{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]],"date-time":"2026-10-16T14:49:12Z","timestamp":1792162152080,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":57,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,21]],"date-time":"2026-07-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1784592000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]],"date-time":"2026-10-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1792108800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":87,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act"],"abstract":"Abstract<\/jats:title>\n \n Background<\/jats:title>\n Health behaviours such as physical activity, sedentary behaviour, nutrition, sleep, alcohol consumption, and smoking are modifiable determinants of life satisfaction \u2013 an essential outcome for healthy ageing and well-being. We explored the longitudinal association between these health behaviours and life satisfaction among older adults in Canada.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Methods<\/jats:title>\n The study was a secondary analysis of data from the Canadian Longitudinal Study on Aging, focusing on 11,215 adults aged 65 years and older at baseline, with follow-ups 1 and 2 at three-year intervals. Data were analysed using linear mixed-effects growth curve models, stratified by gender, with health behaviours decomposed into within- and between-person components.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results<\/jats:title>\n \n At baseline, the participants\u2019 mean (SD) age was 72.94 (5.64) years, and 54.2% were women. Women had lower life satisfaction than men across waves, but the difference was trivial (\n B<\/jats:italic>\n =-0.24,\n p<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009=\u20090.035, predicted difference [\n pd<\/jats:italic>\n ]=-0.24 points, effect size [\n d<\/jats:italic>\n ]=-0.04). Men showed a decline in life satisfaction over time, though the effect size was small (\n B<\/jats:italic>\n =-0.09,\n p<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009=\u20090.004,\n pd<\/jats:italic>\n =-0.54 points,\n d<\/jats:italic>\n =-0.09). Within-person analyses showed that higher alcohol use relative to one\u2019s usual pattern was associated with lower life satisfaction (\n B<\/jats:italic>\n =-0.23,\n p<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009=\u20090.037,\n pd<\/jats:italic>\n =-0.92 points,\n d<\/jats:italic>\n =-0.15), especially among men, with an appreciable effect size (\n B<\/jats:italic>\n =-0.35,\n p<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009=\u20090.024,\n pd<\/jats:italic>\n =-1.40 points,\n d<\/jats:italic>\n =-0.24). In contrast, improvements in nutritional risk (\n B<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009=\u20090.04,\n p<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009<\u20090.001,\n pd<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009=\u20090.24 points,\n d<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009=\u20090.04) and sleep duration (\n B<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009=\u20090.22,\n p<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009<\u20090.001,\n pd<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009=\u20090.32 points,\n d<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009=\u20090.05) were associated with negligible concurrent increases in life satisfaction. At the between-person level, higher average physical activity across the waves was associated with slightly higher life satisfaction (\n B<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009=\u20090.01,\n p<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009=\u20090.004,\n pd<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009=\u20090.58 points,\n d<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009=\u20090.10), particularly among men (\n B<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009=\u20090.01,\n p<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009<\u20090.001,\n pd<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009=\u20090.58 points,\n d<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009=\u20090.10), whereas higher average sedentary time was weakly associated with lower life satisfaction (\n B<\/jats:italic>\n =-0.04,\n p<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009<\u20090.001,\n pd<\/jats:italic>\n =-0.33 points,\n d<\/jats:italic>\n =-0.06). Lower average nutritional risk (\n B<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009=\u20090.20,\n p<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009<\u20090.001,\n pd<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009=\u20091.22 points,\n d<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009=\u20090.21) and higher average sleep duration (\n B<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009=\u20090.35,\n p<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009<\u20090.001,\n pd<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009=\u20090.51 points,\n d<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009=\u20090.09) were associated with higher life satisfaction, with nutrition showing a modest effect size.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n The findings demonstrate that behavioural changes and sustained health behaviours are associated with differences in older adults\u2019 life satisfaction, with gender-specific patterns, providing actionable evidence for individuals, healthcare practitioners, and policymakers to promote healthy behaviours.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12966-026-01956-3","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,21]],"date-time":"2026-07-21T03:48:28Z","timestamp":1784605708000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Gender-disaggregated longitudinal associations between health behaviours and life satisfaction in community-dwelling older adults: a six-year growth curve analysis of the CLSA"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"23","author":[{"given":"Chiedozie James","family":"Alumona","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ogochukwu Kelechi","family":"Onyeso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Adesola C.","family":"Odole","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laura","family":"Vogelsang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jerome","family":"Singleton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Oluwagbohunmi Adetunji","family":"Awosoga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"1956_CR1","unstructured":"World Bank. 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