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We also assessed domain-specific physical behaviours (walking, cycling, gardening and housework time) with self-report questionnaires at baseline (2006\u20132011) and follow-up (2012\u20132016) in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer (EPIC)-Norfolk study. We assessed body composition using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) at follow-up in 1535 participants (\u2265\u200960\u00a0years at baseline). From this, we derived appendicular lean muscle mass (ALM) indices (% relative ALM\u2009=\u2009(ALM\/total body weight)*100), body mass index (BMI)-scaled ALM (ALM\/BMI, kg\/kg\/m\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      ) and height-scaled ALM (ALM\/height\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      , kg\/m\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      )). We evaluated the prospective associations of both baseline and change in physical behaviours with follow-up muscle mass indices using multivariable linear regression.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Over 5.5\u00a0years (SD 14.8) follow-up, higher baseline accelerometer-measured physical activity and lower sedentary time were associated with higher subsequent relative ALM and BMI-scaled ALM, but not height-scaled ALM (e.g. 0.02% higher subsequent relative ALM per minute\/day of baseline MVPA for men). Greater increases in physical activity and greater declines in sedentary time variables were associated with higher subsequent relative ALM and BMI-scaled ALM, but not height-scaled ALM (e.g. 0.001\u00a0kg\/kg\/m\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      subsequent BMI-scaled ALM and 0.04% subsequent relative ALM per min\/day\/year increases in LPA over follow-up; 0.001\u00a0kg\/kg\/m\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      subsequent BMI-scaled ALM and -0.03% subsequent relative ALM per min\/day\/year less of total sedentary time over follow-up).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Greater increases in women\u2019s cycling and gardening over follow-up were associated with greater subsequent relative ALM (cycling 0.9% per hour\/week\/year; gardening 0.2% per hour\/week\/year) and BMI-scaled ALM (cycling 0.03\u00a0kg\/kg\/m\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      per hour\/week\/year; gardening 0.004\u00a0kg\/kg\/m\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      per hour\/week\/year).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Physical behaviours across all intensities, and in women more specifically cycling and gardening, may help prevent age-related declines in muscle mass.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12966-023-01547-6","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,26]],"date-time":"2024-01-26T05:02:24Z","timestamp":1706245344000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["Prospective associations between changes in physical activity and sedentary time and subsequent lean muscle mass in older English adults: the EPIC-Norfolk cohort study"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"21","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1830-5315","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dharani","family":"Yerrakalva","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Samantha","family":"Hajna","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kay-Tee","family":"Khaw","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Simon J.","family":"Griffin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Soren","family":"Brage","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"1547_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Volpi E, Nazemi R, Fujita S. 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