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In the context of Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis (IPF), a debilitating lung condition associated with respiratory complications and reduced life expectancy, nano-XRF presents a promising avenue for understanding the disease\u2019s intricate pathology. Our developed workflow enables the assessment of elemental composition in both human and rodent fibrotic tissues, providing insights on the interplay between cellular compartments in chronic lung diseases. Our findings demonstrate trace element accumulations associated with anthracosis, a feature observed in IPF. Notably, Zn and Ca clusters approximately 750\u00a0nm in size were identified exclusively in IPF samples. While their specific role remains unclear, their presence may be associated with disease-specific processes. Additionally, we observed Fe and S signal colocalization in 650-nm structures within some IPF cells. Fe-S complexes in mitochondria are known to be associated with increased ROS production, suggesting a potential connection to the disease pathology. In contrast, a bleomycin-induced fibrosis rodent model exhibits a different elemental phenotype with low Fe and increased S, Zn, and Ca. Overall, our workflow highlights the effectiveness of synchrotron-based nano-XRF mapping in analyzing the spatial distribution of trace elements within diseased tissue, offering valuable insights into the elemental aspects of IPF and related chronic lung diseases.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12964-025-02076-4","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,7]],"date-time":"2025-02-07T15:20:06Z","timestamp":1738941606000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Nano-XRF of lung fibrotic tissue reveals unexplored Ca, Zn, S and Fe metabolism: a novel approach to chronic lung diseases"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"23","author":[{"given":"Bryan","family":"Falcones","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maik","family":"Kahnt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ulf","family":"Johansson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Barbora","family":"Svobodov\u00e1","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Karin A.","family":"von Wachenfelt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Charlott","family":"Brunmark","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"G\u00f6ran","family":"Dellgren","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Linda","family":"Elowsson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Karina","family":"Th\u00e5nell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gunilla","family":"Westergren-Thorsson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"2076_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Behr J, Prasse A, Wirtz H, Koschel D, Pittrow D, Held M et al. 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The study was approved by the Swedish Research Ethical Committee in Gothenburg (FEK 657\u2009\u2212\u200912\/2012 and FEK 2008\/413) and all experimental protocols were carried out in accordance with guidelines approved by the ethical committees. All animal studies were ethically reviewed and carried out in accordance with European Directive 2010\/63\/EEC and ARRIVE guidelines and experimental procedures were evaluated and approved by the local ethical committee in Lund\/Malm\u00f6, Sweden, with permit number 3226\/2017.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"67"}}