{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,30]],"date-time":"2026-10-30T00:58:09Z","timestamp":1793321889120,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":57,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,11]],"date-time":"2022-06-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1654905600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,11]],"date-time":"2022-06-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1654905600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"name":"Taiwan Ministry of Health and Welfare Clinical Trial Center","award":["MOHW109-TDU-B-212-114004"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MOHW109-TDU-B-212-114004"]}]},{"name":"MOST Clinical Trial Consortium for Stroke","award":["MOST 109-2321-B-039-002"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MOST 109-2321-B-039-002"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004391","name":"China Medical University Hospital","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["DMR-109-231"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["DMR-109-231"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004391","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"Tseng-Lien Lin Foundation, Taichung, Taiwan"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100014804","name":"Mackay Medical College","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["1082A03"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1082A03"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100014804","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"Department of Medical Research at Mackay Memorial Hospital","award":["MMH-107-135"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MMH-107-135"]}]},{"name":"Department of Medical Research at Mackay Memorial Hospital","award":["MMH-109-79"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MMH-109-79"]}]},{"name":"Department of Medical Research at Mackay Memorial Hospital","award":["MMH-109-103"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MMH-109-103"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Transl Med"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study aims to provide 12-year nationwide epidemiology data to investigate the epidemiology and comorbidities of and therapeutic options for chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) by analyzing the National Health Insurance Research Database.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>6306 patients identified as having CFS during the 2000\u20132012 period and 6306 controls (with similar distributions of age and sex) were analyzed.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Result<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The patients with CFS were predominantly female and aged 35\u201364\u00a0years in Taiwan and presented a higher proportion of depression, anxiety disorder, insomnia, Crohn\u2019s disease, ulcerative colitis, renal disease, type 2 diabetes, gout, dyslipidemia, rheumatoid arthritis, Sjogren syndrome, and herpes zoster. The use of selective serotonin receptor inhibitors (SSRIs), serotonin norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs), Serotonin antagonist and reuptake inhibitors (SARIs), Tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs), benzodiazepine (BZD), Norepinephrine-dopamine reuptake inhibitors (NDRIs), muscle relaxants, analgesic drugs, psychotherapies, and exercise therapies was prescribed significantly more frequently in the CFS cohort than in the control group.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This large national study shared the mainstream therapies of CFS in Taiwan, we noticed these treatments reported effective to relieve symptoms in previous studies. Furthermore, our findings indicate that clinicians should have a heightened awareness of the comorbidities of CFS, especially in psychiatric problems.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12967-022-03461-0","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,11]],"date-time":"2022-06-11T04:02:56Z","timestamp":1654920176000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Treatments of\u00a0chronic fatigue syndrome and\u00a0its debilitating comorbidities: a 12-year\u00a0population-based study"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"20","author":[{"given":"Kam-Hang","family":"Leong","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hei-Tung","family":"Yip","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chien-Feng","family":"Kuo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7978-778X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shin-Yi","family":"Tsai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,11]]},"reference":[{"issue":"12","key":"3461_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"871","DOI":"10.7326\/M15-0647","volume":"162","author":"AL Komaroff","year":"2015","unstructured":"Komaroff AL. Myalgic encephalomyelitis\/chronic fatigue syndrome: a real illness. Ann Intern Med. 2015;162(12):871\u20132.","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"issue":"12","key":"3461_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"953","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-121-12-199412150-00009","volume":"121","author":"K Fukuda","year":"1994","unstructured":"Fukuda K, Straus SE, Hickie I, Sharpe MC, Dobbins JG, Komaroff A. The chronic fatigue syndrome: a comprehensive approach to its definition and study. International Chronic Fatigue Syndrome Study Group. Ann Intern Med. 1994;121(12):953\u20139.","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"3461_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"327","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2796.2011.02428.x","volume":"270","author":"BM Carruthers","year":"2011","unstructured":"Carruthers BM, van de Sande MI, De Meirleir KL, Klimas NG, Broderick G, Mitchell T, Staines D, Powles AC, Speight N, Vallings R, et al. Myalgic encephalomyelitis: International Consensus Criteria. J Intern Med. 2011;270(4):327\u201338.","journal-title":"J Intern Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"3461_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7520","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-021-87018-z","volume":"11","author":"CF Kuo","year":"2021","unstructured":"Kuo CF, Shi L, Lin CL, Yao WC, Chen HT, Lio CF, Wang YT, Su CH, Hsu NW, Tsai SY. How peptic ulcer disease could potentially lead to the lifelong, debilitating effects of chronic fatigue syndrome: an insight. Sci Rep. 2021;11(1):7520.","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"issue":"1","key":"3461_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1186\/s12967-022-03301-1","volume":"20","author":"TY Yang","year":"2022","unstructured":"Yang TY, Lin CL, Yao WC, Lio CF, Chiang WP, Lin K, Kuo CF, Tsai SY. How mycobacterium tuberculosis infection could lead to the increasing risks of chronic fatigue syndrome and the potential immunological effects: a population-based retrospective cohort study. J Transl Med. 2022;20(1):99.","journal-title":"J Transl Med"},{"key":"3461_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1186\/1741-7015-8-35","volume":"8","author":"M Maes","year":"2010","unstructured":"Maes M, Twisk FN. Chronic fatigue syndrome: Harvey and Wessely\u2019s (bio)psychosocial model versus a bio(psychosocial) model based on inflammatory and oxidative and nitrosative stress pathways. BMC Med. 2010;8:35.","journal-title":"BMC Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"3461_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"523","DOI":"10.1007\/s11011-012-9324-8","volume":"28","author":"G Morris","year":"2013","unstructured":"Morris G, Maes M. A neuro-immune model of myalgic encephalomyelitis\/chronic fatigue syndrome. Metab Brain Dis. 2013;28(4):523\u201340.","journal-title":"Metab Brain Dis"},{"issue":"2\u20133","key":"3461_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2005.11.002","volume":"90","author":"M Maes","year":"2006","unstructured":"Maes M, Mihaylova I, De Ruyter M. Lower serum zinc in Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (CFS): relationships to immune dysfunctions and relevance for the oxidative stress status in CFS. J Affect Disord. 2006;90(2\u20133):141\u20137.","journal-title":"J Affect Disord"},{"issue":"1","key":"3461_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"342","DOI":"10.1186\/s12967-018-1713-2","volume":"16","author":"SY Tsai","year":"2018","unstructured":"Tsai SY, Lin CL, Shih SC, Hsu CW, Leong KH, Kuo CF, Lio CF, Chen YT, Hung YJ, Shi L. Increased risk of chronic fatigue syndrome following burn injuries. J Transl Med. 2018;16(1):342.","journal-title":"J Transl Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"3461_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1186\/s12967-019-1797-3","volume":"17","author":"SY Tsai","year":"2019","unstructured":"Tsai SY, Chen HJ, Lio CF, Kuo CF, Kao AC, Wang WS, Yao WC, Chen C, Yang TY. Increased risk of chronic fatigue syndrome in patients with inflammatory bowel disease: a population-based retrospective cohort study. J Transl Med. 2019;17(1):55.","journal-title":"J Transl Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"3461_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"154","DOI":"10.1186\/s12967-019-1888-1","volume":"17","author":"SY Tsai","year":"2019","unstructured":"Tsai SY, Chen HJ, Chen C, Lio CF, Kuo CF, Leong KH, Wang YT, Yang TY, You CH, Wang WS. Increased risk of chronic fatigue syndrome following psoriasis: a nationwide population-based cohort study. J Transl Med. 2019;17(1):154.","journal-title":"J Transl Med"},{"issue":"9","key":"3461_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1653","DOI":"10.1007\/s10096-014-2095-x","volume":"33","author":"SY Tsai","year":"2014","unstructured":"Tsai SY, Yang TY, Chen HJ, Chen CS, Lin WM, Shen WC, Kuo CN, Kao CH. Increased risk of chronic fatigue syndrome following herpes zoster: a population-based study. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis. 2014;33(9):1653\u20139.","journal-title":"Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis"},{"key":"3461_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.1186\/1472-6963-11-217","volume":"11","author":"SM Collin","year":"2011","unstructured":"Collin SM, Crawley E, May MT, Sterne JA, Hollingworth W. Database UCMNO: The impact of CFS\/ME on employment and productivity in the UK: a cross-sectional study based on the CFS\/ME national outcomes database. BMC Health Serv Res. 2011;11:217.","journal-title":"BMC Health Serv Res"},{"issue":"4","key":"3461_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.1515\/reveh-2015-0026","volume":"30","author":"AC Bested","year":"2015","unstructured":"Bested AC, Marshall LM. Review of Myalgic Encephalomyelitis\/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome: an evidence-based approach to diagnosis and management by clinicians. Rev Environ Health. 2015;30(4):223\u201349.","journal-title":"Rev Environ Health"},{"issue":"6","key":"3461_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"601","DOI":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2018.01.009","volume":"17","author":"F Sotzny","year":"2018","unstructured":"Sotzny F, Blanco J, Capelli E, Castro-Marrero J, Steiner S, Murovska M, Scheibenbogen C. European Network on MC: myalgic encephalomyelitis\/chronic fatigue syndrome\u2014evidence for an autoimmune disease. Autoimmun Rev. 2018;17(6):601\u20139.","journal-title":"Autoimmun Rev"},{"key":"3461_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2015.09.013","volume":"52","author":"M Loebel","year":"2016","unstructured":"Loebel M, Grabowski P, Heidecke H, Bauer S, Hanitsch LG, Wittke K, Meisel C, Reinke P, Volk HD, Fluge O, et al. Antibodies to beta adrenergic and muscarinic cholinergic receptors in patients with Chronic Fatigue Syndrome. Brain Behav Immun. 2016;52:32\u20139.","journal-title":"Brain Behav Immun"},{"issue":"6","key":"3461_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1174","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2008.04.006","volume":"32","author":"L Lanfumey","year":"2008","unstructured":"Lanfumey L, Mongeau R, Cohen-Salmon C, Hamon M. Corticosteroid-serotonin interactions in the neurobiological mechanisms of stress-related disorders. Neurosci Biobehav Rev. 2008;32(6):1174\u201384.","journal-title":"Neurosci Biobehav Rev"},{"issue":"2","key":"3461_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"236","DOI":"10.1210\/er.2002-0014","volume":"24","author":"AJ Cleare","year":"2003","unstructured":"Cleare AJ. The neuroendocrinology of chronic fatigue syndrome. Endocr Rev. 2003;24(2):236\u201352.","journal-title":"Endocr Rev"},{"issue":"1","key":"3461_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1038\/nrendo.2011.153","volume":"8","author":"AS Papadopoulos","year":"2011","unstructured":"Papadopoulos AS, Cleare AJ. Hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis dysfunction in chronic fatigue syndrome. Nat Rev Endocrinol. 2011;8(1):22\u201332.","journal-title":"Nat Rev Endocrinol"},{"key":"3461_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hunt J, Blease C, Geraghty KJ: Long Covid at the crossroads: Comparisons and lessons from the treatment of patients with myalgic encephalomyelitis\/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME\/CFS). J Health Psychol 2022:13591053221084494.","DOI":"10.1177\/13591053221084494"},{"issue":"9","key":"3461_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"428","DOI":"10.1177\/01410768211032850","volume":"114","author":"OL Aiyegbusi","year":"2021","unstructured":"Aiyegbusi OL, Hughes SE, Turner G, Rivera SC, McMullan C, Chandan JS, Haroon S, Price G, Davies EH, Nirantharakumar K, et al. Symptoms, complications and management of long COVID: a review. J R Soc Med. 2021;114(9):428\u201342.","journal-title":"J R Soc Med"},{"issue":"10","key":"3461_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"737","DOI":"10.1080\/23744235.2021.1924397","volume":"53","author":"SJ Yong","year":"2021","unstructured":"Yong SJ. Long COVID or post-COVID-19 syndrome: putative pathophysiology, risk factors, and treatments. Infect Dis. 2021;53(10):737\u201354.","journal-title":"Infect Dis"},{"issue":"3","key":"3461_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2021.102754","volume":"20","author":"ZW Gao","year":"2021","unstructured":"Gao ZW, Zhang HZ, Liu C, Dong K. Autoantibodies in COVID-19: frequency and function. Autoimmun Rev. 2021;20(3): 102754.","journal-title":"Autoimmun Rev"},{"issue":"9","key":"3461_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1473","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jiab181","volume":"224","author":"M Zhou","year":"2021","unstructured":"Zhou M, Yin Z, Xu J, Wang S, Liao T, Wang K, Li Y, Yang F, Wang Z, Yang G, et al. Inflammatory Profiles and Clinical Features of Coronavirus 2019 Survivors 3 Months After Discharge in Wuhan, China. J Infect Dis. 2021;224(9):1473\u201388.","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"3461_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.n1648","volume":"374","author":"H Crook","year":"2021","unstructured":"Crook H, Raza S, Nowell J, Young M, Edison P. Long covid-mechanisms, risk factors, and management. BMJ. 2021;374: n1648.","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"3461_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.med.49.1.1","volume":"49","author":"AL Komaroff","year":"1998","unstructured":"Komaroff AL, Buchwald DS. Chronic fatigue syndrome: an update. Annu Rev Med. 1998;49:1\u201313.","journal-title":"Annu Rev Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"3461_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1038\/nri.2015.5","volume":"16","author":"AH Miller","year":"2016","unstructured":"Miller AH, Raison CL. The role of inflammation in depression: from evolutionary imperative to modern treatment target. Nat Rev Immunol. 2016;16(1):22\u201334.","journal-title":"Nat Rev Immunol"},{"issue":"3","key":"3461_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2885.2008.00944.x","volume":"31","author":"LF Mohammad-Zadeh","year":"2008","unstructured":"Mohammad-Zadeh LF, Moses L, Gwaltney-Brant SM. Serotonin: a review. J Vet Pharmacol Ther. 2008;31(3):187\u201399.","journal-title":"J Vet Pharmacol Ther"},{"issue":"3","key":"3461_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"239","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2004.10.031","volume":"57","author":"AJ Cleare","year":"2005","unstructured":"Cleare AJ, Messa C, Rabiner EA, Grasby PM. Brain 5-HT1A receptor binding in chronic fatigue syndrome measured using positron emission tomography and [11C]WAY-100635. Biol Psychiatry. 2005;57(3):239\u201346.","journal-title":"Biol Psychiatry"},{"issue":"2","key":"3461_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-3999(81)90095-7","volume":"25","author":"A Poteliakhoff","year":"1981","unstructured":"Poteliakhoff A. Adrenocortical activity and some clinical findings in acute and chronic fatigue. J Psychosom Res. 1981;25(2):91\u20135.","journal-title":"J Psychosom Res"},{"issue":"8","key":"3461_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"503","DOI":"10.1002\/hup.805","volume":"21","author":"MA Thomas","year":"2006","unstructured":"Thomas MA, Smith AP. An investigation of the long-term benefits of antidepressant medication in the recovery of patients with chronic fatigue syndrome. Hum Psychopharmacol. 2006;21(8):503\u20139.","journal-title":"Hum Psychopharmacol"},{"key":"3461_CR32","first-page":"CD011735","volume":"6","author":"B Walitt","year":"2015","unstructured":"Walitt B, Urrutia G, Nishishinya MB, Cantrell SE, Hauser W. Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors for fibromyalgia syndrome. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2015;6:CD011735.","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"issue":"12","key":"3461_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1350","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2006.06.015","volume":"60","author":"GI Papakostas","year":"2006","unstructured":"Papakostas GI, Nutt DJ, Hallett LA, Tucker VL, Krishen A, Fava M. Resolution of sleepiness and fatigue in major depressive disorder: a comparison of bupropion and the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors. Biol Psychiatry. 2006;60(12):1350\u20135.","journal-title":"Biol Psychiatry"},{"issue":"7","key":"3461_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"706","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2013.193","volume":"309","author":"DJ Buysse","year":"2013","unstructured":"Buysse DJ. Insomnia. JAMA. 2013;309(7):706\u201316.","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"1","key":"3461_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/s11926-017-0628-x","volume":"19","author":"M Gerwyn","year":"2017","unstructured":"Gerwyn M, Maes M. Mechanisms explaining muscle fatigue and muscle pain in patients with myalgic encephalomyelitis\/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME\/CFS): a review of recent findings. Curr Rheumatol Rep. 2017;19(1):1.","journal-title":"Curr Rheumatol Rep"},{"key":"3461_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2497348","DOI":"10.1155\/2016\/2497348","volume":"2016","author":"G Rutherford","year":"2016","unstructured":"Rutherford G, Manning P, Newton JL. Understanding muscle dysfunction in chronic fatigue syndrome. J Aging Res. 2016;2016:2497348.","journal-title":"J Aging Res"},{"key":"3461_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"513","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-7020-4086-3.00033-3","volume":"119","author":"JE Sumpton","year":"2014","unstructured":"Sumpton JE, Moulin DE. Fibromyalgia. Handb Clin Neurol. 2014;119:513\u201327.","journal-title":"Handb Clin Neurol"},{"issue":"13","key":"3461_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1613","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.161.13.1613","volume":"161","author":"R Browning","year":"2001","unstructured":"Browning R, Jackson JL, O\u2019Malley PG. Cyclobenzaprine and back pain: a meta-analysis. Arch Intern Med. 2001;161(13):1613\u201320.","journal-title":"Arch Intern Med"},{"issue":"5","key":"3461_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"324","DOI":"10.1097\/00002508-200209000-00008","volume":"18","author":"J Sim","year":"2002","unstructured":"Sim J, Adams N. Systematic review of randomized controlled trials of nonpharmacological interventions for fibromyalgia. Clin J Pain. 2002;18(5):324\u201336.","journal-title":"Clin J Pain"},{"issue":"6","key":"3461_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"745","DOI":"10.1586\/erp.12.67","volume":"12","author":"E Hedman","year":"2012","unstructured":"Hedman E, Ljotsson B, Lindefors N. Cognitive behavior therapy via the Internet: a systematic review of applications, clinical efficacy and cost-effectiveness. Expert Rev Pharmacoecon Outcomes Res. 2012;12(6):745\u201364.","journal-title":"Expert Rev Pharmacoecon Outcomes Res"},{"issue":"9768","key":"3461_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"823","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(11)60096-2","volume":"377","author":"PD White","year":"2011","unstructured":"White PD, Goldsmith KA, Johnson AL, Potts L, Walwyn R, DeCesare JC, Baber HL, Burgess M, Clark LV, Cox DL, et al. Comparison of adaptive pacing therapy, cognitive behaviour therapy, graded exercise therapy, and specialist medical care for chronic fatigue syndrome (PACE): a randomised trial. Lancet. 2011;377(9768):823\u201336.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"3","key":"3461_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"408","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.154.3.408","volume":"154","author":"A Deale","year":"1997","unstructured":"Deale A, Chalder T, Marks I, Wessely S. Cognitive behavior therapy for chronic fatigue syndrome: a randomized controlled trial. Am J Psychiatry. 1997;154(3):408\u201314.","journal-title":"Am J Psychiatry"},{"key":"3461_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2021.580924","volume":"12","author":"ME Gotaas","year":"2021","unstructured":"Gotaas ME, Stiles TC, Bjorngaard JH, Borchgrevink PC, Fors EA. Cognitive behavioral therapy improves physical function and fatigue in mild and moderate chronic fatigue syndrome: a consecutive randomized controlled trial of standard and short interventions. Front Psychiatry. 2021;12: 580924.","journal-title":"Front Psychiatry"},{"issue":"8","key":"3461_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0040808","volume":"7","author":"P McCrone","year":"2012","unstructured":"McCrone P, Sharpe M, Chalder T, Knapp M, Johnson AL, Goldsmith KA, White PD. Adaptive pacing, cognitive behaviour therapy, graded exercise, and specialist medical care for chronic fatigue syndrome: a cost-effectiveness analysis. PLoS ONE. 2012;7(8): e40808.","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"issue":"4","key":"3461_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"411","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-4679(199904)55:4<411::AID-JCLP6>3.0.CO;2-N","volume":"55","author":"LA Jason","year":"1999","unstructured":"Jason LA, King CP, Frankenberry EL, Jordan KM, Tryon WW, Rademaker F, Huang CF. Chronic fatigue syndrome: assessing symptoms and activity level. J Clin Psychol. 1999;55(4):411\u201324.","journal-title":"J Clin Psychol"},{"issue":"9","key":"3461_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"929","DOI":"10.5664\/jcsm.2996","volume":"9","author":"K Wilkinson","year":"2013","unstructured":"Wilkinson K, Shapiro C. Development and validation of the nonrestorative sleep scale (NRSS). J Clin Sleep Med. 2013;9(9):929\u201337.","journal-title":"J Clin Sleep Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"3461_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2005-867080","volume":"25","author":"JS Durmer","year":"2005","unstructured":"Durmer JS, Dinges DF. Neurocognitive consequences of sleep deprivation. Semin Neurol. 2005;25(1):117\u201329.","journal-title":"Semin Neurol"},{"key":"3461_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2377-6-41","volume":"6","author":"WC Reeves","year":"2006","unstructured":"Reeves WC, Heim C, Maloney EM, Youngblood LS, Unger ER, Decker MJ, Jones JF, Rye DB. Sleep characteristics of persons with chronic fatigue syndrome and non-fatigued controls: results from a population-based study. BMC Neurol. 2006;6:41.","journal-title":"BMC Neurol"},{"issue":"3","key":"3461_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1016\/j.smrv.2012.06.003","volume":"17","author":"AN Mariman","year":"2013","unstructured":"Mariman AN, Vogelaers DP, Tobback E, Delesie LM, Hanoulle IP, Pevernagie DA. Sleep in the chronic fatigue syndrome. Sleep Med Rev. 2013;17(3):193\u20139.","journal-title":"Sleep Med Rev"},{"issue":"14","key":"3461_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e150377","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI150377","volume":"131","author":"O Fluge","year":"2021","unstructured":"Fluge O, Tronstad KJ, Mella O. Pathomechanisms and possible interventions in myalgic encephalomyelitis\/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME\/CFS). J Clin Invest. 2021;131(14):e150377.","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"issue":"7","key":"3461_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0129898","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0129898","volume":"10","author":"O Fluge","year":"2015","unstructured":"Fluge O, Risa K, Lunde S, Alme K, Rekeland IG, Sapkota D, Kristoffersen EK, Sorland K, Bruland O, Dahl O, et al. B-Lymphocyte depletion in myalgic encephalopathy\/ chronic fatigue syndrome. An open-label phase ii study with rituximab maintenance treatment. PLoS ONE. 2015;10(7):e0129898.","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"issue":"6","key":"3461_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"755","DOI":"10.1586\/17512433.2016.1172960","volume":"9","author":"WM Mitchell","year":"2016","unstructured":"Mitchell WM. Efficacy of rintatolimod in the treatment of chronic fatigue syndrome\/myalgic encephalomyelitis (CFS\/ME). Expert Rev Clin Pharmacol. 2016;9(6):755\u201370.","journal-title":"Expert Rev Clin Pharmacol"},{"issue":"3","key":"3461_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"933","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2011.09.004","volume":"136","author":"M Maes","year":"2012","unstructured":"Maes M, Twisk FN, Kubera M, Ringel K. Evidence for inflammation and activation of cell-mediated immunity in Myalgic Encephalomyelitis\/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (ME\/CFS): increased interleukin-1, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, PMN-elastase, lysozyme and neopterin. J Affect Disord. 2012;136(3):933\u20139.","journal-title":"J Affect Disord"},{"issue":"3","key":"3461_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.1111\/jhn.12435","volume":"30","author":"N Campagnolo","year":"2017","unstructured":"Campagnolo N, Johnston S, Collatz A, Staines D, Marshall-Gradisnik S. Dietary and nutrition interventions for the therapeutic treatment of chronic fatigue syndrome\/myalgic encephalomyelitis: a systematic review. J Hum Nutr Diet. 2017;30(3):247\u201359.","journal-title":"J Hum Nutr Diet"},{"issue":"1","key":"3461_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.1186\/s12967-021-02721-9","volume":"19","author":"LD Crosby","year":"2021","unstructured":"Crosby LD, Kalanidhi S, Bonilla A, Subramanian A, Ballon JS, Bonilla H. Off label use of Aripiprazole shows promise as a treatment for Myalgic Encephalomyelitis\/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (ME\/CFS): a retrospective study of 101 patients treated with a low dose of Aripiprazole. J Transl Med. 2021;19(1):50.","journal-title":"J Transl Med"},{"key":"3461_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychores.2016.11.014","volume":"93","author":"P Windthorst","year":"2017","unstructured":"Windthorst P, Mazurak N, Kuske M, Hipp A, Giel KE, Enck P, Niess A, Zipfel S, Teufel M. Heart rate variability biofeedback therapy and graded exercise training in management of chronic fatigue syndrome: an exploratory pilot study. J Psychosom Res. 2017;93:6\u201313.","journal-title":"J Psychosom Res"},{"key":"3461_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"349","DOI":"10.2147\/CLEP.S196293","volume":"11","author":"CY Hsieh","year":"2019","unstructured":"Hsieh CY, Su CC, Shao SC, Sung SF, Lin SJ, Kao Yang YH, Lai EC. Taiwan\u2019s National Health Insurance Research Database: past and future. Clin Epidemiol. 2019;11:349\u201358.","journal-title":"Clin Epidemiol"}],"container-title":["Journal of Translational Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12967-022-03461-0.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s12967-022-03461-0\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12967-022-03461-0.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,11]],"date-time":"2022-06-11T05:08:26Z","timestamp":1654924106000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/translational-medicine.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s12967-022-03461-0"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,11]]},"references-count":57,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,12]]}},"alternative-id":["3461"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12967-022-03461-0","relation":{},"ISSN":["1479-5876"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1479-5876","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,11]]},"assertion":[{"value":"25 March 2022","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"25 May 2022","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"11 June 2022","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors assert that all procedures contributing to this work comply with the ethical standards of the relevant national and institutional committees on human experimentation and with the Helsinki Declaration of 1975, as revised in 2008. This study was approved by the Research Ethics Committee of the China Medical University Hospital (CMUH-104-REC2-115) and the Institutional Review Board of Mackay Memorial Hospital (16MMHIS074).","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"The authors agree with the publication of this paper.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare that there is no conflict of interest regarding the publication of this paper.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"268"}}