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Exploiting this disparity, we employed single-cell comparative transcriptomics combined with lineage tracing to identify c-Fos as a critical early responder selectively activated in the vestibular epithelium following ototoxic injury. Transcriptomic and chromatin profiling revealed that c-Fos initiates regenerative reprogramming by transcriptionally priming\n                    <jats:italic>Atoh1<\/jats:italic>\n                    , the master regulator of hair cell fate, while synergizing with the Wnt and Notch pathways to balance progenitor proliferation and trans-differentiation. Functional validation showed that c-Fos overexpression significantly promoted vestibular hair cell regeneration and restored balance function in adult mice. 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