2026;481(3):1431\u201352.","journal-title":"Mol Cell Biochem"},{"issue":"1","key":"1592_CR97","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"388","DOI":"10.1186\/s13287-021-02472-w","volume":"12","author":"RM Chugh","year":"2021","unstructured":"Chugh RM, Park H-S, El Andaloussi A, Elsharoud A, Esfandyari S, Ulin M, et al. Mesenchymal stem cell therapy ameliorates metabolic dysfunction and restores fertility in a PCOS mouse model through interleukin-10. Stem Cell Res Ther. 2021;12(1):388.","journal-title":"Stem Cell Res Ther"},{"key":"1592_CR98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chugh RM, Park H-S, Esfandyari S, Elsharoud A, Ulin M, Al-Hendy A. Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Conditioned Media Regulate Steroidogenesis and Inhibit Androgen Secretion in a PCOS Cell Model via BMP-2. Int J Mol Sci. 2021;22(17).","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms22179184"},{"issue":"8","key":"1592_CR99","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3385","DOI":"10.7150\/thno.94943","volume":"14","author":"Y Fu","year":"2024","unstructured":"Fu Y, Zhang M, Sui B, Yuan F, Zhang W, Weng Y, et al. Mesenchymal stem cell-derived apoptotic vesicles ameliorate impaired ovarian folliculogenesis in polycystic ovary syndrome and ovarian aging by targeting WNT signaling. Theranostics. 2024;14(8):3385\u2013403.","journal-title":"Theranostics"},{"key":"1592_CR100","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"575","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2020.00575","volume":"11","author":"Y Zhu","year":"2020","unstructured":"Zhu Y, Li Y, Liu M, Hu X, Zhu H. Guizhi Fuling Wan, Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ameliorates Insulin Sensitivity in PCOS Model Rats With Insulin Resistance via Remodeling Intestinal Homeostasis. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne). 2020;11:575.","journal-title":"Front Endocrinol (Lausanne)"},{"key":"1592_CR101","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8865647","DOI":"10.1155\/2020\/8865647","volume":"2020","author":"C Wang","year":"2020","unstructured":"Wang C, Ding C, Hua Z, Chen C, Yu J. Cangfudaotan Decoction Alleviates Insulin Resistance and Improves Follicular Development in Rats with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome via IGF-1-PI3K\/Akt-Bax\/Bcl-2 Pathway. Mediators Inflamm. 2020;2020:8865647.","journal-title":"Mediators Inflamm"},{"issue":"1","key":"1592_CR102","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1186\/s40199-017-0188-7","volume":"25","author":"H Zhao","year":"2017","unstructured":"Zhao H, Zhou D, Chen Y, Liu D, Chu S, Zhang S. Beneficial effects of Heqi san on rat model of polycystic ovary syndrome through the PI3K\/AKT pathway. Daru. 2017;25(1):21.","journal-title":"Daru"},{"key":"1592_CR103","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"111965","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2019.111965","volume":"250","author":"Z Qiu","year":"2019","unstructured":"Qiu Z, Dong J, Xue C, Li X, Liu K, Liu B, et al. Liuwei Dihuang Pills alleviate the polycystic ovary syndrome with improved insulin sensitivity through PI3K\/Akt signaling pathway. J Ethnopharmacol. 2019;250:111965.","journal-title":"J Ethnopharmacol"},{"issue":"4","key":"1592_CR104","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"695","DOI":"10.1093\/biolre\/ioz141","volume":"101","author":"L Huang","year":"2019","unstructured":"Huang L, Wang L, Bao H, Xu Y, Meng M, Qiao M, et al. Traditional Chinese medicine Dingkun Pill facilitates uterine receptivity for implantation in mice\u2020. Biol Reprod. 2019;101(4):695\u2013703.","journal-title":"Biol Reprod"},{"issue":"1","key":"1592_CR105","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"176","DOI":"10.1186\/s13048-023-01215-0","volume":"16","author":"M Gu","year":"2023","unstructured":"Gu M, Cai H, Deng W, Tang Y, Du S, Wang P, et al. Dingkun pill alleviates metabolic abnormalities in polycystic ovary syndrome through brown adipose tissue activation. J Ovarian Res. 2023;16(1):176.","journal-title":"J Ovarian Res"},{"key":"1592_CR106","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"141049","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2020.141049","volume":"745","author":"D Wang","year":"2020","unstructured":"Wang D, Weng Y, Zhang Y, Wang R, Wang T, Zhou J, et al. Exposure to hyperandrogen drives ovarian dysfunction and fibrosis by activating the NLRP3 inflammasome in mice. Sci Total Environ. 2020;745:141049.","journal-title":"Sci Total Environ"},{"issue":"1","key":"1592_CR107","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1186\/s13048-023-01242-x","volume":"16","author":"Y Weng","year":"2023","unstructured":"Weng Y, Zhang Y, Wang D, Wang R, Xiang Z, Shen S, et al. Exercise-induced irisin improves follicular dysfunction by inhibiting IRE1\u03b1-TXNIP\/ROS-NLRP3 pathway in PCOS. J Ovarian Res. 2023;16(1):151.","journal-title":"J Ovarian Res"},{"issue":"6","key":"1592_CR108","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1163","DOI":"10.1007\/s10735-024-10257-7","volume":"55","author":"C Shen","year":"2024","unstructured":"Shen C, Jiang Y, Lin J, Guo Q, Fang D. METTL3 silencing inhibits ferroptosis to suppress ovarian fibrosis in PCOS by upregulating m6A modification of GPX4. J Mol Histol. 2024;55(6):1163\u201375.","journal-title":"J Mol Histol"},{"key":"1592_CR109","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhu Z, Wang Y, Chen H, Yu X, Wang T, Weng Y et al. Identification of A p300-SP1-BRD4 Transcriptional Axis as a Key Driver of AR Hyperactivation in Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome. Adv Sci (Weinh). 2026:e18185.","DOI":"10.1002\/advs.202518185"},{"issue":"5","key":"1592_CR110","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e13723","DOI":"10.1111\/jfbc.13723","volume":"45","author":"Y Zhou","year":"2021","unstructured":"Zhou Y, Lan H, Dong Z, Cao W, Zeng Z, Song J-L. Dietary proanthocyanidins alleviated ovarian fibrosis in letrozole-induced polycystic ovary syndrome in rats. J Food Biochem. 2021;45(5):e13723.","journal-title":"J Food Biochem"},{"issue":"1","key":"1592_CR111","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"132","DOI":"10.1186\/s12931-023-02421-6","volume":"24","author":"J-M Li","year":"2023","unstructured":"Li J-M, Chang W-H, Li L, Yang DC, Hsu S-W, Kenyon NJ, et al. Inositol possesses antifibrotic activity and mitigates pulmonary fibrosis. Respir Res. 2023;24(1):132.","journal-title":"Respir Res"},{"key":"1592_CR112","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1030238","DOI":"10.1155\/2022\/1030238","volume":"2022","author":"Y Liang","year":"2022","unstructured":"Liang Y, Xu Y, Lu B, Huang Y, Xu S, Xie J, et al. Inositol Alleviates Pulmonary Fibrosis by Promoting Autophagy via Inhibiting the HIF-1\u03b1-SLUG Axis in Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome. Oxid Med Cell Longev. 2022;2022:1030238.","journal-title":"Oxid Med Cell Longev"},{"issue":"1","key":"1592_CR113","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"170","DOI":"10.1186\/s13048-023-01244-9","volume":"16","author":"AS Roodbari","year":"2023","unstructured":"Roodbari AS, Solhjoo S, Palmerini MG, Mansouri M, Ezzatabadipour M. The effect of human menstrual blood-derived stem cells on ovarian folliculogenesis, angiogenesis and collagen volume in female rats affected by the polycystic ovary syndrome. J Ovarian Res. 2023;16(1):170.","journal-title":"J Ovarian Res"},{"issue":"6","key":"1592_CR114","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1286","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2020.01.027","volume":"113","author":"W Chu","year":"2020","unstructured":"Chu W, Han Q, Xu J, Wang J, Du Y. Metagenomic analysis identified microbiome alterations and pathological association between intestinal microbiota and polycystic ovary syndrome. Fertil Steril. 2020;113(6):1286\u2013e984.","journal-title":"Fertil Steril"},{"key":"1592_CR115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Liang Z, Di N, Li L, Yang D. Gut microbiota alterations reveal potential gut\u2013brain axis changes in polycystic ovary syndrome. J Endocrinol Investig. 2021(2):1727\u201337.","DOI":"10.1007\/s40618-020-01481-5"},{"key":"1592_CR116","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Liang Y, Ming Q, Liang J, Zhang Y, Zhang H, Shen T. Gut microbiota dysbiosis in polycystic ovary syndrome: association with obesity - a preliminary report. Can J Physiol Pharmacol. 2020(11):803\u20139.","DOI":"10.1139\/cjpp-2019-0413"},{"issue":"8","key":"1592_CR117","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1225","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-019-0509-0","volume":"25","author":"X Qi","year":"2019","unstructured":"Qi X, Yun C, Sun L, Xia J, Wu Q, Wang Y, et al. Gut microbiota-bile acid-interleukin-22 axis orchestrates polycystic ovary syndrome. Nat Med. 2019;25(8):1225\u201333.","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"key":"1592_CR118","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Osibogun O, Ogunmoroti O, Michos ED. Polycystic Ovary Syndrome and Cardiometabolic Risk: Opportunities for Cardiovascular Disease Prevention. Trends Cardiovasc Med. 2019;30(7):399\u2013404.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tcm.2019.08.010"},{"issue":"2","key":"1592_CR119","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.3233\/JAD-2004-6206","volume":"6","author":"M Mhatre","year":"2004","unstructured":"Mhatre M, Floyd RA, Hensley K, Polidori MC. Oxidative stress and neuroinflammation in Alzheimer\u2019s disease and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: common links and potential therapeutic targets. J Alzheimer\\s Disease. 2004;6(2):147\u201357.","journal-title":"J Alzheimer\\s Disease"},{"issue":"1","key":"1592_CR120","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"511","DOI":"10.1186\/1472-6882-14-511","volume":"14","author":"S Arentz","year":"2014","unstructured":"Arentz S, Abbott JA, Smith CA, Bensoussan A. Herbal medicine for the management of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and associated oligo\/amenorrhoea and hyperandrogenism; a review of the laboratory evidence for effects with corroborative clinical findings. BMC Complement Altern Med. 2014;14(1):511.","journal-title":"BMC Complement Altern Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"1592_CR121","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1330","DOI":"10.1002\/ptr.5858","volume":"31","author":"S Arentz","year":"2017","unstructured":"Arentz S, Smith CA, Abbott J, Fahey P, Bensoussan A. Combined Lifestyle and Herbal Medicine in Overweight Women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS): A Randomized Controlled Trial. Phytother Res. 2017;31(1):1330\u201340.","journal-title":"Phytother Res"},{"key":"1592_CR122","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ried K. Chinese herbal medicine for female infertility: An updated meta-analysis. Complement Ther Med. 2015;23(1):116\u201328.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ctim.2014.12.004"},{"issue":"2","key":"1592_CR123","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"423","DOI":"10.1093\/biolre\/ioaf082","volume":"113","author":"X Liu","year":"2025","unstructured":"Liu X, Wang Y, Wang Y, Bai Y, Kang A, Cai Q, et al. Sorafenib inhibits ovarian inflammation and fibrosis in polycystic ovary syndrome by targeting the PDGFA\/PDGFR\u03b1\/NF-\u03baB pathway in granulosa cells\u2020. Biol Reprod. 2025;113(2):423\u201335.","journal-title":"Biol Reprod"},{"key":"1592_CR124","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"111141","DOI":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2023.111141","volume":"125","author":"Y Xiang","year":"2023","unstructured":"Xiang Y, Wang H, Ding H, Xu T, Liu X, Huang Z, et al. Hyperandrogenism drives ovarian inflammation and pyroptosis: A possible pathogenesis of PCOS follicular dysplasia. Int Immunopharmacol. 2023;125:111141. Pt A).","journal-title":"Int Immunopharmacol"}],"container-title":["Reproductive Biology and Endocrinology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s12958-026-01592-3","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12958-026-01592-3.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12958-026-01592-3.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,27]],"date-time":"2026-10-27T12:04:40Z","timestamp":1793102680000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s12958-026-01592-3"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,28]]},"references-count":124,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]}},"alternative-id":["1592"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12958-026-01592-3","relation":{},"ISSN":["1477-7827"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1477-7827","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,28]]},"assertion":[{"value":"15 June 2026","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"14 July 2026","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"28 July 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","label":"Consent for publication","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","label":"Competing interests","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}}],"article-number":"98"}}