{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,12]],"date-time":"2026-05-12T18:47:51Z","timestamp":1778611671547,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":80,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,8]],"date-time":"2025-04-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1744070400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,8]],"date-time":"2025-04-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1744070400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100006095","name":"Helse S\u00f8r-\u00d8st RHF","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2020061"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020061"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100006095","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Low adherence to moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) recommendations among patients undergoing metabolic bariatric surgery (MBS) is common. However, understanding of psychosocial factors that contribute to low adherence levels is limited. Self-regulation plays a key role in MVPA adherence. Still, the longitudinal and bidirectional associations between self-regulation and MVPA in the MBS patient population remains unexplored. This study aimed to investigate how self-regulatory processes of action- and coping planning, and action control, developed over a 1\u20135-year post-surgery period, and explore longitudinally the direct, indirect, and bidirectional associations between this development in self-regulation and MVPA assessed at 1- and 5-years after surgery.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Participants from the Oslo Bariatric Surgery Study (OBSS) completed MVPA-specific self-regulation questionnaires at 1-, 3-, and 5-years post-surgery and wore ActiGraph monitors for seven days at 1- and 5-years to assess daily MVPA. Second-order latent growth curve modeling examined changes in the three self-regulation constructs, followed by path analysis to explore direct, indirect, and bidirectional associations between baseline levels and changes in self-regulation, and MVPA at 1- and 5-years post-surgery.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>A total of 205 (82.8%), 195 (64.6%), and 79 (26.2%) male and females (77%) participated at 1-, 3-, and 5-years after surgery, respectively. Action- and coping- planning decreased with.52 and.30 sd, respectively, over 1\u20135 years post-surgery. This indicates a moderate effect size. Action control remained relatively stable. Indirect and bidirectional path analyses showed that only higher levels of action control at 1-year were indirectly associated with higher MVPA at 5-years through their impact on MVPA at 1-year, whereas there were no indications of bidirectional associations from MVPA levels at 1-year to changes in any of the self-regulation constructs over time.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>After MBS, patients exhibited low self-regulation 1-year post-surgery, and many participants faced growing difficulties in self-regulating over time. Self-regulation at 1-year was positively linked to MVPA, with action control only, being associated with MVPA at 5-years. However, no bidirectional associations from MVPA to self-regulation were found. These findings suggest further research is needed to test interventions targeting action control to improve MVPA adherence and optimize surgical outcomes and overall health after MBS.\n<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12966-025-01739-2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,8]],"date-time":"2025-04-08T12:47:17Z","timestamp":1744116437000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Longitudinal associations between self-regulation and physical activity behavior following metabolic bariatric surgery; an exploratory study"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"22","author":[{"given":"C.","family":"Sundgot-Borgen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"S.","family":"Baardstu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"D. S.","family":"Bond","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"F. F.","family":"Sniehotta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"I.","family":"Bergh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"T.","family":"Mala","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"\u00d8.","family":"R\u00f8","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"I. L.","family":"Kvalem","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"1739_CR1","first-page":"1","volume-title":"Nordic Nutrition Recommendations 2012: integrating nutrition and physical activity","author":"NNR","year":"2014","unstructured":"NNR. Nordic Nutrition Recommendations 2012: integrating nutrition and physical activity. Copenhagen: Nordic Council of Ministers; 2014. p. 1\u2013627."},{"issue":"24","key":"1739_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1451","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports-2020-102955","volume":"54","author":"FC Bull","year":"2020","unstructured":"Bull FC, Al-Ansari SS, Biddle S, Borodulin K, Buman MP, Cardon G, et al. World Health Organization 2020 guidelines on physical activity and sedentary behaviour. Br J Sports Med. 2020;54(24):1451\u201362.","journal-title":"Br J Sports Med"},{"key":"1739_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2117","DOI":"10.1007\/s11695-018-3283-z","volume":"28","author":"L Busetto","year":"2018","unstructured":"Busetto L, Dicker D, Azran C, Batterham RL, Farpour-Lambert N, Fried M, et al. Obesity management task force of the European Association for the study of obesity released \u201cPractical Recommendations for the Post-Bariatric Surgery Medical Management.\u201d Obes Surg. 2018;28:2117\u201321.","journal-title":"Obes Surg"},{"issue":"4","key":"1739_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"718","DOI":"10.1097\/SLA.0000000000004456","volume":"275","author":"WC King","year":"2022","unstructured":"King WC, Hinerman AS, White GE, Courcoulas AP, Saad MAB, Belle SH. Associations between physical activity and changes in weight across 7 years after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass surgery: a multicenter prospective cohort study. Ann Surg. 2022;275(4):718\u201326.","journal-title":"Ann Surg"},{"issue":"3","key":"1739_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"474","DOI":"10.1016\/j.soard.2016.09.012","volume":"13","author":"S Afshar","year":"2017","unstructured":"Afshar S, Seymour K, Kelly SB, Woodcock S, van Hees VT, Mathers JC. Changes in physical activity after bariatric surgery: using objective and self-reported measures. Surg Obes Related Dis. 2017;13(3):474\u201383.","journal-title":"Surg Obes Related Dis"},{"key":"1739_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"416","DOI":"10.1007\/s11695-019-04186-8","volume":"30","author":"KA Ouellette","year":"2020","unstructured":"Ouellette KA, Mabey JG, Eisenman PA, Shaw JM, Brusseau TA, Hatfield DL, et al. Physical activity patterns among individuals before and soon after bariatric surgery. Obes Surg. 2020;30:416\u201322.","journal-title":"Obes Surg"},{"issue":"7","key":"1739_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3015","DOI":"10.1007\/s11695-021-05337-6","volume":"31","author":"J Zabatiero","year":"2021","unstructured":"Zabatiero J, Smith A, Gucciardi DF, Hamdorf AMJM, Taylor SF, Hill K. Patterns of change in device-based physical activity and sedentary time following bariatric surgery: a longitudinal observational study. Obes Surg. 2021;31(7):3015\u201325.","journal-title":"Obes Surg"},{"issue":"6","key":"1739_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1143","DOI":"10.1002\/oby.21106","volume":"23","author":"WC King","year":"2015","unstructured":"King WC, Chen JY, Bond DS, Belle SH, Courcoulas AP, Patterson EJ, et al. Objective assessment of changes in physical activity and sedentary behavior: pre-through 3 years post-bariatric surgery. Obesity. 2015;23(6):1143\u201350.","journal-title":"Obesity"},{"issue":"7","key":"1739_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0271561","volume":"17","author":"A Bellicha","year":"2022","unstructured":"Bellicha A, Ciangura C, Roda C, Torcivia A, Aron-Wisnewsky J, Poitou C, Oppert J-M. Effect of exercise training after bariatric surgery: a 5-year follow-up study of a randomized controlled trial. PLoS ONE. 2022;17(7): e0271561.","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"1739_CR10","first-page":"1","volume":"33","author":"KN Launius","year":"2022","unstructured":"Launius KN, Herb Neff KM, Schuh LM, Saules KK, Creel DB, Inman MM. Long-term engagement in physical activity among bariatric surgery patients: associations with treatment outcomes at 5-year follow-up. Obes Surg. 2022;33:1\u20139.","journal-title":"Obes Surg"},{"key":"1739_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bastos M, Gonsalves C, de Almeida BP, Cavazzotto TG, da Silva MP. Do patients with obesity undergoing bariatric surgery modify their objectively measured physical activity? A systematic review and meta-analysis. Int J Obes. 2023;48:315\u201323.","DOI":"10.1038\/s41366-023-01452-9"},{"key":"1739_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bond DS, Heinberg LJ, Crosby RD, Laam L, Mitchell JE, Schumacher LM, et al. Associations between changes in activity and dietary behaviors after metabolic and bariatric surgery. Obes Surg. 2023;33:3062-68.","DOI":"10.1007\/s11695-023-06682-4"},{"issue":"12","key":"1739_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2395","DOI":"10.1038\/oby.2010.88","volume":"18","author":"DS Bond","year":"2010","unstructured":"Bond DS, Jakicic JM, Unick JL, Vithiananthan S, Pohl D, Roye GD, et al. Pre- to postoperative physical activity changes in bariatric surgery patients: self report vs. objective measures. Obesity (Silver Spring). 2010;18(12):2395\u20137.","journal-title":"Obesity (Silver Spring)"},{"key":"1739_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sundgot-Borgen C, Bond DS, Sniehotta FF, Kvalem IL, Hansen BH, Bergh I, et al. Associations of changes in physical activity and sedentary time with weight recurrence after bariatric surgery: a 5-year prospective study. Int J Obes. 2023;47:463-70.","DOI":"10.1038\/s41366-023-01284-7"},{"issue":"7","key":"1739_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1064","DOI":"10.1007\/s11695-014-1212-3","volume":"24","author":"KM Herman","year":"2014","unstructured":"Herman KM, Carver TE, Christou NV, Andersen RE. Keeping the weight off: physical activity, sitting time, and weight loss maintenance in bariatric surgery patients 2 to 16 years postsurgery. Obes Surg. 2014;24(7):1064\u201372.","journal-title":"Obes Surg"},{"issue":"4","key":"1739_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"504","DOI":"10.1007\/s11414-013-9386-3","volume":"42","author":"B Steinfeld","year":"2015","unstructured":"Steinfeld B, Scott J, Vilander G, Marx L, Quirk M, Lindberg J, Koerner K. The role of lean process improvement in implementation of evidence-based practices in behavioral health care. J Behav Health Serv Res. 2015;42(4):504\u201318.","journal-title":"J Behav Health Serv Res"},{"issue":"12","key":"1739_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3950","DOI":"10.1007\/s11695-018-3439-x","volume":"28","author":"OM Tettero","year":"2018","unstructured":"Tettero OM, Aronson T, Wolf RJ, Nuijten MA, Hopman MT, Janssen I. Increase in physical activity after bariatric surgery demonstrates improvement in weight loss and cardiorespiratory fitness. Obes Surg. 2018;28(12):3950\u20137.","journal-title":"Obes Surg"},{"issue":"4","key":"1739_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1705","DOI":"10.1007\/s11695-020-05184-x","volume":"31","author":"EC Romagna","year":"2021","unstructured":"Romagna EC, Lopes KG, Mattos DMF, Farinatti P, Kraemer-Aguiar LG. Physical activity level, sedentary time, and weight regain after bariatric surgery in patients without regular medical follow-up: a cross-sectional study. Obes Surg. 2021;31(4):1705\u201313.","journal-title":"Obes Surg"},{"issue":"14","key":"1739_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8328","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph19148328","volume":"19","author":"C Santos","year":"2022","unstructured":"Santos C, Carvalho M, Oliveira L, Palmeira A, Rodrigues LM, Greg\u00f3rio J. The long-term association between physical activity and weight regain, metabolic risk factors, quality of life and sleep after bariatric surgery. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2022;19(14):8328.","journal-title":"Int J Environ Res Public Health"},{"issue":"6","key":"1739_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e777","DOI":"10.1097\/SLA.0000000000004652","volume":"276","author":"WC King","year":"2022","unstructured":"King WC, Hinerman AS, White GE, Courcoulas AP, Belle SH. Associations between physical activity and changes in depressive symptoms and health-related quality of life across 7 years following Roux-en-Y gastric bypass surgery: a multicenter prospective cohort study. Ann Surg. 2022;276(6):e777\u201383.","journal-title":"Ann Surg"},{"issue":"2","key":"1739_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1016\/j.orcp.2022.03.006","volume":"16","author":"S Nymo","year":"2022","unstructured":"Nymo S, Lundanes J, Aukan M, Sandvik J, Johnsen G, Gr\u00e6slie H, et al. Diet and physical activity are associated with suboptimal weight loss and weight regain 10\u201315 years after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass: A cross-sectional study. Obes Res Clin Pract. 2022;16(2):163\u20139.","journal-title":"Obes Res Clin Pract"},{"issue":"1","key":"1739_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1751-9004.2007.00001.x","volume":"1","author":"RF Baumeister","year":"2007","unstructured":"Baumeister RF, Vohs KD. Self-Regulation, ego depletion, and motivation. Soc Pers Psychol Compass. 2007;1(1):115\u201328.","journal-title":"Soc Pers Psychol Compass"},{"issue":"2","key":"1739_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1080\/17437199.2010.521684","volume":"5","author":"RRC McEachan","year":"2011","unstructured":"McEachan RRC, Conner M, Taylor NJ, Lawton RJ. Prospective prediction of health-related behaviours with the theory of planned behaviour: A meta-analysis. Health Psychol Rev. 2011;5(2):97\u2013144.","journal-title":"Health Psychol Rev"},{"issue":"9","key":"1739_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"503","DOI":"10.1111\/spc3.12265","volume":"10","author":"P Sheeran","year":"2016","unstructured":"Sheeran P, Webb TL. The intention\u2013behavior gap. Soc Pers Psychol Compass. 2016;10(9):503\u201318.","journal-title":"Soc Pers Psychol Compass"},{"key":"1739_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-017-4255-2","volume":"17","author":"J Choi","year":"2017","unstructured":"Choi J, Lee M, Lee J-k, Kang D, Choi J-Y. Correlates associated with participation in physical activity among adults: a systematic review of reviews and update. BMC public health. 2017;17:1\u201313.","journal-title":"BMC public health."},{"issue":"5","key":"1739_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"623","DOI":"10.1080\/08870446.2021.1981900","volume":"38","author":"EM Roordink","year":"2023","unstructured":"Roordink EM, Steenhuis IH, Kroeze W, Schoonmade LJ, Sniehotta FF, van Stralen MM. Predictors of lapse and relapse in physical activity and dietary behaviour: a systematic search and review on prospective studies. Psychol Health. 2023;38(5):623\u201346.","journal-title":"Psychol Health"},{"issue":"1","key":"1739_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1080\/0887044021000019358","volume":"18","author":"A Luszczynska","year":"2003","unstructured":"Luszczynska A, Schwarzer R. Planning and self-efficacy in the adoption and maintenance of breast self-examination: a longitudinal study on self-regulatory cognitions. Psychol Health. 2003;18(1):93\u2013108.","journal-title":"Psychol Health"},{"issue":"2","key":"1739_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"261","DOI":"10.1348\/135910708X389042","volume":"14","author":"FF Sniehotta","year":"2009","unstructured":"Sniehotta FF. Towards a theory of intentional behaviour change: plans, planning, and self-regulation. Br J Health Psychol. 2009;14(2):261\u201373.","journal-title":"Br J Health Psychol"},{"issue":"19","key":"1739_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1265","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports-2022-106640","volume":"57","author":"K Feil","year":"2023","unstructured":"Feil K, Fritsch J, Rhodes RE. The intention-behaviour gap in physical activity: a systematic review and meta-analysis of the action control framework. Br J Sports Med. 2023;57(19):1265\u201371.","journal-title":"Br J Sports Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"1739_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"296","DOI":"10.1111\/bjhp.12032","volume":"18","author":"RE Rhodes","year":"2013","unstructured":"Rhodes RE, de Bruijn GJ. How big is the physical activity intention\u2013behaviour gap? A meta-analysis using the action control framework. Br J Health Psychol. 2013;18(2):296\u2013309.","journal-title":"Br J Health Psychol"},{"issue":"4","key":"1739_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"565","DOI":"10.1002\/ejsp.258","volume":"35","author":"FF Sniehotta","year":"2005","unstructured":"Sniehotta FF, Schwarzer R, Scholz U, Sch\u00fcz B. Action planning and coping planning for long-term lifestyle change: theory and assessment. Eur J Soc Psychol. 2005;35(4):565\u201376.","journal-title":"Eur J Soc Psychol"},{"issue":"2","key":"1739_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1080\/08870440512331317670","volume":"20","author":"FF Sniehotta","year":"2005","unstructured":"Sniehotta FF, Scholz U, Schwarzer R. Bridging the intention\u2013behaviour gap: planning, self-efficacy, and action control in the adoption and maintenance of physical exercise. Psychol Health. 2005;20(2):143\u201360.","journal-title":"Psychol Health"},{"issue":"1","key":"1739_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1080\/17437199.2011.560095","volume":"7","author":"A B\u00e9langer-Gravel","year":"2013","unstructured":"B\u00e9langer-Gravel A, Godin G, Amireault S. A meta-analytic review of the effect of implementation intentions on physical activity. Health Psychol Rev. 2013;7(1):23\u201354.","journal-title":"Health Psychol Rev"},{"issue":"2","key":"1739_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"228","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychsport.2012.10.004","volume":"14","author":"N Carraro","year":"2013","unstructured":"Carraro N, Gaudreau P. Spontaneous and experimentally induced action planning and coping planning for physical activity: A meta-analysis. Psychol Sport Exerc. 2013;14(2):228\u201348.","journal-title":"Psychol Sport Exerc"},{"issue":"1","key":"1739_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1348\/014466605X62460","volume":"45","author":"FF Sniehotta","year":"2006","unstructured":"Sniehotta FF, Nagy G, Scholz U, Schwarzer R. The role of action control in implementing intentions during the first weeks of behaviour change. Br J Soc Psychol. 2006;45(1):87\u2013106.","journal-title":"Br J Soc Psychol"},{"issue":"2","key":"1739_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"395","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2044-8287.2012.02099.x","volume":"18","author":"L Parschau","year":"2013","unstructured":"Parschau L, Fleig L, Koring M, Lange D, Knoll N, Schwarzer R, Lippke S. Positive experience, self-efficacy, and action control predict physical activity changes: A moderated mediation analysis. Br J Health Psychol. 2013;18(2):395\u2013406.","journal-title":"Br J Health Psychol"},{"key":"1739_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"82","DOI":"10.1007\/s12529-011-9214-1","volume":"20","author":"DS Bond","year":"2013","unstructured":"Bond DS, Thomas JG, Ryder BA, Vithiananthan S, Pohl D, Wing RR. Ecological momentary assessment of the relationship between intention and physical activity behavior in bariatric surgery patients. Int J Behav Med. 2013;20:82\u20137.","journal-title":"Int J Behav Med"},{"issue":"8","key":"1739_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2050","DOI":"10.1007\/s11695-017-2593-x","volume":"27","author":"I Bergh","year":"2017","unstructured":"Bergh I, Kvalem IL, Mala T, Hansen BH, Sniehotta FF. Predictors of physical activity after gastric bypass\u2014a prospective study. Obes Surg. 2017;27(8):2050\u20137.","journal-title":"Obes Surg"},{"issue":"3","key":"1739_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"467","DOI":"10.1038\/ijo.2016.237","volume":"41","author":"DS Bond","year":"2017","unstructured":"Bond DS, Thomas JG, Vithiananthan S, Unick J, Webster J, Roye GD, et al. Intervention-related increases in preoperative physical activity are maintained 6-months after Bariatric surgery: results from the bari-active trial. Int J Obes. 2017;41(3):467\u201370.","journal-title":"Int J Obes"},{"issue":"5","key":"1739_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"522","DOI":"10.1016\/j.soard.2011.07.018","volume":"8","author":"WC King","year":"2012","unstructured":"King WC, Hsu JY, Belle SH, Courcoulas AP, Eid GM, Flum DR, et al. Pre-to postoperative changes in physical activity: report from the longitudinal assessment of bariatric surgery-2 (LABS-2). Surg Obes Related Dis. 2012;8(5):522\u201332.","journal-title":"Surg Obes Related Dis"},{"key":"1739_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1705","DOI":"10.1007\/s11695-020-05184-x","volume":"31","author":"EC Romagna","year":"2021","unstructured":"Romagna EC, Lopes KG, Mattos DMF, Farinatti P, Kraemer-Aguiar LG. Physical activity level, sedentary time, and weight regain after bariatric surgery in patients without regular medical follow-up: a cross-sectional study. Obes Surg. 2021;31:1705\u201313.","journal-title":"Obes Surg"},{"issue":"1","key":"1739_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s40608-016-0084-6","volume":"3","author":"IL Kvalem","year":"2015","unstructured":"Kvalem IL, Bergh I, von Soest T, Rosenvinge JH, Johnsen TA, Martinsen EW, et al. A comparison of behavioral and psychological characteristics of patients opting for surgical and conservative treatment for morbid obesity. BMC obesity. 2015;3(1):1\u201311.","journal-title":"BMC obesity"},{"issue":"9","key":"1739_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1610","DOI":"10.1007\/s11695-015-1569-y","volume":"25","author":"I Bergh","year":"2015","unstructured":"Bergh I, Kvalem IL, Risstad H, Cameron LD, Sniehotta FF. Predictors of preoperative weight loss in morbidly obese adults waiting for bariatric surgery: a prospective cohort study. Obes Surg. 2015;25(9):1610\u20137.","journal-title":"Obes Surg"},{"issue":"4","key":"1739_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"910","DOI":"10.1016\/j.soard.2015.11.009","volume":"12","author":"I Bergh","year":"2016","unstructured":"Bergh I, Kvalem IL, Risstad H, Sniehotta FF. Preoperative predictors of adherence to dietary and physical activity recommendations and weight loss one year after surgery. Surg Obes Relat Dis. 2016;12(4):910\u20138.","journal-title":"Surg Obes Relat Dis"},{"issue":"1","key":"1739_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.1249\/mss.0b013e31815a51b3","volume":"40","author":"RP Troiano","year":"2008","unstructured":"Troiano RP, Berrigan D, Dodd KW, Masse LC, Tilert T, McDowell M. Physical activity in the United States measured by accelerometer. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2008;40(1):181.","journal-title":"Med Sci Sports Exerc"},{"issue":"2","key":"1739_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"266","DOI":"10.1249\/MSS.0b013e31822cb354","volume":"44","author":"BH Hansen","year":"2012","unstructured":"Hansen BH, Kolle E, Dyrstad SM, Holme I, Anderssen SA. Accelerometer-determined physical activity in adults and older people. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2012;44(2):266\u201372.","journal-title":"Med Sci Sports Exerc"},{"key":"1739_CR47","unstructured":"HHS. 2018 physical activity guidelines advisory committee scientific report. Washington, DC: U.S., Services DoHaH; 2018."},{"issue":"4","key":"1739_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"587","DOI":"10.1007\/s11695-015-1645-3","volume":"25","author":"SA Brethauer","year":"2015","unstructured":"Brethauer SA, Kim J, El Chaar M, Papasavas P, Eisenberg D, Rogers A, et al. Standardized outcomes reporting in metabolic and bariatric surgery. Obes Surg. 2015;25(4):587\u2013606.","journal-title":"Obes Surg"},{"issue":"11","key":"1739_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3493","DOI":"10.1007\/s11695-019-04022-z","volume":"29","author":"BT Grover","year":"2019","unstructured":"Grover BT, Morell MC, Kothari SN, Borgert AJ, Kallies KJ, Baker MT. Defining weight loss after bariatric surgery: a call for standardization. Obes Surg. 2019;29(11):3493\u20139.","journal-title":"Obes Surg"},{"issue":"15","key":"1739_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1560","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2018.14433","volume":"320","author":"WC King","year":"2018","unstructured":"King WC, Hinerman AS, Belle SH, Wahed AS, Courcoulas AP. Comparison of the performance of common measures of weight regain after bariatric surgery for association with clinical outcomes. JAMA. 2018;320(15):1560\u20139.","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"1739_CR51","unstructured":"Muth\u00e9n LK, Muth\u00e9n BO. 1998\u20132017. Mplus user\u2019s guide. Muth\u00e9n & Muth\u00e9n: Los Angeles, CA. 2017."},{"issue":"1","key":"1739_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1750-8606.2009.00110.x","volume":"4","author":"KF Widaman","year":"2010","unstructured":"Widaman KF, Ferrer E, Conger RD. Factorial invariance within longitudinal structural equation models: Measuring the same construct across time. Child development perspectives. 2010;4(1):10\u20138.","journal-title":"Child Dev Perspect"},{"issue":"1","key":"1739_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1080\/10705519909540118","volume":"6","author":"Hu Lt","year":"1999","unstructured":"Lt Hu, Bentler PM. Cutoff criteria for fit indexes in covariance structure analysis: conventional criteria versus new alternatives. Struct Equ Model: Multidiscip J. 1999;6(1):1\u201355.","journal-title":"Struct Equ Model: Multidiscip J"},{"issue":"4","key":"1739_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"408","DOI":"10.1080\/03637750903310360","volume":"76","author":"AF Hayes","year":"2009","unstructured":"Hayes AF. Beyond Baron and Kenny: Statistical mediation analysis in the new millennium. Commun Monogr. 2009;76(4):408\u201320.","journal-title":"Commun Monogr"},{"key":"1739_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"699","DOI":"10.1007\/s11019-013-9471-7","volume":"16","author":"KS Groven","year":"2013","unstructured":"Groven KS, R\u00e5heim M, Braithwaite J, Engelsrud G. Weight loss surgery as a tool for changing lifestyle? Med Health Care Philos. 2013;16:699\u2013708.","journal-title":"Med Health Care Philos"},{"issue":"5","key":"1739_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1252","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-3514.74.5.1252","volume":"74","author":"E Bratslavsky","year":"1998","unstructured":"Bratslavsky E, Muraven M, Tice DM. Ego depletion: Is the active self a limited resource? J Pers Soc Psychol. 1998;74(5):1252\u201365.","journal-title":"J Pers Soc Psychol"},{"key":"1739_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychsport.2018.07.010","volume":"39","author":"AL Rebar","year":"2018","unstructured":"Rebar AL, Dimmock JA, Rhodes RE, Jackson B. A daily diary approach to investigate the effect of ego depletion on intentions and next day behavior. Psychol Sport Exerc. 2018;39:38\u201344.","journal-title":"Psychol Sport Exerc"},{"issue":"4","key":"1739_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"516","DOI":"10.1016\/j.soard.2010.10.019","volume":"7","author":"K Higa","year":"2011","unstructured":"Higa K, Ho T, Tercero F, Yunus T, Boone KB. Laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass: 10-year follow-up. Surg Obesity and Related Diseases. 2011;7(4):516\u201325.","journal-title":"Surg Obesity and Related Diseases"},{"issue":"12","key":"1739_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"938","DOI":"10.1037\/hea0001224","volume":"41","author":"JF Hayes","year":"2022","unstructured":"Hayes JF, Wing RR, Unick JL, Ross KM. Behaviors and psychological states associated with transitions from regaining to losing weight. Health Psychol. 2022;41(12):938.","journal-title":"Health Psychol"},{"issue":"12","key":"1739_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1128","DOI":"10.1037\/hea0000800","volume":"38","author":"SP Goldstein","year":"2019","unstructured":"Goldstein SP, Goldstein CM, Bond DS, Raynor HA, Wing RR, Thomas JG. Associations between self-monitoring and weight change in behavioral weight loss interventions. Health Psychol. 2019;38(12):1128.","journal-title":"Health Psychol"},{"issue":"3","key":"1739_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2196\/15790","volume":"22","author":"K Frie","year":"2020","unstructured":"Frie K, Hartmann-Boyce J, Jebb S, Oke J, Aveyard P. Patterns in weight and physical activity tracking data preceding a stop in weight monitoring: observational analysis. J Med Internet Res. 2020;22(3): e15790.","journal-title":"J Med Internet Res"},{"key":"1739_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/cob.12643","volume":"14","author":"R Keyte","year":"2024","unstructured":"Keyte R, Mantzios M, Hussain M, Tahrani AA, Abbott S, Strachan R, et al. \u2018Surgery is my only hope\u2019: a qualitative study exploring perceptions of living with obesity and the prospect of having bariatric surgery. Clin Obes. 2024;14: e12643.","journal-title":"Clin Obes"},{"issue":"6","key":"1739_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/cob.12621","volume":"13","author":"LA Mercier","year":"2023","unstructured":"Mercier LA, Fortin A, Atto EJ, Lavoie KL. The nature of expectations of bariatric surgery in patients during the pre-and post-operative period: a unicentric, qualitative study of patient perspectives. Clin Obes. 2023;13(6): e12621.","journal-title":"Clin Obes"},{"issue":"5","key":"1739_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1768","DOI":"10.1007\/s11695-020-04392-9","volume":"30","author":"N Zarshenas","year":"2020","unstructured":"Zarshenas N, Tapsell LC, Neale EP, Batterham M, Talbot ML. The relationship between bariatric surgery and diet quality: a systematic review. Obes Surg. 2020;30(5):1768\u201392.","journal-title":"Obes Surg"},{"issue":"5","key":"1739_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"323","DOI":"10.1111\/cob.12205","volume":"7","author":"Y Graham","year":"2017","unstructured":"Graham Y, Hayes C, Small P, Mahawar K, Ling J. Patient experiences of adjusting to life in the first 2 years after bariatric surgery: a qualitative study. Clinical obesity. 2017;7(5):323\u201335.","journal-title":"Clinical obesity"},{"key":"1739_CR66","first-page":"1","volume":"14","author":"M Kalarchian","year":"2014","unstructured":"Kalarchian M, Turk M, Elliott J, Gourash W. Lifestyle management for enhancing outcomes after bariatric surgery. Curr DiabRep. 2014;14:1\u20139.","journal-title":"Curr DiabRep"},{"key":"1739_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1203","DOI":"10.1007\/s11695-015-1873-6","volume":"26","author":"F Stewart","year":"2016","unstructured":"Stewart F, Avenell A. Behavioural interventions for severe obesity before and\/or after bariatric surgery: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Obes Surg. 2016;26:1203\u201314.","journal-title":"Obes Surg"},{"issue":"4","key":"1739_CR68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/obr.12926","volume":"21","author":"LA David","year":"2020","unstructured":"David LA, Sijercic I, Cassin SE. Preoperative and post-operative psychosocial interventions for bariatric surgery patients: a systematic review. Obes Rev. 2020;21(4): e12926.","journal-title":"Obes Rev"},{"issue":"3","key":"1739_CR69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"210","DOI":"10.1111\/cob.12145","volume":"6","author":"M O'Kane","year":"2016","unstructured":"O\u2019Kane M, Parretti HM, Hughes CA, Sharma M, Woodcock S, Puplampu T, et al. Guidelines for the follow-up of patients undergoing bariatric surgery. Clin Obes. 2016;6(3):210\u201324.","journal-title":"Clin Obes"},{"key":"1739_CR70","unstructured":"Sandvik J, Laurenius A, N\u00e4slund I, Videhult P, Wiren M, Aasheim ET. Nordic guidelines for follow-up after obesity surgery]. Tidsskr Nor Laegeforen. 2018;138(4):1-5."},{"issue":"2","key":"1739_CR71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.1016\/j.soard.2019.10.025","volume":"16","author":"JI Mechanick","year":"2020","unstructured":"Mechanick JI, Apovian C, Brethauer S, Garvey WT, Joffe AM, Kim J, et al. Clinical practice guidelines for the perioperative nutrition, metabolic, and nonsurgical support of patients undergoing bariatric procedures\u20132019 update: cosponsored by American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists\/American College of Endocrinology, The Obesity Society, American Society for Metabolic & Bariatric Surgery, Obesity Medicine Association, and American Society of Anesthesiologists. Surgery for Obesity and Related Diseases. 2020;16(2):175\u2013247.","journal-title":"Surgery for Obesity and Related Diseases"},{"key":"1739_CR72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"349","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.g6608","volume":"349","author":"H Stegenga","year":"2014","unstructured":"Stegenga H, Haines A, Jones K, Wilding J. Identification, assessment, and management of overweight and obesity: summary of updated NICE guidance. Bmj. 2014;349:349.","journal-title":"Bmj."},{"key":"1739_CR73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"292","DOI":"10.1007\/s11695-013-1088-7","volume":"24","author":"JC Peacock","year":"2014","unstructured":"Peacock JC, Sloan SS, Cripps B. A qualitative analysis of bariatric patients\u2019 post-surgical barriers to exercise. Obes Surg. 2014;24:292\u20138.","journal-title":"Obes Surg"},{"key":"1739_CR74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3419","DOI":"10.1007\/s11695-019-04109-7","volume":"29","author":"SE Hanvold","year":"2019","unstructured":"Hanvold SE, Vinknes KJ, L\u00f8ken EB, Hjart\u00e5ker A, Klungs\u00f8yr O, Birkeland E, et al. Does lifestyle intervention after gastric bypass surgery prevent weight regain? A randomized clinical trial. Obes Surg. 2019;29:3419\u201331.","journal-title":"Obes Surg"},{"issue":"3","key":"1739_CR75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1372","DOI":"10.1007\/s11695-020-05044-8","volume":"31","author":"DA Rezende","year":"2021","unstructured":"Rezende DA, Pinto AJ, Goessler KF, Nicoletti CF, Sieczkowska SM, Meireles K, et al. Influence of adherence to social distancing due to the COVID-19 pandemic on physical activity level in post-bariatric patients. Obes Surg. 2021;31(3):1372\u20135.","journal-title":"Obes Surg"},{"issue":"1","key":"1739_CR76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1149\/2754-2726\/ad3561","volume":"3","author":"N Cusack","year":"2024","unstructured":"Cusack N, Venkatraman P, Raza U, Faisal A. Smart wearable sensors for health and lifestyle monitoring: commercial and emerging solutions. ECS Sensors Plus. 2024;3(1): 017001.","journal-title":"ECS Sensors Plus"},{"issue":"3","key":"1739_CR77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1002\/osp4.635","volume":"9","author":"G Wong","year":"2023","unstructured":"Wong G, Garner EM, Takkouche S, Spann MD, English WJ, Albaugh VL, Srivastava G. Combination anti-obesity medications to effectively treat bariatric surgery weight regain at an academic obesity center. Obes Sci Pract. 2023;9(3):203\u20139.","journal-title":"Obes Sci Pract"},{"issue":"2","key":"1739_CR78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"369","DOI":"10.1007\/s11605-020-04880-4","volume":"25","author":"C Edgerton","year":"2021","unstructured":"Edgerton C, Mehta M, Mou D, Dey T, Khaodhiar L, Tavakkoli A. Patterns of weight loss medication utilization and outcomes following bariatric surgery. J Gastrointest Surg. 2021;25(2):369\u201377.","journal-title":"J Gastrointest Surg"},{"issue":"9","key":"1739_CR79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"811","DOI":"10.1007\/s10654-018-0380-1","volume":"33","author":"R Patterson","year":"2018","unstructured":"Patterson R, McNamara E, Tainio M, de S\u00e1 TH, Smith AD, Sharp SJ, et al. Sedentary behaviour and risk of all-cause, cardiovascular and cancer mortality, and incident type 2 diabetes: a systematic review and dose response meta-analysis. Eur J Epidemiol. 2018;33(9):811\u201329.","journal-title":"Eur J Epidemiol"},{"issue":"1","key":"1739_CR80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1097\/JES.0b013e31826444e0","volume":"41","author":"WC King","year":"2013","unstructured":"King WC, Bond DS. The importance of preoperative and postoperative physical activity counseling in bariatric surgery. Exerc Sport Sci Rev. 2013;41(1):26\u201335.","journal-title":"Exerc Sport Sci Rev"}],"container-title":["International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12966-025-01739-2.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s12966-025-01739-2\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12966-025-01739-2.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,9]],"date-time":"2025-04-09T17:20:51Z","timestamp":1744219251000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/ijbnpa.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s12966-025-01739-2"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,8]]},"references-count":80,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]}},"alternative-id":["1739"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12966-025-01739-2","relation":{},"ISSN":["1479-5868"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1479-5868","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,8]]},"assertion":[{"value":"3 September 2024","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"27 March 2025","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"8 April 2025","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"All participants received oral and written information about the project. Written consent was obtained before study enrollment including a specific consent regarding collecting data from their medical records. Separate consent was obtained for wearing the ActiGraph. The study was approved by Regional Committees for Medical and Health Research Ethics (REK) South-East (REK2009\/1248) and The Norwegian Data Protection Authority at Oslo University Hospital.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"The participants have consented to the submission of the unidentifiable data that are presented in this paper for submission to the journal.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors have no competing interest to declare.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"40"}}