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It will contribute to establishing innovative chemotherapeutical and surgical strategies without any limitation on rodent models.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>A total of 12 four- to five-week-old piglets of 7 to 8\u00a0kg were used. Two phases of ovarian cancer cell injections were performed with laparoscopic surgery.<\/jats:p>\n                <jats:p>In phase I trial, 5.0\u2009\u00d7\u200910<jats:sup>6<\/jats:sup> SK-OV-3 cells in 0.1\u00a0ml suspension were inoculated into the omentum, peritoneum, and uterine horns of two piglets twice with a one-week interval. In the phase II trial, 5.0\u2009\u00d7\u200910<jats:sup>6<\/jats:sup> SNU-008 cells in 0.1\u00a0ml suspension were injected only into uterine horns within the same time frame because tumor implantation after inoculation of SK-OV-3 cells was not observed at the omentum or peritoneum in the phase I trial. Modified peritoneal cancer index (PCI) score was used to monitor tumorigenesis up to 4\u00a0weeks after inoculation. Tumor tissues disseminated in the peritoneum 4\u00a0weeks after injection were used for histological examination with hematoxylin and eosin (H&amp;E) and paired-box gene 8 (PAX-8) staining.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>In the phase I trial, two piglets showed PM with modified PCI scores of 5 and 4 at 3\u00a0weeks after the first inoculation, which increased to 14 and 15 after 4\u00a0weeks, respectively. In the phase II trial, PM was detected in eight of ten piglets, which showed modified PCI scores of 6 to 12 at 4\u00a0weeks after the first inoculation. The overall incidence of PM from the total of 12 piglets after inoculation was 75%. Immunohistochemical H&amp;E and PAX-8 staining confirmed metastatic tumors.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>This study provides strong evidence that piglets can be employed as a model for PM by inoculating ovarian cancer cell lines from humans. Using two cell lines, the PM rate is 75%.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12967-022-03533-1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,21]],"date-time":"2022-07-21T12:03:48Z","timestamp":1658405028000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Establishment of a piglet model for peritoneal metastasis of ovarian cancer"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"20","author":[{"given":"Eun Ji","family":"Lee","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Soo Jin","family":"Park","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aeran","family":"Seol","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hyunji","family":"Lim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sumin","family":"Park","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ji Yeon","family":"Ahn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jeong Mook","family":"Lim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1238-7604","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hee Seung","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"name":"the KoRIA Trial Group","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ji Won","family":"Park","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gwonhwa","family":"Song","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiyen","family":"Ham","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sunwoo","family":"Park","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ga Won","family":"Yim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Seung-Hyuk","family":"Shim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Beong-Cheol","family":"Kang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Suk Joon","family":"Chang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Whasun","family":"Lim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jung Chan","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"3533_CR1","first-page":"111","volume":"3","author":"JO Schorge","year":"2010","unstructured":"Schorge JO, McCann C, Del Carmen MG. 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