{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,3]],"date-time":"2026-11-03T20:03:44Z","timestamp":1793736224177,"version":"4.6.1"},"reference-count":61,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,28]],"date-time":"2026-01-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1769558400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,20]],"date-time":"2026-02-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1771545600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":23,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"the National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["32470967"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["32470967"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Cell Commun Signal"],"DOI":"10.1186\/s12964-026-02705-6","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,28]],"date-time":"2026-01-28T13:34:00Z","timestamp":1769607240000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Targeting endolysosomal acidification inhibits poxvirus entry and replication"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"Shuqin","family":"Xu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xin","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chentao","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zixuan","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaoqin","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chenwen","family":"Wan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peihua","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yi","family":"Lv","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yingli","family":"He","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Francis Ka-Ming","family":"Chan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhijun","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"2705_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1016\/j.semcdb.2016.07.015","volume":"60","author":"B Moss","year":"2016","unstructured":"Moss B. Membrane fusion during poxvirus entry. Semin Cell Dev Biol. 2016;60:89\u201396.","journal-title":"Semin Cell Dev Biol"},{"issue":"1","key":"2705_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"239","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-virology-091919-104752","volume":"9","author":"MD Greseth","year":"2022","unstructured":"Greseth MD, Traktman P. The life cycle of the vaccinia virus genome. Annual Rev Virol. 2022;9(1):239\u201359.","journal-title":"Annual Rev Virol"},{"key":"2705_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Moss B. Poxvirus DNA replication. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol. 2013;5(9):a010199.","DOI":"10.1101\/cshperspect.a010199"},{"issue":"7","key":"2705_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"579","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMp2210125","volume":"387","author":"A Sherwat","year":"2022","unstructured":"Sherwat A, et al. Tecovirimat and the treatment of monkeypox - past, present, and future considerations. N Engl J Med. 2022;387(7):579\u201381.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"9","key":"2705_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"957","DOI":"10.1007\/s40265-022-01742-y","volume":"82","author":"JG Rizk","year":"2022","unstructured":"Rizk JG, et al. prevention and treatment of monkeypox. Drugs. 2022;82(9):957\u201363.","journal-title":"Drugs"},{"issue":"32","key":"2705_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1023","DOI":"10.15585\/mmwr.mm7132e4","volume":"71","author":"J O\u2019Shea","year":"2022","unstructured":"O\u2019Shea J, et al. Interim guidance for prevention and treatment of monkeypox in persons with HIV infection - United States, August 2022. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2022;71(32):1023\u20138.","journal-title":"MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep"},{"issue":"13","key":"2705_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1348","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2022.15336","volume":"328","author":"AN Desai","year":"2022","unstructured":"Desai AN, et al. Compassionate use of tecovirimat for the treatment of monkeypox infection. JAMA. 2022;328(13):1348\u201350.","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"15","key":"2705_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1484","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2412439","volume":"392","author":"R Ali","year":"2025","unstructured":"Ali R, et al. Tecovirimat for clade I MPXV infection in the Democratic Republic of Congo. N Engl J Med. 2025;392(15):1484\u201396.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"2705_CR9","unstructured":"Staff GB. Tecovirimat shown to lack efficacy as treatment for clade II mpox. 2025. Available from: https:\/\/globalbiodefense.com\/2025\/03\/12\/tecovirimat-shown-to-lack-efficacy-as-treatment-for-clade-ii-mpox\/. Cited 2026 January 12."},{"issue":"12","key":"2705_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2803","DOI":"10.3390\/v2122803","volume":"2","author":"G Andrei","year":"2010","unstructured":"Andrei G, Snoeck R. Cidofovir activity against poxvirus infections. Viruses. 2010;2(12):2803\u201330.","journal-title":"Viruses"},{"key":"2705_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Foster SA, Parker S, Lanier R. The role of brincidofovir in preparation for a potential smallpox outbreak. Viruses. 2017;9(11):320.","DOI":"10.3390\/v9110320"},{"issue":"12","key":"2705_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2740","DOI":"10.3390\/v2122740","volume":"2","author":"R Lanier","year":"2010","unstructured":"Lanier R, et al. Development of CMX001 for the treatment of poxvirus infections. Viruses. 2010;2(12):2740\u201362.","journal-title":"Viruses"},{"key":"2705_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hutson CL, et al. Pharmacokinetics and efficacy of a potential smallpox therapeutic, brincidofovir, in a lethal monkeypox virus animal model. MSphere. 2021;6(1):e00126-21.","DOI":"10.1128\/mSphere.00126-21"},{"issue":"20","key":"2705_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13139","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.79.20.13139-13149.2005","volume":"79","author":"G Yang","year":"2005","unstructured":"Yang G, et al. An orally bioavailable antipoxvirus compound (ST-246) inhibits extracellular virus formation and protects mice from lethal orthopoxvirus challenge. J Virol. 2005;79(20):13139\u201349.","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"key":"2705_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Witwit H, et al. Repurposing drugs for synergistic combination therapies to counteract monkeypox virus tecovirimat resistance. Viruses. 2025;17(1):92.","DOI":"10.3390\/v17010092"},{"issue":"1","key":"2705_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciac622","volume":"76","author":"EA Siegrist","year":"2023","unstructured":"Siegrist EA, Sassine J. Antivirals with activity against mpox: a clinically oriented review. Clin Infect Dis. 2023;76(1):155\u201364.","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"issue":"18","key":"2705_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8899","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.01053-06","volume":"80","author":"AC Townsley","year":"2006","unstructured":"Townsley AC, et al. Vaccinia virus entry into cells via a low-pH-dependent endosomal pathway. J Virol. 2006;80(18):8899\u2013908.","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"issue":"6","key":"2705_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"593","DOI":"10.1111\/tra.12389","volume":"17","author":"JM White","year":"2016","unstructured":"White JM, Whittaker GR. Fusion of enveloped viruses in endosomes. Traffic. 2016;17(6):593\u2013614.","journal-title":"Traffic"},{"issue":"16","key":"2705_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8613","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.00606-07","volume":"81","author":"AC Townsley","year":"2007","unstructured":"Townsley AC, Moss B. Two distinct low-pH steps promote entry of vaccinia virus. J Virol. 2007;81(16):8613\u201320.","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"issue":"1","key":"2705_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1186\/s12943-018-0811-3","volume":"17","author":"S Pamarthy","year":"2018","unstructured":"Pamarthy S, et al. The curious case of vacuolar atpase: regulation of signaling pathways. Mol Cancer. 2018;17(1):41.","journal-title":"Mol Cancer"},{"issue":"1","key":"2705_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1186\/s40035-020-00196-0","volume":"9","author":"Q Song","year":"2020","unstructured":"Song Q, et al. The emerging roles of vacuolar-type ATPase-dependent lysosomal acidification in neurodegenerative diseases. Translational Neurodegeneration. 2020;9(1):17.","journal-title":"Translational Neurodegeneration"},{"key":"2705_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"466","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2014.06.002","volume":"82","author":"Z Zhang","year":"2014","unstructured":"Zhang Z, et al. Synthesis and identification of cytotoxic diphyllin glycosides as vacuolar H(+)-ATPase inhibitors. Eur J Med Chem. 2014;82:466\u201371.","journal-title":"Eur J Med Chem"},{"key":"2705_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cui Q, et al. Lignans and their derivatives from plants as antivirals. Molecules. 2020;25(1):183.","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules25010183"},{"issue":"21","key":"2705_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4032","DOI":"10.1080\/14786419.2020.1758090","volume":"35","author":"J-P Lv","year":"2021","unstructured":"Lv J-P, et al. New cyclopeptide alkaloids from the whole plant of Justicia procumbens L. Nat Prod Res. 2021;35(21):4032\u201340.","journal-title":"Nat Prod Res"},{"issue":"11","key":"2705_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1299","DOI":"10.1248\/cpb.51.1299","volume":"51","author":"C Ramesh","year":"2003","unstructured":"Ramesh C, et al. Arylnaphthalide lignans from Cleistanthus collinus. Chem Pharm Bull. 2003;51(11):1299\u2013300.","journal-title":"Chem Pharm Bull"},{"issue":"9\u201310","key":"2705_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"618","DOI":"10.1515\/znc-1996-9-1002","volume":"51","author":"JM Prieto","year":"1996","unstructured":"Prieto JM, et al. Topical anti-inflammatory lignans from Haplophyllum hispanicum. Z Fur Naturforschung C J Biosci. 1996;51(9\u201310):618\u201322.","journal-title":"Z Fur Naturforschung C J Biosci"},{"key":"2705_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"269","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2019.08.060","volume":"47","author":"A Martinez-Lopez","year":"2019","unstructured":"Martinez-Lopez A, et al. Glycosylated diphyllin as a broad-spectrum antiviral agent against Zika virus. EBioMedicine. 2019;47:269\u201383.","journal-title":"EBioMedicine"},{"issue":"3","key":"2705_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"371","DOI":"10.1016\/j.antiviral.2013.06.014","volume":"99","author":"H-W Chen","year":"2013","unstructured":"Chen H-W, et al. Inhibitory and combinatorial effect of diphyllin, a V-ATPase blocker, on influenza viruses. Antiviral Res. 2013;99(3):371\u201382.","journal-title":"Antiviral Res"},{"key":"2705_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"\u0160tef\u00e1nik M, et al. Diphyllin shows a broad-spectrum antiviral activity against multiple medically important enveloped RNA and DNA viruses. Viruses. 2022;14(2):354.","DOI":"10.3390\/v14020354"},{"key":"2705_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-physiol-021014-071649","volume":"77","author":"H Xu","year":"2015","unstructured":"Xu H, Ren D. Lysosomal physiology. Annu Rev Physiol. 2015;77:57\u201380.","journal-title":"Annu Rev Physiol"},{"key":"2705_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hu M, et al. Parkinson\u2019s disease-risk protein TMEM175 is a proton-activated proton channel in lysosomes. Cell. 2022;185(13):2292-2308.e20.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2022.05.021"},{"issue":"8016","key":"2705_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"493","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-024-07487-w","volume":"630","author":"J Abramson","year":"2024","unstructured":"Abramson J, et al. Accurate structure prediction of biomolecular interactions with alphafold 3. Nature. 2024;630(8016):493\u2013500.","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"1","key":"2705_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5925","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-023-41628-5","volume":"14","author":"F Hou","year":"2023","unstructured":"Hou F, et al. mRNA vaccines encoding fusion proteins of monkeypox virus antigens protect mice from vaccinia virus challenge. Nat Commun. 2023;14(1):5925.","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"issue":"1","key":"2705_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1038\/s41419-021-04495-w","volume":"13","author":"A Salvi","year":"2022","unstructured":"Salvi A, et al. PHY34 inhibits autophagy through V-ATPase V0A2 subunit inhibition and CAS\/CSE1L nuclear cargo trafficking in high grade serous ovarian cancer. Cell Death Dis. 2022;13(1):45.","journal-title":"Cell Death Dis"},{"issue":"11","key":"2705_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"917","DOI":"10.1038\/nrm2272","volume":"8","author":"M Forgac","year":"2007","unstructured":"Forgac M. Vacuolar atpases: rotary proton pumps in physiology and pathophysiology. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol. 2007;8(11):917\u201329.","journal-title":"Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol"},{"issue":"1","key":"2705_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmb.2011.07.014","volume":"412","author":"S Srinivasan","year":"2011","unstructured":"Srinivasan S, et al. Crystal structure of the cytoplasmic N-terminal domain of subunit I, a homolog of subunit a, of V-ATPase. J Mol Biol. 2011;412(1):14\u201321.","journal-title":"J Mol Biol"},{"issue":"3","key":"2705_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1071","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.00035.2015","volume":"96","author":"L Stransky","year":"2016","unstructured":"Stransky L, Cotter K, Forgac M. The function of V-ATPases in cancer. Physiol Rev. 2016;96(3):1071\u201391.","journal-title":"Physiol Rev"},{"key":"2705_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Post S, Rueschpler L, Schloer S. Endolysosomes as a sorting hub for emerging viruses: gatekeepers of cellular defense, viral fate and promising therapeutic target. Pharmacol Res. 2025:222:108051.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2025.108051"},{"issue":"40","key":"2705_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"903","DOI":"10.15585\/mmwr.mm7340a3","volume":"73","author":"CM Gigante","year":"2024","unstructured":"Gigante CM, et al. Notes from the field: mpox cluster caused by tecovirimat-resistant monkeypox virus - five states, October 2023-February 2024. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2024;73(40):903\u20135.","journal-title":"MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep"},{"key":"2705_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"88","DOI":"10.1016\/j.virol.2020.04.009","volume":"546","author":"H Chen","year":"2020","unstructured":"Chen H, et al. Antiviral activity of Lycorine against Zika virus in vivo and in vitro. Virology. 2020;546:88\u201397.","journal-title":"Virology"},{"issue":"13","key":"2705_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"865","DOI":"10.2217\/fvl-2023-0142","volume":"18","author":"VW Rabelo","year":"2023","unstructured":"Rabelo VW, et al. Antiviral evaluation of 1,4-disubstituted-1,2,3-triazole derivatives against Chikungunya virus. Future Virol. 2023;18(13):865\u201380.","journal-title":"Future Virol"},{"issue":"7","key":"2705_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1522","DOI":"10.1002\/cmdc.201300505","volume":"9","author":"P Wang","year":"2014","unstructured":"Wang P, et al. Anti-dengue-virus activity and structure-activity relationship studies of lycorine derivatives. ChemMedChem. 2014;9(7):1522\u201333.","journal-title":"ChemMedChem"},{"issue":"7","key":"2705_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8949","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules19078949","volume":"19","author":"Y Wei","year":"2014","unstructured":"Wei Y, et al. Discovery of Gramine derivatives that inhibit the early stage of EV71 replication in vitro. Molecules. 2014;19(7):8949\u201364.","journal-title":"Molecules"},{"issue":"7","key":"2705_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1654","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jnatprod.2c01146","volume":"86","author":"K Varela","year":"2023","unstructured":"Varela K, et al. inhibition of cysteine proteases via thiol-Michael addition explains the Anti-SARS-CoV-2 and bioactive properties of Arteannuin B. J Nat Prod. 2023;86(7):1654\u201366.","journal-title":"J Nat Prod"},{"issue":"16","key":"2705_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6008","DOI":"10.1080\/07391102.2020.1797538","volume":"39","author":"N Sharma","year":"2021","unstructured":"Sharma N, Kumar P, Giri R. Polysaccharides like pentagalloylglucose, parishin a and stevioside inhibits the viral entry by binding the Zika virus envelope protein. J Biomol Struct Dyn. 2021;39(16):6008\u201320.","journal-title":"J Biomol Struct Dyn"},{"issue":"10","key":"2705_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1640","DOI":"10.1359\/jbmr.070613","volume":"22","author":"MG S\u00f8rensen","year":"2007","unstructured":"S\u00f8rensen MG, et al. Diphyllin, a novel and naturally potent V-ATPase inhibitor, abrogates acidification of the osteoclastic resorption lacunae and bone resorption. J Bone Mineral Research: Official J Am Soc Bone Mineral Res. 2007;22(10):1640\u20138.","journal-title":"J Bone Mineral Research: Official J Am Soc Bone Mineral Res"},{"issue":"2","key":"2705_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"344","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1476-5381.2011.01346.x","volume":"164","author":"KH Muller","year":"2011","unstructured":"Muller KH, et al. The proton translocation domain of cellular vacuolar ATPase provides a target for the treatment of influenza A virus infections. Br J Pharmacol. 2011;164(2):344\u201357.","journal-title":"Br J Pharmacol"},{"issue":"1","key":"2705_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13043","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-017-13316-0","volume":"7","author":"CJ Hu","year":"2017","unstructured":"Hu CJ, et al. Nanoparticulate vacuolar ATPase blocker exhibits potent host-targeted antiviral activity against feline coronavirus. Sci Rep. 2017;7(1):13043.","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"2705_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Stefanik M, et al. Antiviral activity of vacuolar ATPase blocker diphyllin against SARS-CoV-2. Microorganisms. 2021;9(3):471.","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms9030471"},{"issue":"7","key":"2705_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0043922","DOI":"10.1128\/aac.00439-22","volume":"66","author":"S Icho","year":"2022","unstructured":"Icho S, et al. Dual Inhibition of Vacuolar-ATPase and TMPRSS2 is required for complete Blockade of SARS-CoV-2 entry into cells. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2022;66(7):e0043922.","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"issue":"5","key":"2705_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"942","DOI":"10.1021\/acsinfecdis.1c00474","volume":"8","author":"CB Plescia","year":"2022","unstructured":"Plescia CB, et al. evaluation of phenol-substituted diphyllin derivatives as selective antagonists for ebola virus entry. ACS Infect Dis. 2022;8(5):942\u201357.","journal-title":"ACS Infect Dis"},{"key":"2705_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"94","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phytochem.2017.01.005","volume":"136","author":"HJ Zhang","year":"2017","unstructured":"Zhang HJ, et al. Anti-HIV diphyllin glycosides from Justicia Gendarussa. Phytochemistry. 2017;136:94\u2013100.","journal-title":"Phytochemistry"},{"issue":"Pt 1","key":"2705_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1242\/jeb.200.1.1","volume":"200","author":"S Dr\u00f6se","year":"1997","unstructured":"Dr\u00f6se S, Altendorf K. Bafilomycins and concanamycins as inhibitors of V-ATPases and P-ATPases. J Exp Biol. 1997;200(Pt 1):1\u20138.","journal-title":"J Exp Biol"},{"issue":"8","key":"2705_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1437","DOI":"10.1080\/15548627.2015.1066957","volume":"11","author":"C Mauvezin","year":"2015","unstructured":"Mauvezin C, Neufeld TP. Bafilomycin A1 disrupts autophagic flux by inhibiting both V-ATPase-dependent acidification and Ca-P60A\/SERCA-dependent autophagosome-lysosome fusion. Autophagy. 2015;11(8):1437\u20138.","journal-title":"Autophagy"},{"issue":"1","key":"2705_CR55","first-page":"1","volume":"60","author":"AE Fiore","year":"2011","unstructured":"Fiore AE, et al. Antiviral agents for the treatment and chemoprophylaxis of influenza --- recommendations of the advisory committee on immunization practices (ACIP). MMWR Recomm Rep. 2011;60(1):1\u201324.","journal-title":"MMWR Recomm Rep"},{"issue":"1","key":"2705_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1782","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-021-22111-5","volume":"12","author":"R Wang","year":"2021","unstructured":"Wang R, et al. Molecular basis of V-ATPase Inhibition by Bafilomycin A1. Nat Commun. 2021;12(1):1782.","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"issue":"3","key":"2705_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1140","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.30029","volume":"68","author":"G Marrone","year":"2018","unstructured":"Marrone G, et al. The adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase-vacuolar adenosine triphosphatase-pH axis: a key regulator of the profibrogenic phenotype of human hepatic stellate cells. Hepatology. 2018;68(3):1140\u201353.","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"issue":"1\u20133","key":"2705_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"330","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2011.05.042","volume":"667","author":"W Shen","year":"2011","unstructured":"Shen W, et al. Effects of diphyllin as a novel V-ATPase inhibitor on gastric adenocarcinoma. Eur J Pharmacol. 2011;667(1\u20133):330\u20138.","journal-title":"Eur J Pharmacol"},{"key":"2705_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bruneau RC, Tazi L, Rothenburg S. Cowpox viruses: a zoo full of viral diversity and lurking threats. Biomolecules. 2023;13(2):325.","DOI":"10.3390\/biom13020325"},{"issue":"2","key":"2705_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMicm1702548","volume":"378","author":"E Talarek","year":"2018","unstructured":"Talarek E, Marczynska M. Cowpox virus infection. N Engl J Med. 2018;378(2):181.","journal-title":"Cowpox Virus Infect N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"12","key":"2705_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6819","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.03726-13","volume":"88","author":"D Byrd","year":"2014","unstructured":"Byrd D, et al. Primary human macrophages serve as vehicles for vaccinia virus replication and dissemination. J Virol. 2014;88(12):6819\u201331.","journal-title":"J Virol"}],"container-title":["Cell Communication and Signaling"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s12964-026-02705-6","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12964-026-02705-6.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12964-026-02705-6.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,20]],"date-time":"2026-02-20T14:03:09Z","timestamp":1771596189000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1186\/s12964-026-02705-6"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,28]]},"references-count":61,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]}},"alternative-id":["2705"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12964-026-02705-6","relation":{},"ISSN":["1478-811X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1478-811X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,28]]},"assertion":[{"value":"31 August 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"25 January 2026","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"28 January 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"This study underwent review and received approval from the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi\u2019an Jiaotong University (approval number: XJTUAE2024619).","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"129"}}