{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,9]],"date-time":"2026-05-09T01:48:42Z","timestamp":1778291322813,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,11]],"date-time":"2019-06-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1560211200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,11]],"date-time":"2019-06-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1560211200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000060","name":"National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["1R01AI099727"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1R01AI099727"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000060","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000060","name":"National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["1R01AI139265"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1R01AI139265"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000060","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Transl Med"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,12]]},"DOI":"10.1186\/s12967-019-1947-7","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,11]],"date-time":"2019-06-11T11:03:02Z","timestamp":1560250982000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Cytokine expression in Treponema pallidum infection"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"17","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3667-9719","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"N.","family":"Kojima","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"J. C.","family":"Siebert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"H.","family":"Maecker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Y.","family":"Rosenberg-Hasson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"S. R.","family":"Leon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"S. K.","family":"Vargas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"K. A.","family":"Konda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"C. F.","family":"Caceres","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"J. D.","family":"Klausner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"1947_CR1","unstructured":"World Health Organization. Proposing 2016\u20132021 global health sector strategies for HIV, viral hepatitis and sexually transmitted infections (STIs). Briefing note: 16.09.2015: World Health Organization; 2015."},{"issue":"1","key":"1947_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1007\/s40471-018-0138-z","volume":"5","author":"N Kojima","year":"2018","unstructured":"Kojima N, Klausner JD. An update on the global epidemiology of syphilis. Curr Epidemiol Rep. 2018;5(1):24\u201338.","journal-title":"Curr Epidemiol Rep."},{"issue":"RR-03","key":"1947_CR3","first-page":"1","volume":"64","author":"KA Workowski","year":"2015","unstructured":"Workowski KA, Bolan GA, Centers for Disease C, Prevention. Sexually transmitted diseases treatment guidelines, 2015. MMWR Recomm Rep. 2015;64(RR-03):1\u2013137.","journal-title":"MMWR Recomm Rep."},{"issue":"2","key":"1947_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1128\/CVI.00681-14","volume":"22","author":"MG Morshed","year":"2015","unstructured":"Morshed MG, Singh AE. Recent trends in the serologic diagnosis of syphilis. Clin Vaccine Immunol. 2015;22(2):137\u201347.","journal-title":"Clin Vaccine Immunol"},{"key":"1947_CR5","volume-title":"WHO guidelines for the treatment of Treponema pallidum (syphilis)","author":"World Health Organization","year":"2016","unstructured":"World Health Organization. WHO guidelines for the treatment of Treponema pallidum (syphilis). Geneva: World Health Organization; 2016."},{"issue":"4","key":"1947_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"419","DOI":"10.1097\/00002030-199104000-00010","volume":"5","author":"PD Johnson","year":"1991","unstructured":"Johnson PD, Graves SR, Stewart L, Warren R, Dwyer B, Lucas CR. Specific syphilis serological tests may become negative in HIV infection. AIDS. 1991;5(4):419\u201323.","journal-title":"AIDS."},{"issue":"1","key":"1947_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.8.1.1","volume":"8","author":"SA Larsen","year":"1995","unstructured":"Larsen SA, Steiner BM, Rudolph AH. Laboratory diagnosis and interpretation of tests for syphilis. Clin Microbiol Rev. 1995;8(1):1\u201321.","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Rev"},{"issue":"18","key":"1947_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1905","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2014.13259","volume":"312","author":"ME Clement","year":"2014","unstructured":"Clement ME, Okeke NL, Hicks CB. Treatment of syphilis: a systematic review. JAMA. 2014;312(18):1905\u201317.","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"9","key":"1947_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1222","DOI":"10.1086\/513427","volume":"44","author":"NM Zetola","year":"2007","unstructured":"Zetola NM, Klausner JD. Syphilis and HIV infection: an update. Clin Infect Dis. 2007;44(9):1222\u20138.","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"issue":"1","key":"1947_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1155\/2005\/597580","volume":"16","author":"S Ratnam","year":"2005","unstructured":"Ratnam S. The laboratory diagnosis of syphilis. Can J Infect Dis Med Microbiol. 2005;16(1):45\u201351.","journal-title":"Can J Infect Dis Med Microbiol."},{"issue":"2","key":"1947_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1136\/sti.2009.040360","volume":"86","author":"M Augenbraun","year":"2010","unstructured":"Augenbraun M, French A, Glesby M, Sanchez-Keeland L, Young M, Greenblatt R, et al. Hepatitis C virus infection and biological false-positive syphilis tests. Sex Transm Infect. 2010;86(2):97\u20138.","journal-title":"Sex Transm Infect."},{"issue":"1","key":"1947_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1097\/00003081-197503000-00017","volume":"18","author":"JN Miller","year":"1975","unstructured":"Miller JN. Value and limitations of nontreponemal and treponemal tests in the laboratory diagnosis of syphilis. Clin Obstet Gynecol. 1975;18(1):191\u2013203.","journal-title":"Clin Obstet Gynecol"},{"issue":"1","key":"1947_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1136\/sextrans-2016-052681","volume":"93","author":"M Pastuszczak","year":"2017","unstructured":"Pastuszczak M, Gozdzialska A, Jakiela B, Obtulowicz A, Jaskiewicz J, Wojas-Pelc A. Robust pro-inflammatory immune response is associated with serological cure in patients with syphilis: an observational study. Sex Transm Infect. 2017;93(1):11\u20134.","journal-title":"Sex Transm Infect."},{"issue":"4","key":"1947_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0175477","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0175477","volume":"12","author":"RL Zhang","year":"2017","unstructured":"Zhang RL, Wang QQ, Zhang JP, Yang LJ. Molecular subtyping of Treponema pallidum and associated factors of serofast status in early syphilis patients: identified novel genotype and cytokine marker. PLoS ONE. 2017;12(4):e0175477.","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"1947_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"426","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2334-13-426","volume":"13","author":"RG Deiss","year":"2013","unstructured":"Deiss RG, Leon SR, Konda KA, Brown B, Segura ER, Galea JT, et al. Characterizing the syphilis epidemic among men who have sex with men in Lima, Peru to identify new treatment and control strategies. BMC Infect Dis. 2013;13:426.","journal-title":"BMC Infect Dis"},{"issue":"1","key":"1947_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"255","DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-017-2332-x","volume":"17","author":"N Kojima","year":"2017","unstructured":"Kojima N, Park H, Konda KA, Joseph Davey DL, Bristow CC, Brown B, et al. The PICASSO Cohort: baseline characteristics of a cohort of men who have sex with men and male-to-female transgender women at high risk for syphilis infection in Lima, Peru. BMC Infect Dis. 2017;17(1):255.","journal-title":"BMC Infect Dis"},{"issue":"4","key":"1947_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"374","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cels.2016.09.009","volume":"3","author":"SS Shen-Orr","year":"2016","unstructured":"Shen-Orr SS, Furman D, Kidd BA, Hadad F, Lovelace P, Huang YW, et al. Defective signaling in the JAK-STAT pathway tracks with chronic inflammation and cardiovascular risk in aging humans. Cell Syst. 2016;3(4):374\u201384.","journal-title":"Cell Syst."},{"issue":"2","key":"1947_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"265","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/civ842","volume":"62","author":"N Kojima","year":"2016","unstructured":"Kojima N, Bristow CC, Maecker H, Rosenberg-Hasson Y, Leon SR, Vargas SK, et al. Similarities in the markers of inflammation between men with syphilis and women with increased risk of HIV acquisition. Clin Infect Dis. 2016;62(2):265\u20136.","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"issue":"2","key":"1947_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100","DOI":"10.1038\/nrrheum.2016.209","volume":"13","author":"V Abella","year":"2017","unstructured":"Abella V, Scotece M, Conde J, Pino J, Gonzalez-Gay MA, Gomez-Reino JJ, et al. Leptin in the interplay of inflammation, metabolism and immune system disorders. Nat Rev Rheumatol. 2017;13(2):100\u20139.","journal-title":"Nat Rev Rheumatol"},{"key":"1947_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cyto.2016.10.011","volume":"98","author":"A La Cava","year":"2017","unstructured":"La Cava A. Leptin in inflammation and autoimmunity. Cytokine. 2017;98:51\u20138.","journal-title":"Cytokine"},{"issue":"1","key":"1947_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.185.1.171","volume":"185","author":"P Sarraf","year":"1997","unstructured":"Sarraf P, Frederich RC, Turner EM, Ma G, Jaskowiak NT, Rivet DJ 3rd, et al. Multiple cytokines and acute inflammation raise mouse leptin levels: potential role in inflammatory anorexia. J Exp Med. 1997;185(1):171\u20135.","journal-title":"J Exp Med"},{"issue":"1 Pt 2","key":"1947_CR22","first-page":"R136","volume":"276","author":"R Faggioni","year":"1999","unstructured":"Faggioni R, Fantuzzi G, Gabay C, Moser A, Dinarello CA, Feingold KR, et al. Leptin deficiency enhances sensitivity to endotoxin-induced lethality. Am J Physiol. 1999;276(1 Pt 2):R136\u201342.","journal-title":"Am J Physiol"},{"issue":"5","key":"1947_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1781","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9440(10)65049-3","volume":"156","author":"R Faggioni","year":"2000","unstructured":"Faggioni R, Moser A, Feingold KR, Grunfeld C. Reduced leptin levels in starvation increase susceptibility to endotoxic shock. Am J Pathol. 2000;156(5):1781\u20137.","journal-title":"Am J Pathol"},{"issue":"2","key":"1947_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"332","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2249.2007.03491.x","volume":"150","author":"A Hsu","year":"2007","unstructured":"Hsu A, Aronoff DM, Phipps J, Goel D, Mancuso P. Leptin improves pulmonary bacterial clearance and survival in ob\/ob mice during pneumococcal pneumonia. Clin Exp Immunol. 2007;150(2):332\u20139.","journal-title":"Clin Exp Immunol"},{"issue":"4","key":"1947_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"414","DOI":"10.1097\/01.shk.0000209524.12873.da","volume":"25","author":"CW Wieland","year":"2006","unstructured":"Wieland CW, Stegenga ME, Florquin S, Fantuzzi G, van der Poll T. Leptin and host defense against Gram-positive and Gram-negative pneumonia in mice. Shock. 2006;25(4):414\u20139.","journal-title":"Shock."},{"issue":"10","key":"1947_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4350","DOI":"10.1210\/en.2003-0532","volume":"144","author":"E Xiao","year":"2003","unstructured":"Xiao E, Xia-Zhang L, Vulliemoz NR, Ferin M, Wardlaw SL. Leptin modulates inflammatory cytokine and neuroendocrine responses to endotoxin in the primate. Endocrinology. 2003;144(10):4350\u20133.","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"issue":"5","key":"1947_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1207","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.175.5.1207","volume":"175","author":"Y Negussie","year":"1992","unstructured":"Negussie Y, Remick DG, DeForge LE, Kunkel SL, Eynon A, Griffin GE. Detection of plasma tumor necrosis factor, interleukins 6, and 8 during the Jarisch\u2013Herxheimer Reaction of relapsing fever. J Exp Med. 1992;175(5):1207\u201312.","journal-title":"J Exp Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"1947_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-017-2201-7","volume":"17","author":"C Kenyon","year":"2017","unstructured":"Kenyon C, Osbak KK, Crucitti T, Kestens L. The immunological response to syphilis differs by HIV status; a prospective observational cohort study. BMC Infect Dis. 2017;17(1):111.","journal-title":"BMC Infect Dis"}],"container-title":["Journal of Translational Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12967-019-1947-7.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s12967-019-1947-7\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12967-019-1947-7.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,9]],"date-time":"2020-06-09T23:25:30Z","timestamp":1591745130000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/translational-medicine.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s12967-019-1947-7"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,11]]},"references-count":28,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,12]]}},"alternative-id":["1947"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12967-019-1947-7","relation":{},"ISSN":["1479-5876"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1479-5876","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,11]]},"assertion":[{"value":"13 March 2019","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"3 June 2019","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"11 June 2019","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"The Institutional Review Board at Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia and Alberto Barton Health Center (Lima, Peru) provided ethical approval and oversight of the study under Reference Number SIDISI 59996. The University of California Los Angeles institutional review board determined that analysis of de-identified data was exempt from human subjects\u2019 considerations.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics statement and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no competing interests.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"196"}}