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Microparticles (MPs), including endothelial cell-derived microparticles (EMPs), platelet-derived microparticles (PMPs) and leukocyte-derived microparticles (LMPs), have been shown to participate in many diseases. Whether and which of these MPs take part in pulmonary vascular leakage and lung injury after I\/R and whether these MPs have synergistic effect and the underlying mechanism are not known.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Using hemorrhage\/transfusion (Hemo\/Trans) and aorta abdominalis occlusion-induced I\/R rat models, the role of EMPs, PMPs and LMPs and the mechanisms in pulmonary vascular leakage and lung injury were observed.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The concentrations of EMPs, PMPs and LMPs were significantly increased after I\/R. Intravenous administration of EMPs and PMPs but not LMPs induced pulmonary vascular leakage and lung injury. Furthermore, EMPs induced pulmonary sequestration of platelets and promoted more PMPs production, and played a synergistic effect on pulmonary vascular leakage. MiR-1, miR-155 and miR-542 in EMPs, and miR-126 and miR-29 in PMPs, were significantly increased after hypoxia\/reoxygenation (H\/R). Of which, inhibition of miR-155 in EMPs and miR-126 in PMPs alleviated the detrimental effects of EMPs and PMPs on vascular barrier function and lung injury. Overexpression of miR-155 in EMPs down-regulated the expression of tight junction related proteins such as ZO-1 and claudin-5, while overexpression of miR-126 up-regulated the expression of caveolin-1 (Cav-1), the trans-cellular transportation related protein such as caveolin-1 (Cav-1). Inhibiting EMPs and PMPs production with blebbistatin (BLE) and amitriptyline (AMI) alleviated I\/R induced pulmonary vascular leakage and lung injury.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>EMPs and PMPs contribute to the pulmonary vascular leakage and lung injury after I\/R. EMPs mediate pulmonary sequestration of platelets, producing more PMPs to play synergistic effect. Mechanically, EMPs carrying miR-155 that down-regulates ZO-1 and claudin-5 and PMPs carrying miR-126 that up-regulates Cav-1, synergistically mediate pulmonary vascular leakage and lung injury after I\/R.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Graphic abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12964-020-00672-0","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,23]],"date-time":"2020-11-23T05:03:55Z","timestamp":1606107835000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Synergistic effects of EMPs and PMPs on pulmonary vascular leakage and lung injury after ischemia\/reperfusion"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"Jie","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yu","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yue","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qing-Guang","family":"Yan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiao-Yong","family":"Peng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xin-Ming","family":"Xiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ming-Ying","family":"Xue","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qing-Hui","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Liang-Ming","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9643-5185","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tao","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"672_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-63245-2_12","volume":"967","author":"O Pak","year":"2017","unstructured":"Pak O, Sydykov A, Kosanovic D, Schermuly RT, Dietrich A, Schr\u00f6der K, Brandes RP, Gudermann T, Sommer N, Weissmann N. 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