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The study had a two-arm, cluster randomized design comparing the intervention (walking school bus and education materials) to the control (education materials) over one school year October\/November \u2013 May\/June). Twenty-two schools that served lower income families participated. Outcomes included percentage of days students\u2019 active commuting to school (primary, measured via survey) and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA, measured via accelerometry). Follow-up took place in May or June. We used linear mixed-effects models to estimate the association between the intervention and outcomes of interest.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Total sample was 418 students [M<jats:sub>age<\/jats:sub>=9.2 (SD\u2009=\u20090.9) years; 46% female], 197 (47%) in the intervention group. The intervention group showed a significant increase compared with the control group over time in percentage of days active commuting (\u03b2\u2009=\u20099.04; 95% CI: 1.10, 16.98; <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.015) and MVPA minutes\/day (\u03b2\u2009=\u20094.31; 95% CI: 0.70, 7.91; <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.02).<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>These findings support implementation of walking school bus programs that are inclusive of school-age children from lower income families to support active commuting to school and improve physical activity.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Trail registration<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>This RCT is registered at clinicaltrials.gov (NCT01626807).<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12966-024-01602-w","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,10]],"date-time":"2024-05-10T11:01:57Z","timestamp":1715338917000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Evaluation of a walking school bus program: a cluster randomized controlled trial"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"21","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6638-9352","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ashleigh M.","family":"Johnson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chuan","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Miriam","family":"Haviland","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jason A.","family":"Mendoza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,10]]},"reference":[{"issue":"9838","key":"1602_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(12)60646-1","volume":"380","author":"PC Hallal","year":"2012","unstructured":"Hallal PC, Andersen LB, Bull FC, Guthold R, Haskell W, Ekelund U, et al. 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