{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,3]],"date-time":"2026-11-03T17:40:53Z","timestamp":1793727653885,"version":"4.6.1"},"reference-count":57,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,29]],"date-time":"2021-06-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1624924800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,29]],"date-time":"2021-06-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1624924800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>One of the strategic actions identified in the Global Action Plan on Physical Activity (PA) 2018\u20132030 is the enhancement of data systems and capabilities at national levels to support regular population surveillance of PA. Although national and international standardized surveillance of PA among children and adolescents has increased in recent years, challenges for the global surveillance of PA persist. The aims of this paper were to: (i) review, compare, and discuss the methodological inconsistencies in children and adolescents\u2019 physical activity prevalence estimates from intercontinental physical activity surveillance initiatives; (ii) identify methodological limitations, surveillance and research gaps.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Intercontinental physical activity surveillance initiatives for children and adolescents were identified by experts and through non-systematic literature searches. Prevalence of meeting PA guidelines by country, gender, and age were extracted when available. A tool was created to assess the quality of the included initiatives. Methods and PA prevalence were compared across data\/studies and against the methodological\/validity\/translation differences.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Eight intercontinental initiatives were identified as meeting the selection criteria. Methods and PA definition inconsistencies across and within included initiatives were observed, resulting in different estimated national prevalence of PA, and initiatives contradicting each other\u2019s cross-country comparisons. Three findings were consistent across all eight initiatives: insufficient level of PA of children and adolescents across the world; lower levels of PA among girls; and attenuation of PA levels with age. Resource-limited countries, younger children, children and adolescents not attending school, with disability or chronic conditions, and from rural areas were generally under\/not represented.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>There are substantial inconsistencies across\/within included initiatives, resulting in varying estimates of the PA situation of children and adolescents at the global, regional and national levels. The development of a new PA measurement instrument that would be globally accepted and harmonized is a global health priority to help improve the accuracy and reliability of global surveillance.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12966-021-01155-2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,29]],"date-time":"2021-06-29T09:02:46Z","timestamp":1624957366000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":216,"title":["Global prevalence of physical activity for children and adolescents; inconsistencies, research gaps, and recommendations: a narrative review"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"Salom\u00e9","family":"Aubert","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Javier","family":"Brazo-Sayavera","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Silvia A.","family":"Gonz\u00e1lez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ian","family":"Janssen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Taru","family":"Manyanga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Adewale L.","family":"Oyeyemi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Patrick","family":"Picard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lauren B.","family":"Sherar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Evan","family":"Turner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8307-3568","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mark S.","family":"Tremblay","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,29]]},"reference":[{"issue":"5","key":"1155_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-017-4860-0","volume":"17","author":"V Carson","year":"2017","unstructured":"Carson V, Lee EY, Hewitt L, Jennings C, Hunter S, Kuzik N, et al. Systematic review of the relationships between physical activity and health indicators in the early years (0\u20134 years). BMC Public Health. 2017;17(5):33\u201363. [cited 2020 Jul 27] Available from. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12889-017-4860-0.","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"issue":"Suppl. 3","key":"1155_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S197","DOI":"10.1139\/apnm-2015-0663","volume":"41","author":"VJ Poitras","year":"2016","unstructured":"Poitras VJ, Gray CE, Borghese MM, Carson V, Chaput J-P, Janssen I, et al. Systematic review of the relationships between objectively measured physical activity and health indicators in school-aged children and youth. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab. 2016;41(Suppl. 3):S197\u2013239 [cited 2018 Apr 5]. Available from: http:\/\/www.nrcresearchpress.com\/doi\/10.1139\/apnm-2015-0663.","journal-title":"Appl Physiol Nutr Metab"},{"key":"1155_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Parrish AM, Tremblay MS, Carson S, Veldman SLC, Cliff D, Vella S, et al. Comparing and assessing physical activity guidelines for children and adolescents: A systematic literature review and analysis. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act. 2020;17:1\u201322. [cited 2020 Jul 27] Available from: https:\/\/link.springer.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s12966-020-0914-2","DOI":"10.1186\/s12966-020-00993-w"},{"key":"1155_CR4","unstructured":"World Health Organisation. WHO guidelines on physical activity and sedentary behaviour. Geneva; 2020. [cited 2020 Dec 6]. Available from: https:\/\/www.who.int\/publications\/i\/item\/9789240015128"},{"key":"1155_CR5","first-page":"33","volume-title":"Guidelines on physical activity, sedentary behaviour and sleep for children under 5 years of age. Geneva","author":"World Health Organization","year":"2019","unstructured":"World Health Organization. Guidelines on physical activity, sedentary behaviour and sleep for children under 5 years of age. Geneva; 2019. p. 33."},{"issue":"24","key":"1155_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1451","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports-2020-102955","volume":"54","author":"FC Bull","year":"2020","unstructured":"Bull FC, Al-Ansari SS, Biddle S, Borodulin K, Buman MP, Cardon G, et al. World Health Organization 2020 guidelines on physical activity and sedentary behaviour. Br J Sports Med. 2020;54(24):1451\u201362 [cited 2021 Jan 4] Available from: http:\/\/bjsm.bmj.com\/.","journal-title":"Br J Sports Med"},{"key":"1155_CR7","unstructured":"United Nations. Transforming our world: the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development .:. Sustainable Development Knowledge Platform. New York; 2015. [cited 2018 Apr 5]. Available from: https:\/\/sustainabledevelopment.un.org\/post2015\/transformingourworld"},{"key":"1155_CR8","unstructured":"World Health Organization. Global Action Plan on Physical Activity 2018-2030. Geneva; 2018. p. 1\u2013101. Available from: http:\/\/apps.who.int\/iris\/bitstream\/handle\/10665\/272722\/9789241514187-eng.pdf?ua=1"},{"issue":"1","key":"1155_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2288-8-47","volume":"8","author":"V Rangul","year":"2008","unstructured":"Rangul V, Holmen TL, Kurtze N, Cuypers K, Midthjell K. Reliability and validity of two frequently used self-administered physical activity questionnaires in adolescents. BMC Med Res Methodol. 2008;8(1):1\u201310 [cited 2020 Aug 10]. Available from: https:\/\/link.springer.com\/articles\/10.1186\/1471-2288-8-47.","journal-title":"BMC Med Res Methodol"},{"issue":"4","key":"1155_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"767","DOI":"10.1249\/MSS.0b013e3181620ed1","volume":"40","author":"KF Janz","year":"2008","unstructured":"Janz KF, Lutuchy EM, Wenthe P, Levy SM. Measuring activity in children and adolescents using self-report: PAQ-C and PAQ-A. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2008;40(4):767\u201372 [cited 2020 Jul 27]. Available from: https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/18317366\/.","journal-title":"Med Sci Sports Exerc"},{"key":"1155_CR11","volume-title":"Global School-based Student Health Survey","author":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention","year":"2016","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Global School-based Student Health Survey. 2016 [cited 2019 May 28]. Available from: https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/gshs\/background\/index.htm"},{"issue":"Suppl 2","key":"1155_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"140","DOI":"10.1007\/s00038-009-5405-9","volume":"54","author":"C Roberts","year":"2009","unstructured":"Roberts C, Freeman J, Samdal O, Schnohr CW, de Looze ME, Nic Gabhainn S, et al. The Health Behaviour in School-aged Children (HBSC) study: methodological developments and current tensions. Int J Public Health. 2009;54(Suppl 2):140\u201350 [cited 2019 Jan 22]. Available from: http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/19639259.","journal-title":"Int J Public Health"},{"key":"1155_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S5","DOI":"10.1002\/oby.22117","volume":"26","author":"HB Carvalho","year":"2018","unstructured":"Carvalho HB, Moreno LA, Silva AM, Berg G, Estrada-Restrepo A, Gonz\u00e1lez-Zapata LI, et al. Design and objectives of the south American Youth\/child cardiovascular and environmental (SAYCARE) study. Obesity. 2018 Mar 1;26:S5\u201313. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/oby.22117.","journal-title":"Obesity."},{"issue":"12","key":"1155_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"143949","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0143949","volume":"10","author":"PF Saint-Maurice","year":"2015","unstructured":"Saint-Maurice PF, Welk GJ. Validity and Calibration of the Youth Activity Profile. PLoS One. 2015;10(12):143949 [cited 2021 Jan 4]. Available from: \/pmc\/articles\/PMC4668067\/?report=abstract.","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"5","key":"1155_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"554","DOI":"10.1001\/archpedi.155.5.554","volume":"155","author":"JJ Prochaska","year":"2001","unstructured":"Prochaska JJ, Sallis JF, Long B. A physical activity screening measure for use with adolescents in primary care. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med. 2001;155(5):554\u20139 [cited 2020 Aug 10]. Available from: https:\/\/jamanetwork.com\/journals\/jamapediatrics\/fullarticle\/190611.","journal-title":"Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med"},{"key":"1155_CR16","unstructured":"International Physical Activity and the Environment Network. IPEN [Internet]. 2017 [cited 2019 Jan 26]. Available from: https:\/\/www.ipenproject.org\/"},{"issue":"10","key":"1155_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1077","DOI":"10.1016\/S2214-109X(18)30357-7","volume":"6","author":"R Guthold","year":"2018","unstructured":"Guthold R, Stevens GA, Riley LM, Bull FC. Worldwide trends in insufficient physical activity from 2001 to 2016: a pooled analysis of 358 population-based surveys with 1\u00b79 million participants. Lancet Glob Heal. 2018;6(10):e1077\u201386 [cited 2019 Jan 9]. Available from: https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/pii\/S2214109X18303577.","journal-title":"Lancet Glob Heal"},{"issue":"S5","key":"1155_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S42","DOI":"10.1038\/ijo.2008.182","volume":"32","author":"M Hagstr\u00f6mer","year":"2008","unstructured":"Hagstr\u00f6mer M, Bergman P, De Bourdeaudhuij I, Ortega FB, Ruiz JR, Manios Y, et al. Concurrent validity of a modified version of the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ-A) in European adolescents: The HELENA Study. Int J Obes. 2008;32(S5):S42\u20138 [cited 2019 Jan 30]. Available from: http:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/ijo2008182.","journal-title":"Int J Obes"},{"key":"1155_CR19","unstructured":"Aubert S, Barnes JD, Abdeta C, Abi Nader P, Adeniyi AF, Aguilar-Farias N, et al. Global matrix 3.0 physical activity report card grades for children and youth: results and analysis from 49 countries. J Phys Act Health. 2018;15(Supplement 2):S251\u201373."},{"issue":"1","key":"1155_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1016\/S2352-4642(19)30323-2","volume":"4","author":"R Guthold","year":"2019","unstructured":"Guthold R, Stevens GA, Riley LM, Bull FC. Global trends in insufficient physical activity among adolescents: a pooled analysis of 298 population-based surveys with 1\u00b76 million participants. Lancet Child Adolesc Heal. 2019;4(1):23\u201335 Available from: https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/pii\/S2352464219303232.","journal-title":"Lancet Child Adolesc Heal"},{"issue":"1","key":"1155_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"900","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2458-13-900","volume":"13","author":"PT Katzmarzyk","year":"2013","unstructured":"Katzmarzyk PT, Barreira TV, Broyles ST, Champagne CM, Chaput J-P, Fogelholm M, et al. The International Study of Childhood Obesity, Lifestyle and the Environment (ISCOLE): design and methods. BMC Public Health. 2013;13(1):900 [cited 2019 Jan 26]. Available from: http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/24079373.","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"issue":"1","key":"1155_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"485","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2458-11-485","volume":"11","author":"LB Sherar","year":"2011","unstructured":"Sherar LB, Griew P, Esliger DW, Cooper AR, Ekelund U, Judge K, et al. International children\u2019s accelerometry database (ICAD): Design and methods. BMC Public Health. 2011;11(1):485 [cited 2019 Jan 30]. Available from: http:\/\/bmcpublichealth.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/1471-2458-11-485.","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"key":"1155_CR23","volume-title":"The Routledge Handbook of Youth Physical Activity. Routledge. Abingdon","author":"S Aubert","year":"2020","unstructured":"Aubert S, Gonz\u00e1lez SA, Manyanga T, Tremblay MS. Global surveillance of Physical Activity of Children and Youth. In: Brusseau T, Fairclough S, Lubans D, editors. The Routledge Handbook of Youth Physical Activity. Routledge. Abingdon; 2020. Global Surveillance of Physical Activity of Children and Youth."},{"key":"1155_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tremblay MS. Challenges in global surveillance of physical activity. Lancet Child Adolesc Health. 2020;4(1):2\u20133.","DOI":"10.1016\/S2352-4642(19)30348-7"},{"key":"1155_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1046","DOI":"10.1016\/S2214-109X(18)30381-4","volume":"1","author":"D Ding","year":"2018","unstructured":"Ding D. Surveillance of global physical activity: progress, evidence, and future directions. The Lancet Global Health Elsevier Ltd. 2018;1:e1046\u20137.","journal-title":"The Lancet Global Health Elsevier Ltd"},{"issue":"9838","key":"1155_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(12)60646-1","volume":"380","author":"PC Hallal","year":"2012","unstructured":"Hallal PC, Andersen LB, Bull FC, Guthold R, Haskell W, Ekelund U. Global physical activity levels: surveillance progress, pitfalls, and prospects. Lancet. 2012;380(9838):247\u201357 [cited 2018 Apr 4]. Available from: https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/pii\/S0140673612606461.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"1155_CR27","unstructured":"Currie C, Inchley J, Molcho M, Lenzi M, Veselska Z, Wild F. Health Behaviour in School-aged Children (HBSC) study protocol: Background, methodology and mandatory items for the 2013\/14 survey. Child Adolesc Health Res Unit (CAHRU). 2014; [cited 2020 Aug 7]. Available from: https:\/\/researchonline.gcu.ac.uk\/en\/publications\/health-behaviour-in-school-aged-children-hbsc-study-protocol-back."},{"key":"#cr-split#-1155_CR28.1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Xu G, Sun N, Li L, Qi W, Li C, Zhou M, et al. Physical behaviors of 12-15 year-old adolescents in 54 low-and middle-income countries: Results from the Global School-based Student Health Survey. J Glob Health. 2020;10","DOI":"10.7189\/jogh.10.010423"},{"key":"#cr-split#-1155_CR28.2","unstructured":"(1) [cited 2020 Aug 7]. Available from: \/pmc\/articles\/PMC7211419\/?report=abstract."},{"issue":"9","key":"1155_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3145","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph17093145","volume":"17","author":"A Marques","year":"2020","unstructured":"Marques A, Henriques-Neto D, Peralta M, Martins J, Demetriou Y, Sch\u00f6nbach DMI, et al. Prevalence of Physical Activity among Adolescents from 105 Low, Middle, and High-Income Countries. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2020;17(9):3145 [cited 2020 Jul 29]. Available from: https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1660-4601\/17\/9\/3145.","journal-title":"Int J Environ Res Public Health"},{"issue":"S2","key":"1155_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S251","DOI":"10.1123\/jpah.2018-0472","volume":"15","author":"S Aubert","year":"2018","unstructured":"Aubert S, Barnes JD, Abdeta C, Abi Nader P, Adeniyi AF, Aguilar-Farias N, et al. Global Matrix 3.0 Physical Activity Report Card Grades for Children and Youth: Results and Analysis from 49 Countries. J Phys Act Heal. 2018;15(S2):S251\u201373 [cited 2019 may 28]. Available from: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1123\/jpah.2018-0472, 15, s2, S251, S273.","journal-title":"J Phys Act Heal"},{"key":"1155_CR31","unstructured":"World Health Organization. Spotlight on adolescent health and well-being. Findings from the 2017\/2018 Health Behaviour in School-aged Children (HBSC) survey in Europe and Canada. International report. Volume 2. Key data. Geneva; 2020. Available from: https:\/\/apps.who.int\/iris\/handle\/10665\/332104"},{"issue":"1","key":"1155_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"94","DOI":"10.1186\/s12966-019-0861-y","volume":"16","author":"T Manyanga","year":"2019","unstructured":"Manyanga T, Barnes JD, Chaput JP, Katzmarzyk PT, Prista A, Tremblay MS. Prevalence and correlates of adherence to movement guidelines among urban and rural children in Mozambique: A cross-sectional study. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act. 2019;16(1):94 [cited 2020 Dec 8]. Available from: https:\/\/ijbnpa.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s12966-019-0861-y, 16, 1, 94.","journal-title":"Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act"},{"key":"1155_CR33","volume-title":"Bangladesh 2014 Fact Sheet","author":"Global School-based Student Health Survey","year":"2014","unstructured":"Global School-based Student Health Survey. Bangladesh 2014 Fact Sheet 2014."},{"issue":"1","key":"1155_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1186\/s12966-015-0274-5","volume":"12","author":"AR Cooper","year":"2015","unstructured":"Cooper AR, Goodman A, Page AS, Sherar LB, Esliger DW, van Sluijs EMFM, et al. Objectively measured physical activity and sedentary time in youth: the International children\u2019s accelerometry database (ICAD). Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act. 2015;12(1):113 [cited 2018 May 22]. Available from: http:\/\/www.ijbnpa.org\/content\/12\/1\/113.","journal-title":"Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act"},{"issue":"1","key":"1155_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1186\/s12966-016-0449-8","volume":"13","author":"B Roman-Vi\u00f1as","year":"2016","unstructured":"Roman-Vi\u00f1as B, Chaput JP, Katzmarzyk PT, Fogelholm M, Lambert EV, Maher C, et al. Proportion of children meeting recommendations for 24-hour movement guidelines and associations with adiposity in a 12-country study. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act. 2016;13(1):123 [cited 2020 Oct 19]. Available from: http:\/\/ijbnpa.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s12966-016-0449-8.","journal-title":"Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act"},{"key":"1155_CR36","unstructured":"Active Healthy Kids Global Alliance. Global Matrix 4.0. 2021. https:\/\/www.activehealthykids.org\/4-0\/."},{"key":"#cr-split#-1155_CR37.1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Atkin AJ, Biddle SJH, Broyles ST, Chinapaw M, Ekelund U, Esliger DW, et al. Harmonising data on the correlates of physical activity and sedentary behaviour in young people: Methods and lessons learnt from the international Children's Accelerometry database (ICAD). Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act. 2017;14","DOI":"10.1186\/s12966-017-0631-7"},{"key":"#cr-split#-1155_CR37.2","unstructured":"(1) [cited 2021 Feb 15]. Available from: https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/29262830\/."},{"key":"1155_CR38","volume-title":"Global school-based student health survey (GSHS) purpose and methodology. WHO","author":"NCDs","year":"2020","unstructured":"NCDs | Global school-based student health survey (GSHS) purpose and methodology. WHO. 2020 [cited 2020 Aug 7]; Available from: http:\/\/www.who.int\/ncds\/surveillance\/gshs\/methodology\/en\/"},{"key":"1155_CR39","volume-title":"Global recommendation on physical activity for health","author":"World Health Organization","year":"2010","unstructured":"World Health Organization. Global recommendation on physical activity for health. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2010. [cited 2018 Jan 11]. p. 10\u201358. Available from: http:\/\/www.who.int\/dietphysicalactivity\/factsheet_recommendations\/en\/"},{"issue":"7","key":"1155_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"539","DOI":"10.2165\/11530770-000000000-00000","volume":"40","author":"MJM Chinapaw","year":"2010","unstructured":"Chinapaw MJM, Mokkink LB, van Poppel MNM, van Mechelen W, Terwee CB. Physical Activity questionnaires for Youth: a systematic review of measurement properties. Sport Med. 2010;40(7):539\u201363. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2165\/11530770-000000000-00000.","journal-title":"Sport Med"},{"issue":"22","key":"1155_CR41","first-page":"1","volume":"17","author":"CD Nystr\u00f6m","year":"2020","unstructured":"Nystr\u00f6m CD, Alexandrou C, Henstr\u00f6m M, Nilsson E, Okely AD, El Masri SW, et al. International study of movement behaviors in the early years (Sunrise): Results from sunrise sweden\u2019s pilot and covid-19 study. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2020;17(22):1\u201312 [cited 2021 Jan 18]. Available from: \/pmc\/articles\/PMC7698175\/?report=abstract.","journal-title":"Int J Environ Res Public Health"},{"key":"1155_CR42","unstructured":"Early Years Accelerometry - University of Wollongong \u2013 UOW [Internet]. [cited 2021 Jan 18]. Available from: https:\/\/www.uow.edu.au\/global-challenges\/living-well-longer\/early-years-accelerometry\/"},{"issue":"8","key":"1155_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1002","DOI":"10.2337\/dc16-1990","volume":"40","author":"BJ Anderson","year":"2017","unstructured":"Anderson BJ, Laffel LM, Domenger C, Danne T, Phillip M, Mazza C, et al. Factors Associated With Diabetes-Specific Health-Related Quality of Life in Youth With Type 1 Diabetes: The Global TEENs Study. Diabetes Care. 2017;40(8):1002\u20139 [cited 2019 Jan 29]. Available from: http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/28546221.","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"issue":"4","key":"1155_CR44","first-page":"456","volume":"34","author":"K Ng","year":"2017","unstructured":"Ng K, Tynj\u00e4l\u00e4 J, Sigmundov\u00e1 D, Augustine L, Sentenac M, Rintala P, et al. Physical Activity Among Adolescents With Long-Term Illnesses or Disabilities in 15 European Countries. Adapt Phys Act Q. 2017;34(4):456\u201365 [cited 2019 Feb 2]. Available from: http:\/\/journals.humankinetics.com\/doi\/10.1123\/apaq.2016-0138.","journal-title":"Adapt Phys Act Q"},{"key":"1155_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"122","DOI":"10.3389\/fped.2018.00122","volume":"6","author":"M Burghard","year":"2018","unstructured":"Burghard M, de Jong NB, Vlieger S, Takken T. 2017 Dutch Report Card+: Results From the First Physical Activity Report Card Plus for Dutch Youth With a Chronic Disease or Disability. Front Pediatr. 2018;6:122 [cited 2019 Jan 31]. Available from: http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/29761094.","journal-title":"Front Pediatr"},{"issue":"3","key":"1155_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jesf.2020.05.004","volume":"18","author":"CHP Sit","year":"2020","unstructured":"Sit CHP, Yu JJ, Huang WY, Wong MCS, Sum RKW, Tremblay MS, et al. Results from Hong Kong\u2019s 2019 report card on physical activity for children and youth with special educational needs. J Exerc Sci Fit. 2020 Sep 1;18(3):177\u201382. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jesf.2020.05.004.","journal-title":"J Exerc Sci Fit"},{"issue":"2","key":"1155_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwr068","volume":"174","author":"JR Ruiz","year":"2011","unstructured":"Ruiz JR, Ortega FB, Martinez-Gomez D, Labayen I, Moreno LA, De Bourdeaudhuij I, et al. Objectively Measured Physical Activity and Sedentary Time in European Adolescents: The HELENA Study. Am J Epidemiol. 2011;174(2):173\u201384. [cited 2019 Jan 26] Available from. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/aje\/kwr068.","journal-title":"Am J Epidemiol"},{"issue":"S2","key":"1155_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S135","DOI":"10.1038\/ijo.2014.144","volume":"38","author":"K Konstabel","year":"2014","unstructured":"Konstabel K, Veidebaum T, Verbestel V, Moreno LA, Bammann K, Tornaritis M, et al. Objectively measured physical activity in European children: the IDEFICS study. Int J Obes. 2014;38(S2):S135\u201343 [cited 2018 May 23] Available from: http:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/ijo2014144.","journal-title":"Int J Obes"},{"issue":"1","key":"1155_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1123\/jpah.2.1.115","volume":"2","author":"C Riddoch","year":"2005","unstructured":"Riddoch C, Edwards D, Page A, Froberg K, Anderssen SA, Wedderkopp N, et al. The European Youth Heart Study\u2014Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors in Children: Rationale, Aims, Study Design, and Validation of Methods. J Phys Act Heal. 2005;2(1):115\u201329. [cited 2019 Jan 30]Available from. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1123\/jpah.2.1.115.","journal-title":"J Phys Act Heal"},{"key":"1155_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Manios Y, Grammatikaki E, Androutsos O, Chinapaw MJ, Gibson EL, Buijs G et al. A systematic approach for the development of a kindergartenbased intervention for the prevention of obesity in preschool age children: the ToyBox\u2010study. Obes Rev. 2012:3\u201312.","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-789X.2011.00974.x"},{"issue":"1","key":"1155_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-016-2765-y","volume":"16","author":"M Fisberg","year":"2015","unstructured":"Fisberg M, Kovalskys I, G\u00f3mez G, Rigotti A, Cort\u00e9s LY, Herrera-Cuenca M, et al. Latin American Study of Nutrition and Health (ELANS): rationale and study design. BMC Public Health. 2015;16(1):93. [cited 2019 Jan 26]Available from. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12889-016-2765-y.","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"key":"1155_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S5","DOI":"10.1002\/oby.22117","volume":"26","author":"HB Carvalho","year":"2018","unstructured":"Carvalho HB, Moreno LA, Silva AM, Berg G, Estrada-Restrepo A, Gonz\u00e1lez-Zapata LI, et al. Design and Objectives of the South American Youth\/Child Cardiovascular and Environmental (SAYCARE) Study. Obesity. 2018;26:S5\u201313 [cited 2021 Jan 22]Available from: https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/29464921\/.","journal-title":"Obesity"},{"key":"1155_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Nashandi HL, Reilly JJ, Janssen X. Public health surveillance of habitual physical activity in adolescents and adults in Namibia: a cross-sectional validation of activity questionnaires against accelerometry. J Pub Health. 2020;fdaa067. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/pubmed\/fdaa067.","DOI":"10.1093\/pubmed\/fdaa067"},{"key":"1155_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Troiano RP, Stamatakis E, Bull FC. How can global physical activity surveillance adapt to evolving physical activity guidelines? Needs, challenges and future directions. Br J Sports Med. 2020;54:1468\u201373 [cited 2021 Jan 23] Available from: http:\/\/bjsm.bmj.com\/.","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports-2020-102621"},{"issue":"1","key":"1155_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e046636","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2020-046636","volume":"11","author":"KL Cain","year":"2021","unstructured":"Cain KL, Salmon J, Conway TL, Cerin E, Hinckson E, Mit\u00e1\u0161 J, et al. International Physical Activity and Built Environment Study of adolescents: IPEN Adolescent design, protocol and measures. BMJ Open. 2021;11(1):e046636 [cited 2021 Feb 5] Available from: http:\/\/bmjopen.bmj.com\/.","journal-title":"BMJ Open"}],"container-title":["International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12966-021-01155-2.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s12966-021-01155-2\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12966-021-01155-2.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,29]],"date-time":"2021-06-29T09:10:06Z","timestamp":1624957806000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/ijbnpa.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s12966-021-01155-2"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,29]]},"references-count":57,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,12]]}},"alternative-id":["1155"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12966-021-01155-2","relation":{},"ISSN":["1479-5868"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1479-5868","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,29]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2 March 2021","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"9 June 2021","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"29 June 2021","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors want to disclose that the three independent reviewers who performed the quality assessment of the included initiatives were involved in some of them: SA, ET, and MST contributed to the Global Matrix 3.0; MST was also involved in ISCOLE study.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"81"}}