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Recent evidence suggests that inflammation underlies the neurodegenerative process of Parkinson\u2019s disease (PD). Whether AS has an influence on the development of PD is unclear. We aimed to examine a relationship, if any exists between AS and PD.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n<jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>A population-based matched cohort study was performed using data from the 2000\u20132010 Taiwan National Health Insurance database. 6440 patients with AS and 25,760 randomly selected, age- and sex-matched controls were included in this study. The risk of PD in the AS cohort was evaluated by using a Cox model.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n<jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>This study revealed a positive association between AS and the risk of PD regardless of sex and age (aHR 1.75, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u2009.001). Particularly, AS cohort to non-AS cohort relative risk of PD significantly increased for the patients aged below 49 and above 65\u00a0years (aHR 4.70, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u2009.001; aHR 1.69, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u2009.001, respectively) and the patients with and without comorbidities (aHR 1.61, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u2009.001; aHR 2.71, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u2009.001, respectively). Furthermore, NSAID use was associated with lower risk of PD (aHR 0.69, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u2009.05). However, the risk of PD was higher (aHR 2.40, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u2009.01) in patients with AS receiving immunosuppressants than in those not receiving (aHR 1.70, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u2009.001).<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n<jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Patients with AS had an increased risk of PD which might be related to underlying chronic inflammation. Further research is required to elucidate the underlying mechanism.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12967-020-02629-w","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,30]],"date-time":"2020-11-30T12:05:20Z","timestamp":1606737920000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Positive association of Parkinson\u2019s disease with ankylosing spondylitis: a nationwide population-based study"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"Fu-Chiang","family":"Yeh","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hsiang-Cheng","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yu-Ching","family":"Chou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cheng-Li","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chia-Hung","family":"Kao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hsin-Yi","family":"Lo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Feng-Cheng","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3165-132X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tse-Yen","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"2629_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1038\/s41413-019-0057-8","volume":"7","author":"W Zhu","year":"2019","unstructured":"Zhu W, He X, Cheng K, Zhang L, Chen D, Wang X, Qiu G, Cao X, Weng X. 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