{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,2]],"date-time":"2026-06-02T22:01:29Z","timestamp":1780437689718,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":53,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,8]],"date-time":"2021-01-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1610064000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,8]],"date-time":"2021-01-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1610064000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100006095","name":"Helse S\u00f8r-\u00d8st RHF","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100006095","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Thrombosis J"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Post-thrombotic syndrome (PTS) is a frequent chronic complication of proximal deep vein thrombosis (DVT) of the lower limb, but predictors of PTS are not well established. We aimed to examine predictors of PTS in patients with long-term PTS following proximal DVT.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>During 2006\u201309, 209 patients with a first time acute upper femoral or iliofemoral DVT were randomized to receive either additional catheter-directed thrombolysis or conventional therapy alone. In 2017, the 170 still-living participants were invited to participate in a cross-sectional follow-up study. In the absence of a gold standard diagnostic test, PTS was defined in line with clinical practice by four mandatory, predefined clinical criteria: 1. An objectively verified DVT; 2. Chronic complaints (&gt;\u20091\u2009month) in the DVT leg; 3. Complaints appeared after the DVT; and 4. An alternative diagnosis was unlikely. Possible predictors of PTS were identified with multivariate logistic regression.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Eighty-eight patients (52%) were included 8\u201310\u2009years following the index DVT, and 44 patients (50%) were diagnosed with PTS by the predefined clinical criteria. Younger age and higher baseline Villalta score were found to be independent predictors of PTS, i.e., OR 0.96 (95% CI, 0.93\u20130.99), and 1.23 (95% CI, 1.02\u20131.49), respectively. Lack of iliofemoral patency at six months follow-up was significant in the bivariate analysis, but did not prove to be significant after the multivariate adjustments.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In long-term follow up after high proximal DVT, younger age and higher Villalta score at DVT diagnosis were independent predictors of PTS.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12959-020-00253-8","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,8]],"date-time":"2021-01-08T13:03:17Z","timestamp":1610110997000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":25,"title":["Predictors of long-term post-thrombotic syndrome following high proximal deep vein thrombosis: a cross-sectional study"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"19","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7219-8560","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marit","family":"Engeseth","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tone","family":"Enden","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Per Morten","family":"Sandset","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hilde Skuterud","family":"Wik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,8]]},"reference":[{"issue":"4","key":"253_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"249","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-141-4-200408170-00004","volume":"141","author":"P Prandoni","year":"2004","unstructured":"Prandoni P, Lensing AW, Prins MH, Frulla M, Marchiori A, Bernardi E, et al. Below-knee elastic compression stockings to prevent the post-thrombotic syndrome: a randomized, controlled trial. Ann Intern Med. 2004;141(4):249\u201356.","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"issue":"10","key":"253_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"698","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-149-10-200811180-00004","volume":"149","author":"SR Kahn","year":"2008","unstructured":"Kahn SR, Shrier I, Julian JA, Ducruet T, Arsenault L, Miron MJ, et al. Determinants and time course of the postthrombotic syndrome after acute deep venous thrombosis. Ann Intern Med. 2008;149(10):698\u2013707.","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"issue":"9810","key":"253_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(11)61753-4","volume":"379","author":"T Enden","year":"2012","unstructured":"Enden T, Haig Y, Klow NE, Slagsvold CE, Sandvik L, Ghanima W, et al. Long-term outcome after additional catheter-directed thrombolysis versus standard treatment for acute iliofemoral deep vein thrombosis (the CaVenT study): a randomised controlled trial. Lancet. 2012;379(9810):31\u20138.","journal-title":"Lancet."},{"issue":"4","key":"253_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"357","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2141.2006.06200.x","volume":"134","author":"SR Kahn","year":"2006","unstructured":"Kahn SR. The post-thrombotic syndrome: progress and pitfalls. Br J Haematol. 2006;134(4):357\u201365.","journal-title":"Br J Haematol"},{"issue":"10","key":"253_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1707","DOI":"10.1111\/jth.14557","volume":"17","author":"M Engeseth","year":"2019","unstructured":"Engeseth M, Enden T, Andersen MH, Sandset PM, Wik HS. Does the Villalta scale capture the essence of postthrombotic syndrome? A qualitative study of patient experience and expert opinion. J Thromb Haemost. 2019;17(10):1707\u201314.","journal-title":"J Thromb Haemost"},{"issue":"1","key":"253_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"130","DOI":"10.1097\/01.sla.0000245550.36159.93","volume":"245","author":"KT Delis","year":"2007","unstructured":"Delis KT, Bjarnason H, Wennberg PW, Rooke TW, Gloviczki P. Successful iliac vein and inferior vena cava stenting ameliorates venous claudication and improves venous outflow, calf muscle pump function, and clinical status in post-thrombotic syndrome. Ann Surg. 2007;245(1):130\u20139.","journal-title":"Ann Surg"},{"issue":"1","key":"253_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2133.2009.09397.x","volume":"162","author":"CJ Moffatt","year":"2010","unstructured":"Moffatt CJ, Doherty DC, Smithdale R, Franks PJ. Clinical predictors of leg ulcer healing. Br J Dermatol. 2010;162(1):51\u20138.","journal-title":"Br J Dermatol"},{"key":"253_CR8","volume-title":"Diseases of the Veins","author":"A BNe","year":"1999","unstructured":"BNe A. Diseases of the Veins. London: Arnold; 1999."},{"issue":"8","key":"253_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e002984","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2013-002984","volume":"3","author":"T Enden","year":"2013","unstructured":"Enden T, Wik HS, Kvam AK, Haig Y, Klow NE, Sandset PM. Health-related quality of life after catheter-directed thrombolysis for deep vein thrombosis: secondary outcomes of the randomised, non-blinded, parallel-group CaVenT study. BMJ Open. 2013;3(8):e002984.","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"issue":"7","key":"253_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1105","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1538-7836.2008.03002.x","volume":"6","author":"SR Kahn","year":"2008","unstructured":"Kahn SR, Shbaklo H, Lamping DL, Holcroft CA, Shrier I, Miron MJ, et al. Determinants of health-related quality of life during the 2 years following deep vein thrombosis. J Thromb Haemost. 2008;6(7):1105\u201312.","journal-title":"J Thromb Haemost"},{"issue":"12","key":"253_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2397","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1538-7836.2011.04516.x","volume":"9","author":"R Guanella","year":"2011","unstructured":"Guanella R, Ducruet T, Johri M, Miron MJ, Roussin A, Desmarais S, et al. Economic burden and cost determinants of deep vein thrombosis during 2 years following diagnosis: a prospective evaluation. J Thromb Haemost. 2011;9(12):2397\u2013405.","journal-title":"J Thromb Haemost"},{"issue":"20 Suppl 6","key":"253_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S5","DOI":"10.2146\/ajhp060388","volume":"63","author":"DA MacDougall","year":"2006","unstructured":"MacDougall DA, Feliu AL, Boccuzzi SJ, Lin J. Economic burden of deep-vein thrombosis, pulmonary embolism, and post-thrombotic syndrome. Am J Health Syst Pharm. 2006;63(20 Suppl 6):S5\u201315.","journal-title":"Am J Health Syst Pharm"},{"issue":"5","key":"253_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"879","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1538-7836.2009.03294.x","volume":"7","author":"SR Kahn","year":"2009","unstructured":"Kahn SR, Partsch H, Vedantham S, Prandoni P, Kearon C. Definition of post-thrombotic syndrome of the leg for use in clinical investigations: a recommendation for standardization. J Thromb Haemost. 2009;7(5):879\u201383.","journal-title":"J Thromb Haemost"},{"issue":"20","key":"253_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2215","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2018-01-785956","volume":"131","author":"A Rabinovich","year":"2018","unstructured":"Rabinovich A, Kahn SR. How I treat the postthrombotic syndrome. Blood. 2018;131(20):2215\u201322.","journal-title":"Blood."},{"issue":"1","key":"253_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"144","DOI":"10.1007\/s11239-015-1312-5","volume":"41","author":"SR Kahn","year":"2016","unstructured":"Kahn SR, Galanaud JP, Vedantham S, Ginsberg JS. Guidance for the prevention and treatment of the post-thrombotic syndrome. J Thromb Thrombolysis. 2016;41(1):144\u201353.","journal-title":"J Thromb Thrombolysis"},{"key":"253_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wik HS, Ghanima W, Sandset PM, Kahn SR. Scoring Systems for Postthrombotic Syndrome. Semin Thromb Hemost. 2017.","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0037-1599142"},{"issue":"18","key":"253_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1636","DOI":"10.1161\/CIR.0000000000000130","volume":"130","author":"SR Kahn","year":"2014","unstructured":"Kahn SR, Comerota AJ, Cushman M, Evans NS, Ginsberg JS, Goldenberg NA, et al. The postthrombotic syndrome: evidence-based prevention, diagnosis, and treatment strategies: a scientific statement from the American Heart Association. Circulation. 2014;130(18):1636\u201361.","journal-title":"Circulation."},{"issue":"1","key":"253_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"254","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jvs.2012.09.011","volume":"57","author":"A Soosainathan","year":"2013","unstructured":"Soosainathan A, Moore HM, Gohel MS, Davies AH. Scoring systems for the post-thrombotic syndrome. J Vasc Surg. 2013;57(1):254\u201361.","journal-title":"J Vasc Surg"},{"issue":"6","key":"253_CR19","first-page":"1137","volume":"112","author":"SR Kahn","year":"2014","unstructured":"Kahn SR, Shapiro S, Ducruet T, Wells PS, Rodger MA, Kovacs MJ, et al. Graduated compression stockings to treat acute leg pain associated with proximal DVT. A randomised controlled trial. Thromb Haemost. 2014;112(6):1137\u201341.","journal-title":"Thromb Haemost"},{"issue":"4","key":"253_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"404","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejvs.2005.06.006","volume":"30","author":"DN Kolbach","year":"2005","unstructured":"Kolbach DN, Neumann HA, Prins MH. Definition of the post-thrombotic syndrome, differences between existing classifications. Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg. 2005;30(4):404\u201314.","journal-title":"Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg"},{"issue":"10","key":"253_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1144","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.162.10.1144","volume":"162","author":"SR Kahn","year":"2002","unstructured":"Kahn SR, Hirsch A, Shrier I. Effect of postthrombotic syndrome on health-related quality of life after deep venous thrombosis. Arch Intern Med. 2002;162(10):1144\u20138.","journal-title":"Arch Intern Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"253_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"718","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1538-7836.2005.01216.x","volume":"3","author":"SR Kahn","year":"2005","unstructured":"Kahn SR, Kearon C, Julian JA, Mackinnon B, Kovacs MJ, Wells P, et al. Predictors of the post-thrombotic syndrome during long-term treatment of proximal deep vein thrombosis. J Thromb Haemost. 2005;3(4):718\u201323.","journal-title":"J Thromb Haemost"},{"issue":"4","key":"253_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"907","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1538-7836.2006.01824.x","volume":"4","author":"SR Kahn","year":"2006","unstructured":"Kahn SR, Desmarais S, Ducruet T, Arsenault L, Ginsberg JS. Comparison of the Villalta and Ginsberg clinical scales to diagnose the post-thrombotic syndrome: correlation with patient-reported disease burden and venous valvular reflux. J Thromb Haemost. 2006;4(4):907\u20138.","journal-title":"J Thromb Haemost"},{"issue":"4","key":"253_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"592","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0038-1653826","volume":"73","author":"S Villalta","year":"1995","unstructured":"Villalta S, Prandoni P, Cogo A, Bagatella P, Piccioli A, Bernardi E, et al. The utility of non-invasive tests for detection of previous proximal-vein thrombosis. Thromb Haemost. 1995;73(4):592\u20136.","journal-title":"Thromb Haemost"},{"issue":"2","key":"253_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"401","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1538-7836.2004.01106.x","volume":"3","author":"P Prandoni","year":"2005","unstructured":"Prandoni P, Frulla M, Sartor D, Concolato A, Girolami A. Vein abnormalities and the post-thrombotic syndrome. J Thromb Haemost. 2005;3(2):401\u20132.","journal-title":"J Thromb Haemost"},{"issue":"6","key":"253_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1036","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1538-7836.2012.04713.x","volume":"10","author":"JP Galanaud","year":"2012","unstructured":"Galanaud JP, Holcroft CA, Rodger MA, Kovacs MJ, Betancourt MT, Wells PS, et al. Comparison of the Villalta post-thrombotic syndrome score in the ipsilateral vs. contralateral leg after a first unprovoked deep vein thrombosis. J Thromb Haemost. 2012;10(6):1036\u201342.","journal-title":"J Thromb Haemost"},{"issue":"2","key":"253_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1016\/j.blre.2015.09.002","volume":"30","author":"AJ ten Cate-Hoek","year":"2016","unstructured":"ten Cate-Hoek AJ, Henke PK, Wakefield TW. The post thrombotic syndrome: ignore it and it will come back to bite you. Blood Rev. 2016;30(2):131\u20137.","journal-title":"Blood Rev"},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"253_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"130","DOI":"10.1258\/phleb.2011.012s02","volume":"27","author":"RH Strijkers","year":"2012","unstructured":"Strijkers RH, Wittens CH, Kahn SR. Villalta scale: goals and limitations. Phlebology. 2012;27(Suppl 1):130\u20135.","journal-title":"Phlebology."},{"issue":"3","key":"253_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"474","DOI":"10.1111\/jth.12106","volume":"11","author":"JP Galanaud","year":"2013","unstructured":"Galanaud JP, Holcroft CA, Rodger MA, Kovacs MJ, Betancourt MT, Wells PS, et al. Predictors of post-thrombotic syndrome in a population with a first deep vein thrombosis and no primary venous insufficiency. J Thromb Haemost. 2013;11(3):474\u201380.","journal-title":"J Thromb Haemost"},{"issue":"21","key":"253_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4624","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2009-07-199174","volume":"114","author":"SR Kahn","year":"2009","unstructured":"Kahn SR. How I treat postthrombotic syndrome. Blood. 2009;114(21):4624\u201331.","journal-title":"Blood."},{"issue":"12","key":"253_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2028","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1538-7836.2009.03629.x","volume":"7","author":"JP Galanaud","year":"2009","unstructured":"Galanaud JP, Quenet S, Rivron-Guillot K, Quere I, Sanchez Mu\u00f1oz-Torrero JF, Tolosa C, et al. Comparison of the clinical history of symptomatic isolated distal deep-vein thrombosis vs. proximal deep vein thrombosis in 11 086 patients. J Thromb Haemost. 2009;7(12):2028\u201334.","journal-title":"J Thromb Haemost"},{"key":"253_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"62","DOI":"10.1016\/j.thromres.2019.10.018","volume":"184","author":"M Engeseth","year":"2019","unstructured":"Engeseth M, Enden T, Sandset PM, Wik HS. Limitations of the Villalta scale in diagnosing post-thrombotic syndrome. Thromb Res. 2019;184:62\u20136.","journal-title":"Thromb Res"},{"key":"253_CR33","unstructured":"Rutjes AW, Reitsma JB, Coomarasamy A, Khan KS, Bossuyt PM. Evaluation of diagnostic tests when there is no gold standard. A review of methods. Health Technol Assess. 2007;11(50):iii, ix-51."},{"issue":"4","key":"253_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"531","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jvsv.2015.08.005","volume":"4","author":"JP Galanaud","year":"2016","unstructured":"Galanaud JP, Monreal M, Kahn SR. Predictors of the post-thrombotic syndrome and their effect on the therapeutic management of deep vein thrombosis. J Vasc Surg Venous Lymphat Disord. 2016;4(4):531\u20134.","journal-title":"J Vasc Surg Venous Lymphat Disord"},{"issue":"5","key":"253_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"840","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1538-7836.2012.04690.x","volume":"10","author":"HS Wik","year":"2012","unstructured":"Wik HS, Jacobsen AF, Sandvik L, Sandset PM. Prevalence and predictors for post-thrombotic syndrome 3 to 16 years after pregnancy-related venous thrombosis: a population-based, cross-sectional, case-control study. J Thromb Haemost. 2012;10(5):840\u20137.","journal-title":"J Thromb Haemost"},{"issue":"1","key":"253_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"132","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jvs.2010.01.089","volume":"52","author":"AJ Ten Cate-Hoek","year":"2010","unstructured":"Ten Cate-Hoek AJ, Ten Cate H, Tordoir J, Hamulyak K, Prins MH. Individually tailored duration of elastic compression therapy in relation to incidence of the postthrombotic syndrome. J Vasc Surg. 2010;52(1):132\u20138.","journal-title":"J Vasc Surg"},{"issue":"3","key":"253_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"768","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jvs.2011.10.032","volume":"55","author":"AJ Comerota","year":"2012","unstructured":"Comerota AJ, Grewal N, Martinez JT, Chen JT, Disalle R, Andrews L, et al. Postthrombotic morbidity correlates with residual thrombus following catheter-directed thrombolysis for iliofemoral deep vein thrombosis. J Vasc Surg. 2012;55(3):768\u201373.","journal-title":"J Vasc Surg"},{"issue":"1","key":"253_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-125-1-199607010-00001","volume":"125","author":"P Prandoni","year":"1996","unstructured":"Prandoni P, Lensing AW, Cogo A, Cuppini S, Villalta S, Carta M, et al. The long-term clinical course of acute deep venous thrombosis. Ann Intern Med. 1996;125(1):1\u20137.","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"issue":"8","key":"253_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1532","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1538-7836.2012.04798.x","volume":"10","author":"AC Bouman","year":"2012","unstructured":"Bouman AC, Smits JJ, Ten Cate H, Ten Cate-Hoek AJ. Markers of coagulation, fibrinolysis and inflammation in relation to post-thrombotic syndrome. J Thromb Haemost. 2012;10(8):1532\u20138.","journal-title":"J Thromb Haemost"},{"issue":"2","key":"253_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jvsv.2013.10.054","volume":"2","author":"Y Haig","year":"2014","unstructured":"Haig Y, Enden T, Slagsvold CE, Sandvik L, Sandset PM, Klow NE. Residual rates of reflux and obstruction and their correlation to post-thrombotic syndrome in a randomized study on catheter-directed thrombolysis for deep vein thrombosis. J Vasc Surg Venous Lymphat Disord. 2014;2(2):123\u201330.","journal-title":"J Vasc Surg Venous Lymphat Disord."},{"key":"253_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1016\/j.thromres.2018.11.002","volume":"173","author":"GC Mol","year":"2019","unstructured":"Mol GC, Dronkers CEA, van de Ree MA, van der Pas SL, Tegelberg-Stassen M, Sanders FBM, et al. Elastic compression stockings one year after DVT diagnosis: who might discontinue? Thromb Res. 2019;173:35\u201341.","journal-title":"Thromb Res"},{"issue":"2","key":"253_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e64","DOI":"10.1016\/S2352-3026(15)00248-3","volume":"3","author":"Y Haig","year":"2016","unstructured":"Haig Y, Enden T, Grotta O, Klow NE, Slagsvold CE, Ghanima W, et al. Post-thrombotic syndrome after catheter-directed thrombolysis for deep vein thrombosis (CaVenT): 5-year follow-up results of an open-label, randomised controlled trial. Lancet Haematol. 2016;3(2):e64\u201371.","journal-title":"Lancet Haematol"},{"issue":"12","key":"253_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2671","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1538-7836.2005.01648.x","volume":"3","author":"M Stain","year":"2005","unstructured":"Stain M, Schonauer V, Minar E, Bialonczyk C, Hirschl M, Weltermann A, et al. The post-thrombotic syndrome: risk factors and impact on the course of thrombotic disease. J Thromb Haemost. 2005;3(12):2671\u20136.","journal-title":"J Thromb Haemost"},{"issue":"12","key":"253_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2075","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1538-7836.2008.03180.x","volume":"6","author":"LW Tick","year":"2008","unstructured":"Tick LW, Kramer MH, Rosendaal FR, Faber WR, Doggen CJ. Risk factors for post-thrombotic syndrome in patients with a first deep venous thrombosis. J Thromb Haemost. 2008;6(12):2075\u201381.","journal-title":"J Thromb Haemost"},{"issue":"2","key":"253_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"230","DOI":"10.1111\/jth.13569","volume":"15","author":"A Rabinovich","year":"2017","unstructured":"Rabinovich A, Kahn SR. The postthrombotic syndrome: current evidence and future challenges. J Thromb Haemost. 2017;15(2):230\u201341.","journal-title":"J Thromb Haemost"},{"issue":"4","key":"253_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"734","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1538-7836.2006.01795.x","volume":"4","author":"S Schulman","year":"2006","unstructured":"Schulman S, Lindmarker P, Holmstrom M, Larfars G, Carlsson A, Nicol P, et al. Post-thrombotic syndrome, recurrence, and death 10 years after the first episode of venous thromboembolism treated with warfarin for 6 weeks or 6 months. J Thromb Haemost. 2006;4(4):734\u201342.","journal-title":"J Thromb Haemost"},{"issue":"5","key":"253_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"939","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1538-7836.2005.01333.x","volume":"3","author":"CJ van Dongen","year":"2005","unstructured":"van Dongen CJ, Prandoni P, Frulla M, Marchiori A, Prins MH, Hutten BA. Relation between quality of anticoagulant treatment and the development of the postthrombotic syndrome. J Thromb Haemost. 2005;3(5):939\u201342.","journal-title":"J Thromb Haemost"},{"issue":"2","key":"253_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"262","DOI":"10.1111\/jth.13909","volume":"16","author":"A Rabinovich","year":"2018","unstructured":"Rabinovich A, Ducruet T, Kahn SR. Development of a clinical prediction model for the postthrombotic syndrome in a prospective cohort of patients with proximal deep vein thrombosis. J Thromb Haemost. 2018;16(2):262\u201370.","journal-title":"J Thromb Haemost"},{"issue":"4","key":"253_CR49","first-page":"423","volume":"82","author":"P Prandoni","year":"1997","unstructured":"Prandoni P, Villalta S, Bagatella P, Rossi L, Marchiori A, Piccioli A, et al. The clinical course of deep-vein thrombosis. Prospective long-term follow-up of 528 symptomatic patients. Haematologica. 1997;82(4):423\u20138.","journal-title":"Haematologica."},{"issue":"23","key":"253_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2240","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1615066","volume":"377","author":"S Vedantham","year":"2017","unstructured":"Vedantham S, Goldhaber SZ, Julian JA, Kahn SR, Jaff MR, Cohen DJ, et al. Pharmacomechanical catheter-directed thrombolysis for deep-vein thrombosis. N Engl J Med. 2017;377(23):2240\u201352.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"253_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"361","DOI":"10.1160\/th15-04-0318","volume":"115","author":"KK Utne","year":"2016","unstructured":"Utne KK, Ghanima W, Foyn S, Kahn S, Sandset PM, Wik HS. Development and validation of a tool for patient reporting of symptoms and signs of the post-thrombotic syndrome. Thromb Haemost. 2016;115(2):361\u20137.","journal-title":"Thromb Haemost"},{"issue":"9","key":"253_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"580","DOI":"10.1177\/0268355513515859","volume":"29","author":"SK Van der Velden","year":"2014","unstructured":"Van der Velden SK, Shadid NH, Nelemans PJ, Sommer A. How specific are venous symptoms for diagnosis of chronic venous disease? Phlebology. 2014;29(9):580\u20136.","journal-title":"Phlebology."},{"issue":"1","key":"253_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"118","DOI":"10.1097\/01.sla.0000103067.10695.74","volume":"239","author":"KT Delis","year":"2004","unstructured":"Delis KT, Bountouroglou D, Mansfield AO. Venous claudication in iliofemoral thrombosis: long-term effects on venous hemodynamics, clinical status, and quality of life. Ann Surg. 2004;239(1):118\u201326.","journal-title":"Ann Surg"}],"container-title":["Thrombosis Journal"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12959-020-00253-8.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s12959-020-00253-8\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12959-020-00253-8.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,8]],"date-time":"2021-01-08T21:30:29Z","timestamp":1610141429000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/thrombosisjournal.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s12959-020-00253-8"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,8]]},"references-count":53,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,12]]}},"alternative-id":["253"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12959-020-00253-8","relation":{"has-preprint":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.21203\/rs.3.rs-29584\/v3","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.21203\/rs.3.rs-29584\/v1","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.21203\/rs.3.rs-29584\/v2","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["1477-9560"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1477-9560","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,8]]},"assertion":[{"value":"15 May 2020","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"16 December 2020","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"8 January 2021","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"The study was approved by the southeastern Norway Regional Committee for Medical and Health Research Ethics (approval no. 2015\/1567), and adhered to the principles outlined in the Declaration of Helsinki. Written informed consent was obtained from all participants.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors state that they have no competing interests.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"3"}}